Studying note of GCC-3.4.6 source (24 cont)

-foptimize-sibling-calls

Refer to flag_optimize_sibling_calls

CL_COMMON

-foptional-diags

Enable optional diagnostics

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-fpack-struct

Refer to flag_pack_struct

CL_COMMON

-fpcc-struct-return

Refer to flag_pcc_struct_return

CL_COMMON

-fpch-deps

When using precompiled headers, this flag will cause the dependency-output flags to also list the files from the precompiled header’s dependencies. If not specified only the precompiled header would be listed and not the files that were used to create it because those files are not consulted when a precompiled header is used.

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-fpeel-loops

Refer to flag_peel_loops

CL_COMMON

-fpeephole

Refer to flag_no_peephole

CL_COMMON

-fpeephole2

Refer to flag_peephole2

CL_COMMON

-fpermissive

Refer to flag_permissive

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-fpic

Refer to flag_pic

CL_COMMON

-fpie

Refer to flag_pie

CL_COMMON

-fprefetch-loop-arrays

Refer to flag_prefetch_loop_arrays

CL_COMMON

-fpreprocessed

Refer to flag_preprocess_only

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-fprofile

Enable basic program profiling code

CL_COMMON

-fprofile-arcs

Insert arc-based program profiling code

CL_COMMON

-fprofile-generate

Enable common options for generating profile info for profile feedback directed optimizations

CL_COMMON

-fprofile-use

Enable common options for performing profile feedback directed optimizations

CL_COMMON

-fprofile-values

Insert code to profile values of expressions

CL_COMMON

-frandom-seed

Refer to flag_random_seed

CL_COMMON

-frandom-seed=<string>

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_REJECT_NEGATIVE

-freduce-all-givs

Refer to flag_reduce_all_givs

CL_COMMON

-freg-struct-return

Return small aggregates in registers

CL_COMMON

-fregmove

Enables a register move optimization

CL_COMMON

-frename-registers

Perform a register renaming optimization pass

CL_COMMON

-freorder-blocks

Refer to flag_reorder_blocks

CL_COMMON

-freorder-functions

Refer to flag_reorder_functions

CL_COMMON

-frepo

Enable automatic template instantiation

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-frerun-cse-after-loop

Add a common subexpression elimination pass after loop optimizations

CL_COMMON

-frerun-loop-opt

Run the loop optimizer twice

CL_COMMON

-frounding-math

Disable optimizations that assume default FP rounding behavior

CL_COMMON

-frtti

Generate run time type descriptor information

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-fsched-interblock

Enable scheduling across basic blocks

CL_COMMON

-fsched-spec

Refer to flag_schedule_speculative

CL_COMMON

-fsched-spec-load

Refer to flag_schedule_speculative_load

CL_COMMON

-fsched-spec-load-dangerous

Refer to flag_schedule_speculative_load_dangerous

CL_COMMON

-fsched-stalled-insns

Refer to flag_sched_stalled_insns

CL_COMMON

-fsched-stalled-insns=<number>

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_REJECT_NEGATIVE | CL_UINTEGER

-fsched-stalled-insns-dep

Refer to flag_sched_stalled_insns_dep

CL_COMMON

-fsched-stalled-insns-dep=<number>

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_REJECT_NEGATIVE | CL_UINTEGER

-fsched-verbose=<number>

Set the verbosity level of the scheduler

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_REJECT_NEGATIVE

-fsched2-use-superblocks

Refer to flag_sched2_use_superblocks

CL_COMMON

-fsched2-use-traces

Refer to flag_sched2_use_traces

CL_COMMON

-fschedule-insns

Refer to flag_schedule_insns

CL_COMMON

-fschedule-insns2

Refer to flag_schedule_insns_after_reload

CL_COMMON

-fshared-data

Refer to flag_shared_data

CL_COMMON

-fshort-double

Refer to flag_short_double

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-fshort-enums

Refer to flag_short_enums

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-fshort-wchar

Refer to flag_short_wchar

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-fshow-column

!!! This switch lacks documentation

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-fsignaling-nans

Refer to flag_signaling_nans

CL_COMMON

-fsigned-bitfields

When "signed" or "unsigned" is not given make the bitfield signed

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-fsigned-char

Make "char" signed by default

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-fsingle-precision-constant

Convert floating point constants to single precision constants

CL_COMMON

-fsquangle

Depricated

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-fstack-check

Insert stack checking code into the program

CL_COMMON

-fstack-limit

Refer to stack_limit_rtx

CL_COMMON

-fstack-limit-register=<register>

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_REJECT_NEGATIVE

-fstack-limit-symbol=<name>

-fstats

Display statistics accumulated during compilation

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-fstrength-reduce

Perform strength reduction optimizations

CL_COMMON

-fstrict-aliasing

Assume strict aliasing rules apply

CL_COMMON

-fstrict-prototype

Depricated

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-fsyntax-only

Check for syntax errors, then stop

CL_COMMON

-ftabstop=<number>

Distance between tab stops for column reporting

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_JOINED | CL_REJECT_NEGATIVE | CL_UINTEGER

-ftemplate-depth-<number>

Specify maximum template instantiation depth

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX | CL_JOINED | CL_REJECT_NEGATIVE | CL_UINTEGER

-ftest-coverage

Create data files needed by "gcov"

CL_COMMON

-fthis-is-variable

Depricated

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-fthread-jumps

Refer to flag_thread_jumps

CL_COMMON

-ftime-report

Report the time taken by each compiler pass

CL_COMMON

-ftls-model=[global-dynamic|local-dynamic|initial-exec|local-exec]

Set the default thread-local storage code generation model

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_REJECT_NEGATIVE

-ftracer

Refer to flag_tracer

CL_COMMON

-ftrapping-math

Assume floating-point operations can trap

CL_COMMON

-ftrapv

Trap for signed overflow in addition, subtraction and multiplication

CL_COMMON

-funit-at-a-time

Compile whole compilation unit at a time

CL_COMMON

-funroll-all-loops

Perform loop unrolling for all loops

CL_COMMON

-funroll-loops

Perform loop unrolling when iteration count is known

CL_COMMON

-funsafe-math-optimizations

Allow math optimizations that may violate IEEE or ISO standards

CL_COMMON

-funsigned-bitfields

When "signed" or "unsigned" is not given make the bitfield unsigned

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-funsigned-char

Make "char" unsigned by default

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-funswitch-loops

Refer to flag_unswitch_loops

CL_COMMON

-funwind-tables

Refer to flag_unwind_tables

CL_COMMON

-fuse-cxa-atexit

Use __cxa_atexit to register destructors

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-fverbose-asm

Add extra commentary to assembler output

CL_COMMON

-fvpt

Use expression value profiles in optimizations

CL_COMMON

-fvtable-gc

Discard unused virtual functions

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-fvtable-thunks

Implement vtables using thunks

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-fweak

Refer to flag_weak

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-fweb

Refer to flag_web

CL_COMMON

-fwide-exec-charset=<cset>

Convert all wide strings and character constants to character set <cset>

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_JOINED | CL_REJECT_NEGATIVE

-fworking-directory

Generate a #line directive pointing at the current working directory

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-fwrapv

Assume signed arithmetic overflow wraps around

CL_COMMON

-fwritable-strings

Store strings in writable data section

CL_COMMON

-fxref

Emit cross referencing information

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-fzero-initialized-in-bss

Put zero initialized data in the bss section

CL_COMMON

-g

Generate debug information in default format

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_MISSING_OK

-gcoff

Generate debug information in COFF format

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_MISSING_OK

-gdwarf-2

Generate debug information in DWARF v2 format

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_MISSING_OK

-ggdb

Generate debug information in default extended format

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_MISSING_OK

-gstabs

Generate debug information in STABS format

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_MISSING_OK

-gstabs+

Generate debug information in extended STABS format

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_MISSING_OK

-gvms

Generate debug information in VMS format

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_MISSING_OK

-gxcoff

Generate debug information in XCOFF format

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_MISSING_OK

-gxcoff+

Generate debug information in extended XCOFF format

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_MISSING_OK

-idirafter<dir>

Add <dir> to the end of the system include path

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_JOINED | CL_SEPARATE

-imacros<file>

Accept definition of macros in <file>, but throw away any output produced by scanning <file>

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_JOINED | CL_SEPARATE

-include<file>

Include the contents of <file> before other files

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_JOINED | CL_SEPARATE

-iprefix<path>

Refer to iprefix

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_JOINED | CL_SEPARATE

-isysroot<dir>

Set <dir> to be the system root directory

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_JOINED | CL_SEPARATE

-isystem<dir>

Add <dir> to the start of the system include path

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_JOINED | CL_SEPARATE

-iwithprefix<dir>

Refer to add_prefixed_path

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_JOINED | CL_SEPARATE

-iwithprefixbefore<dir>

-lang-asm

!!! This switch lacks documentation

CL_C | CL_UNDOCUMENTED

-lang-objc

Compile code of objC

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_UNDOCUMENTED

-m

Prefix for options related to target

CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED

-nostdinc

Do not search standard system include directories (those specified with -isystem will still be used)

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-nostdinc++

Do not search standard system include directories for C++

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-o <file>

Place output into <file>

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_COMMON | CL_JOINED | CL_SEPARATE

-p

Enable function profiling

CL_COMMON

-pedantic

Issue warnings needed for strict compliance to the standard

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_COMMON

-pedantic-errors

Like -pedantic but issue them as errors

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_COMMON

-quiet

Do not display functions compiled or elapsed time

CL_COMMON

-remap

Enable special code to work around file systems which only permit very shortfile names, such as MS-DOS.

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-std=c++98

Conform to the ISO 1998 C++ standard

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-std=c89

Conform to the ISO 1990 C standard

CL_C | CL_ObjC

-std=c99

Conform to the ISO 1999 C standard

CL_C | CL_ObjC

-std=c9x

Deprecated in favor of -std=c99

CL_C | CL_ObjC

-std=gnu++98

Conform to the ISO 1998 C++ standard with GNU extensions

CL_CXX | CL_ObjCXX

-std=gnu89

Conform to the ISO 1990 C standard with GNU extensions

CL_C | CL_ObjC

-std=gnu99

Conform to the ISO 1999 C standard with GNU extensions

CL_C | CL_ObjC

-std=gnu9x

Deprecated in favor of -std=gnu99

CL_C | CL_ObjC

-std=iso9899:1990

Conform to the ISO 1990 C standard

CL_C | CL_ObjC

-std=iso9899:199409

Conform to the ISO 1990 C standard as amended in 1994

CL_C | CL_ObjC

-std=iso9899:1999

Conform to the ISO 1999 C standard

CL_C | CL_ObjC

-std=iso9899:199x

Deprecated in favor of -std=iso9899:1999

CL_C | CL_ObjC

-traditional-cpp

Enable traditional preprocessing

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-trigraphs

Support ISO C trigraphs

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-undef

Do not predefine system-specific and GCC-specific macros

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-v

Enable verbose output

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX

-version

Display the compiler's version

CL_COMMON

-w

Suppress warnings

CL_C | CL_CXX | CL_ObjC | CL_ObjCXX | CL_COMMON

Table 11: C++ language specified options

In above table, options are assigned variable flags set, in which 2 groups are identified. One is to indicate the specified langauge the options applied.

 

3     #define CL_C       (1 << 0)                                                                   in options.h

4     #define CL_CXX     (1 << 1)

5     #define CL_ObjC    (1 << 2)

6     #define CL_ObjCXX  (1 << 3)

 

The other tells other characteristics of the options, in which CL_COMMON should belong to first group.

 

40    #define CL_JOINED            (1 << 24) /* If takes joined argument.  */                 in opts.h

41    #define CL_SEPARATE (1 << 25) /* If takes a separate argument.  */

42    #define CL_REJECT_NEGATIVE       (1 << 26) /* Reject no- form.  */

43    #define CL_MISSING_OK          (1 << 27) /* Missing argument OK (joined).  */

44    #define CL_UINTEGER              (1 << 28) /* Argument is an integer >=0.  */

45    #define CL_COMMON         (1 << 29) /* Language-independent.  */

46    #define CL_UNDOCUMENTED  (1 << 30) /* Do not output with --help.  */

 

When arriving here, it means the option really within cl_options, it now needs to check its validity. Below testing at line 397 has been executed by find_opt, however find_opt still accepts the unmatching options for the language; so here find them out again, gives out warning and does abandonment.

 

handle_option (continue)

 

364    /* We've recognized this switch.  */

365    result = 1;

366 

367    /* Sort out any argument the switch takes.  */

368    if (option->flags & CL_JOINED)

369    {

370      /* Have arg point to the original switch. This is because

371        some code, such as disable_builtin_function, expects its

372        argument to be persistent until the program exits.  */

373      arg = argv[0] + cl_options[opt_index].opt_len + 1;

374      if (!value)

375        arg += strlen ("no-");

376 

377      if (*arg == '/0' && !(option->flags & CL_MISSING_OK))

378      {

379        if (option->flags & CL_SEPARATE)

380        {

381          arg = argv[1];

382          result = 2;

383        }

384        else

385          /* Missing argument.  */

386          arg = NULL;

387      }

388    }

389    else if (option->flags & CL_SEPARATE)

390    {

391      arg = argv[1];

392      result = 2;

393    }

394 

395    /* Now we've swallowed any potential argument, complain if this

396      is a switch for a different front end.  */

397    if (!(option->flags & (lang_mask | CL_COMMON)))

398    {

399     complain_wrong_lang (argv[0], option, lang_mask);

400      goto done;

401    }

402 

403    if (arg == NULL && (option->flags & (CL_JOINED | CL_SEPARATE)))

404    {

405      if (!(*lang_hooks.missing_argument) (opt, opt_index))

406        error ("missing argument to /"%s/"", opt);

407      goto done;

408    }

409 

410    /* If the switch takes an integer, convert it.  */

411    if (arg && (option->flags & CL_UINTEGER))

412    {

413      value = integral_argument (arg);

414      if (value == -1)

415      {

416        error ("argument to /"%s/" should be a non-negative integer",

417             option->opt_text);

418        goto done;

419      }

420    }

 

For option of CL_JOINED, it looks like -A=value or -Avalue, and for option of CL_SEPARATE, it looks like -A= value or -A value. So above code snippet fetches the parameter of the option.

 

handle_option (continue)

 

422    if (option->flags & lang_mask)

423      if ((*lang_hooks.handle_option) (opt_index, arg, value) == 0)

424        result = 0;

425 

426    if (result && (option->flags & CL_COMMON))

427      if (c_common_handle_option (opt_index, arg, value) == 0)

428        result = 0;

429 

430  done:

431    if (dup)

432      free (dup);

433    return result;

434  }

 

Condition at line 422 selects out the options specially for the language, and passes them to the hook of the front-end.

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