5.12.4.1.1.2.1.1.2. 在指定类中的查找
而如果指定的作用域是一个类,那么查找的就是除非静态数据成员以外的类成员。不过这里尚不检查是否有违反,这由外部调用它们的函数来检查( build_offset_ref )。
在一个指定的类作用域中的查找工作,具体由 lookup_member 来进行。在这个函数中,注意参数 want_type 如果是 true ,这表示我们应该仅返回 TYPE_DECL 节点;参数 xbasetype 指向类的类型节点;而参数 protect 传入为 0 ,表示不要进行访问控制检查,并且对于有二义性的查找,我们应该返回 NULL 。
1275 tree
1276 lookup_member (tree xbasetype, tree name, int protect, bool want_type) in search.c
1277 {
1278 tree rval, rval_binfo = NULL_TREE;
1279 tree type = NULL_TREE, basetype_path = NULL_TREE;
1280 struct lookup_field_info lfi;
1281
1282 /* rval_binfo is the binfo associated with the found member, note,
1283 this can be set with useful information, even when rval is not
1284 set, because it must deal with ALL members, not just non-function
1285 members. It is used for ambiguity checking and the hidden
1286 checks. Whereas rval is only set if a proper (not hidden)
1287 non-function member is found. */
1288
1289 const char *errstr = 0;
1290
1291 my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (name) == IDENTIFIER_NODE, 20030624);
1292
1293 if (TREE_CODE (xbasetype) == TREE_VEC)
1294 {
1295 type = BINFO_TYPE (xbasetype);
1296 basetype_path = xbasetype;
1297 }
1298 else
1299 {
1300 my_friendly_assert(IS_AGGR_TYPE_CODE(TREE_CODE(xbasetype)), 20030624);
1301 type = xbasetype;
1302 basetype_path = TYPE_BINFO (type);
1303 my_friendly_assert (!BINFO_INHERITANCE_CHAIN (basetype_path), 980827);
1304 }
1305
1306 if (type == current_class_type && TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (type)
1307 && IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE (name))
1308 {
1309 tree field = IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE (name);
1310 if (! is_overloaded_fn (field)
1311 && ! (want_type && TREE_CODE (field) != TYPE_DECL))
1312 /* We're in the scope of this class, and the value has already
1313 been looked up. Just return the cached value. */
1314 return field;
1315 }
参考图形 binfo间的关系 ,显然上面的 type 指向与 binfo 关联的 RECORD_TYPE 节点。对于 name ,如果在 1307 行的 IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE 不是 NULL , name 被声明在当前类中,并且 IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE 是其对应的声明。
如果封闭类( enclosing class )正在定义中(一定是 current_class_type ),如果由 IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE 返回的对象是函数声明,那么我们需要继续下面的处理,因为方法 / 函数是可以重载的,因此有可能我们找到的是前一个定义。除此之外,如果 TYPE_DECL 是期望的返回值,但找到域不是 TYPE_DECL ,我们也需要进行处理(这里考虑如下代码:
struct F {
int innerType;
};
struct G: public F {
typedef int innerType; // we are parsing this field, IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE // (innerType) still points to F::innerType
};
域“ typedef int innerType ”需要被加入类定义,必须摒弃找到的“ int innerType ”;而对于代码:
struct F {
typedef int innerType;
};
struct G: public F {
void func(int innerType); // we are parsing this field
};
我们只需返回 F 的 innerType ,编译器随后会发现这个错误。
如果我们不能从 IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE 所支持的快速查找中获益(只要 type 不是正在定义中,就没有风险,因为 IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE 这时保存了前一次找出的链接)。我们不得不用强硬的方法来进行查找。
1008 struct lookup_field_info { in search.c
1009 /* The type in which we're looking. */
1010 tree type;
1011 /* The name of the field for which we're looking. */
1012 tree name;
1013 /* If non-NULL, the current result of the lookup. */
1014 tree rval;
1015 /* The path to RVAL. */
1016 tree rval_binfo;
1017 /* If non-NULL, the lookup was ambiguous, and this is a list of the
1018 candidates. */
1019 tree ambiguous;
1020 /* If nonzero, we are looking for types, not data members. */
1021 int want_type;
1022 /* If something went wrong, a message indicating what. */
1023 const char *errstr;
1024 };
上面的结构体将被用来传递指引在被查找集中的查找过程的信息。并且它也将带回查找结果。
lookup_member (continue)
1317 complete_type (type);
1318
1319 #ifdef GATHER_STATISTICS
1320 n_calls_lookup_field ++;
1321 #endif /* GATHER_STATISTICS */
1322
1323 memset (&lfi, 0, sizeof (lfi));
1324 lfi.type = type;
1325 lfi.name = name;
1326 lfi.want_type = want_type;
1327 bfs_walk (basetype_path, &lookup_field_r , &lookup_field_queue_p , &lfi);
函数 bfs_walk 遍历由 basetype_path 支配的类层次结构。然后在这个宽度优先的前序遍历中,函数 lookup_field_r 为层次结构中的每个类所调用。如果这个函数返回非 NULL ,这个值被立即返回并且结束遍历。这意味着我们已经找到期望的东西,而且它在派生程度最高的子类中。
1607 static tree
1608 bfs_walk (tree binfo, in search.c
1609 tree (*fn) (tree, void *),
1610 tree (*qfn) (tree, int, void *),
1611 void *data)
1612 {
1613 tree rval = NULL_TREE;
1614
1615 tree bases_initial[BFS_WALK_INITIAL_QUEUE_SIZE];
1616 /* A circular queue of the base classes of BINFO. These will be
1617 built up in breadth-first order, except where QFN prunes the
1618 search. */
1619 size_t head, tail;
1620 size_t base_buffer_size = BFS_WALK_INITIAL_QUEUE_SIZE;
1621 tree *base_buffer = bases_initial;
1622
1623 head = tail = 0;
1624 base_buffer[tail++] = binfo;
1625
1626 while (head != tail)
1627 {
1628 int n_bases, ix;
1629 tree binfo = base_buffer[head++];
1630 if (head == base_buffer_size)
1631 head = 0;
1632
1633 /* Is this the one we're looking for? If so, we're done. */
1634 rval = fn (binfo, data);
1635 if (rval)
1636 goto done;
1637
1638 n_bases = BINFO_N_BASETYPES (binfo);
1639 for (ix = 0; ix != n_bases; ix++)
1640 {
1641 tree base_binfo;
1642
1643 if (qfn)
1644 base_binfo = (*qfn) (binfo, ix, data);
1645 else
1646 base_binfo = BINFO_BASETYPE (binfo, ix);
1647
1648 if (base_binfo)
1649 {
1650 base_buffer[tail++] = base_binfo;
1651 if (tail == base_buffer_size)
1652 tail = 0;
1653 if (tail == head)
1654 {
1655 tree *new_buffer = xmalloc (2 * base_buffer_size
1656 * sizeof (tree));
1657 memcpy (&new_buffer[0], &base_buffer[0],
1658 tail * sizeof (tree));
1659 memcpy (&new_buffer[head + base_buffer_size],
1660 &base_buffer[head],
1661 (base_buffer_size - head) * sizeof (tree));
1662 if (base_buffer_size != BFS_WALK_INITIAL_QUEUE_SIZE)
1663 free (base_buffer);
1664 base_buffer = new_buffer;
1665 head += base_buffer_size;
1666 base_buffer_size *= 2;
1667 }
1668 }
1669 }
1670 }
1671
1672 done:
1673 if (base_buffer_size != BFS_WALK_INITIAL_QUEUE_SIZE)
1674 free (base_buffer);
1675 return rval;
1676 }
上面缓存 bases_initial 通过把树以前序展开入一个数组来辅助遍历。可以期望一个编译单元中的类层次结构树通常是相当简单的( BFS_WALK_INITIAL_QUEUE_SIZE 为 10 )。
在每次调用中,一个表示从当前访问子类到 basetype_path 的路径的 binfo 被传给 lookup_field_r 。而 lookup_field_queue_p 为 lookup_field_r 选出合格的对象。
1136 static tree
1137 lookup_field_r (tree binfo, void *data) in search.c
1138 {
1139 struct lookup_field_info *lfi = (struct lookup_field_info *) data;
1140 tree type = BINFO_TYPE (binfo);
1141 tree nval = NULL_TREE;
1142
1143 /* First, look for a function. There can't be a function and a data
1144 member with the same name, and if there's a function and a type
1145 with the same name, the type is hidden by the function. */
1146 if (!lfi->want_type)
1147 {
1148 int idx = lookup_fnfields_1 (type, lfi->name);
1149 if (idx >= 0)
1150 nval = TREE_VEC_ELT (CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (type), idx);
1151 }
1152
1153 if (!nval)
1154 /* Look for a data member or type. */
1155 nval = lookup_field_1 (type, lfi->name, lfi->want_type);
1156
1157 /* If there is no declaration with the indicated name in this type,
1158 then there's nothing to do. */
1159 if (!nval)
1160 return NULL_TREE;
在类的节点中,其方法被记录在一个向量( vector 中); lookup_fnfields_1 返回由 name 所指定方法所对应的索引。下面的 CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC 就是这个向量。
1458 int
1459 lookup_fnfields_1 (tree type, tree name) in search.c
1460 {
1461 tree method_vec;
1462 tree *methods;
1463 tree tmp;
1464 int i;
1465 int len;
1466
1467 if (!CLASS_TYPE_P (type))
1468 return -1;
1469
1470 method_vec = CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (type);
1471
1472 if (!method_vec)
1473 return -1;
1474
1475 methods = &TREE_VEC_ELT (method_vec, 0);
1476 len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (method_vec);
1477
1478 #ifdef GATHER_STATISTICS
1479 n_calls_lookup_fnfields_1 ++;
1480 #endif /* GATHER_STATISTICS */
1481
1482 /* Constructors are first... */
1483 if (name == ctor_identifier)
1484 return (methods[CLASSTYPE_CONSTRUCTOR_SLOT]
1485 ? CLASSTYPE_CONSTRUCTOR_SLOT : -1);
1486 /* and destructors are second. */
1487 if (name == dtor_identifier)
1488 return (methods[CLASSTYPE_DESTRUCTOR_SLOT]
1489 ? CLASSTYPE_DESTRUCTOR_SLOT : -1);
1490 if (IDENTIFIER_TYPENAME_P (name))
1491 return lookup_conversion_operator (type, TREE_TYPE (name));
构造函数及析构函数,如果被定义了,它们被放置在固定的地方,因为它们是最常调用的方法。如果有作为转换操作符的构造函数,它们紧跟随后。对于转换操作符的查找有点麻烦,如 ISO-IEC-14882-2003 所要求,对于同名的转换操作符,非模板的版本要优先于模板版本。
1404 static int
1405 lookup_conversion_operator (tree class_type, tree type) in search.c
1406 {
1407 int pass;
1408 int i;
1409
1410 tree methods = CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (class_type);
1411
1412 for (pass = 0; pass < 2; ++pass)
1413 for (i = CLASSTYPE_FIRST_CONVERSION_SLOT;
1414 i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (methods);
1415 ++i)
1416 {
1417 tree fn = TREE_VEC_ELT (methods, i);
1418 /* The size of the vector may have some unused slots at the
1419 end. */
1420 if (!fn)
1421 break ;
1422
1423 /* All the conversion operators come near the beginning of the
1424 class. Therefore, if FN is not a conversion operator, there
1425 is no matching conversion operator in CLASS_TYPE. * /
1426 fn = OVL_CURRENT (fn);
1427 if (!DECL_CONV_FN_P (fn))
1428 break ;
1429
1430 if (pass == 0)
1431 {
1432 /* On the first pass we only consider exact matches. If
1433 the types match, this slot is the one where the right
1434 conversion operators can be found. */
1435 if (TREE_CODE (fn) != TEMPLATE_DECL
1436 && same_type_p (DECL_CONV_FN_TYPE (fn), type))
1437 return i;
1438 }
1439 else
1440 {
1441 /* On the second pass we look for template conversion
1442 operators. It may be possible to instantiate the
1443 template to get the type desired. All of the template
1444 conversion operators share a slot. By looking for
1445 templates second we ensure that specializations are
1446 preferred over templates. */
1447 if (TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
1448 return i;
1449 }
1450 }
1451
1452 return -1;
1453 }
对于其他方法,则需要老老实实地在这个向量中查找。对于解析过的类,其方法已经按其名字所对应的标识符的地址排序,因此可以使用二分查找;而对于正在解析的类,其方法还未排序,只能依次查找。
lookup_fnfields_1 (continue)
1493 /* Skip the conversion operators. */
1494 i = CLASSTYPE_FIRST_CONVERSION_SLOT;
1495 while (i < len && methods[i] && DECL_CONV_FN_P (OVL_CURRENT (methods[i])))
1496 i++;
1497
1498 /* If the type is complete, use binary search. */
1499 if (COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type))
1500 {
1501 int lo = i;
1502 int hi = len;
1503
1504 while (lo < hi)
1505 {
1506 i = (lo + hi) / 2;
1507
1508 #ifdef GATHER_STATISTICS
1509 n_outer_fields_searched ++;
1510 #endif /* GATHER_STATISTICS */
1511
1512 tmp = methods[i];
1513 /* This slot may be empty; we allocate more slots than we
1514 need. In that case, the entry we're looking for is
1515 closer to the beginning of the list. */
1516 if (tmp)
1517 tmp = DECL_NAME (OVL_CURRENT (tmp));
1518 if (!tmp || tmp > name)
1519 hi = i;
1520 else if (tmp < name)
1521 lo = i + 1;
1522 else
1523 return i;
1524 }
1525 }
1526 else
1527 for (; i < len && methods[i]; ++i)
1528 {
1529 #ifdef GATHER_STATISTICS
1530 n_outer_fields_searched ++;
1531 #endif /* GATHER_STATISTICS */
1532
1533 tmp = OVL_CURRENT (methods[i]);
1534 if (DECL_NAME (tmp) == name)
1535 return i;
1536 }
1537
1538 return -1;
1539 }
查找转换操作符由上述代码完成,不过 lookup_field _r 也可被用于查找数据成员或类中的类型,在这里我们也看一下这部分功能。
查找数据成员由 lookup_field_1 完成,看到如果不是严格地要求 TYPE_DECL ,方法( method )将隐藏同名的类型。
427 tree
428 lookup_field_1 (tree type, tree name, bool want_type) in search.c
429 {
430 tree field;
431
432 if (TREE_CODE (type) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
433 || TREE_CODE (type) == BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
434 || TREE_CODE (type) == TYPENAME_TYPE)
435 /* The TYPE_FIELDS of a TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM and
436 BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM are not fields at all;
437 instead TYPE_FIELDS is the TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX. (Miraculously,
438 the code often worked even when we treated the index as a list
439 of fields!)
440 The TYPE_FIELDS of TYPENAME_TYPE is its TYPENAME_TYPE_FULLNAME. */
441 return NULL_TREE;
442
443 if (TYPE_NAME (type)
444 && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (TYPE_NAME (type))
445 && DECL_SORTED_FIELDS (TYPE_NAME (type)))
446 {
447 tree *fields = &DECL_SORTED_FIELDS (TYPE_NAME (type))->elts[0];
448 int lo = 0, hi = DECL_SORTED_FIELDS (TYPE_NAME (type))->len;
449 int i;
450
451 while (lo < hi)
452 {
453 i = (lo + hi) / 2;
454
455 #ifdef GATHER_STATISTICS
456 n_fields_searched ++;
457 #endif /* GATHER_STATISTICS */
458
459 if (DECL_NAME (fields[i]) > name)
460 hi = i;
461 else if (DECL_NAME (fields[i]) < name)
462 lo = i + 1;
463 else
464 {
465 field = NULL_TREE;
466
467 /* We might have a nested class and a field with the
468 same name; we sorted them appropriately via
469 field_decl_cmp, so just look for the first or last
470 field with this name. */
471 if (want_type)
472 {
473 do
474 field = fields[i--];
475 while (i >= lo && DECL_NAME (fields[i]) == name);
476 if (TREE_CODE (field) != TYPE_DECL
477 && !DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (field))
478 field = NULL_TREE;
479 }
480 else
481 {
482 do
483 field = fields[i++];
484 while (i < hi && DECL_NAME (fields[i]) == name);
485 }
486 return field;
487 }
488 }
489 return NULL_TREE;
490 }
491
492 field = TYPE_FIELDS (type);
493
494 #ifdef GATHER_STATISTICS
495 n_calls_lookup_field_1 ++;
496 #endif /* GATHER_STATISTICS */
497 for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (type); field; field = TREE_CHAIN (field))
498 {
499 #ifdef GATHER_STATISTICS
500 n_fields_searched ++;
501 #endif /* GATHER_STATISTICS */
502 my_friendly_assert (DECL_P (field), 0);
503 if (DECL_NAME (field) == NULL_TREE
504 && ANON_AGGR_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (field)))
505 {
506 tree temp = lookup_field_1 (TREE_TYPE (field), name, want_type);
507 if (temp)
508 return temp;
509 }
510 if (TREE_CODE (field) == USING_DECL)
511 /* For now, we're just treating member using declarations as
512 old ARM-style access declarations. Thus, there's no reason
513 to return a USING_DECL, and the rest of the compiler can't
514 handle it. Once the class is defined, these are purged
515 from TYPE_FIELDS anyhow; see handle_using_decl. */
516 continue ;
517
518 if (DECL_NAME (field) == name
519 && (!want_type
520 || TREE_CODE (field) == TYPE_DECL
521 || DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (field)))
522 return field;
523 }
524 /* Not found. */
525 if (name == vptr_identifier )
526 {
527 /* Give the user what s/he thinks s/he wants. */
528 if (TYPE_POLYMORPHIC_P (type))
529 return TYPE_VFIELD (type);
530 }
531 return NULL_TREE;
532 }
这个函数类似于 lookup_fnfields_1 的后半部分。注意在 444 行,在 C++ 前端中, *_DECL 节点中具有 DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC 部分。对于类,虚表( vtable )被链接在 TYPE_FIELDS 的头部,它被虚表指针( vptr_identifier )所指向。注意只有定义了虚函数或从虚基类派生的类才具有虚表及虚表指针。
如果我们查找一个类型,但所找到的( nval )不是 TYPE_DECL 并且与当前类同名;对于这个情况, nval 一定不是方法(在 1148 行的 lookup_fnfields_1 被跳过),而是一个域。正如下面 1169 行的注释所描述的, nval 可以是与类型同名的一个域。回忆对于类,为其有 TYPE_DECL 被构建,并且链入 TYPE_FIELDS ,因此在 1173 行的 FOR 循环查找这个 TYPE_DECL 。
lookup_field_r (continue)
1162 /* If we're looking up a type (as with an elaborated type specifier)
1163 we ignore all non-types we find. */
1164 if (lfi->want_type && TREE_CODE (nval) != TYPE_DECL
1165 && !DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (nval))
1166 {
1167 if (lfi->name == TYPE_IDENTIFIER (type))
1168 {
1169 /* If the aggregate has no user defined constructors, we allow
1170 it to have fields with the same name as the enclosing type.
1171 If we are looking for that name, find the corresponding
1172 TYPE_DECL. */
1173 for (nval = TREE_CHAIN (nval); nval; nval = TREE_CHAIN (nval))
1174 if (DECL_NAME (nval) == lfi->name
1175 && TREE_CODE (nval) == TYPE_DECL)
1176 break ;
1177 }
1178 else
1179 nval = NULL_TREE;
1180 if (!nval && CLASSTYPE_NESTED_UTDS (type) != NULL)
1181 {
1182 binding_entry e = binding_table_find (CLASSTYPE_NESTED_UTDS (type),
1183 lfi->name);
1184 if (e != NULL)
1185 nval = TYPE_MAIN_DECL (e->type);
1186 else
1187 return NULL_TREE;
1188 }
1189 }
1190
1191 /* You must name a template base class with a template-id. */
1192 if (!same_type_p (type, lfi->type)
1193 && template_self_reference_p (type, nval))
1194 return NULL_TREE;
上面,在 1180 行, CLASSTYPE_NESTED_UTDS 是在类中找到的嵌套用户定义类型(类或枚举)的字典。如果 nval 不是 TYPE_DECL 并且不与类的同名,我们进入 1180 行的 IF 块;在这种情况下, nval 可能会屏蔽在类中声明的类型。比如:
class A {
public :
class a { public : int i; };
int a;
};
int main () {
class A::a a; // class A::a is the elaborated-type-specifier
return 0;
}
为了是 IF 块找出被域‘ a ’所屏蔽的类型‘ a ’,必须使用 elaborated-type-specifier 来显式地指明类型(看到这在上面会使得 want_type 成为 true )。
以下,【 3 】,条款 3.3.7 “名字屏蔽”系统地描述了名字屏蔽的规则。
1. 在一个嵌套声明域或派生类中,一个名字可以被同名的显式声明所屏蔽( 10.2 )。 2. 一个类名( 9.1 )或枚举名( 7.2 )可以被在同一个域中声明的对象,函数或枚举值的名字所屏蔽。如果一个类或枚举类型与同名的一个对象,函数或枚举值,以任意的次序,声明在同一个域中,该类或枚举类型在该对象,函数或枚举值可见处被屏蔽。 3. 在一个方法的定义中的一个局部声明屏蔽在该类中声明的同名成员;参考 3.3.6 。在一个派生类中的一个成员声明(条款 10 )屏蔽基类中声明的同名成员;参考 10.2 。 4. 在查找被一个名字空间名所限定的名字的过程中,那些通过 using-directive 可见的声明为包含这个 using-directive 的名字空间内的同名声明所屏蔽;参考( 3.4.3.2 )。 5. 如果一个名字在作用域内并且没有被屏蔽,它被称为可见( visible )。 |
lookup_field_r (continue)
1196 /* If the lookup already found a match, and the new value doesn't
1197 hide the old one, we might have an ambiguity. */
1198 if (lfi->rval_binfo
1199 && !is_subobject_of_p (lfi->rval_binfo, binfo))
1200
1201 {
1202 if (nval == lfi->rval && shared_member_p (nval))
1203 /* The two things are really the same. */
1204 ;
1205 else if (is_subobject_of_p (binfo, lfi->rval_binfo))
1206 /* The previous value hides the new one. */
1207 ;
1208 else
1209 {
1210 /* We have a real ambiguity. We keep a chain of all the
1211 candidates. */
1212 if (!lfi->ambiguous && lfi->rval)
1213 {
1214 /* This is the first time we noticed an ambiguity. Add
1215 what we previously thought was a reasonable candidate
1216 to the list. */
1217 lfi->ambiguous = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, lfi->rval, NULL_TREE);
1218 TREE_TYPE (lfi->ambiguous) = error_mark_node;
1219 }
1220
1221 /* Add the new value. */
1222 lfi->ambiguous = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, nval, lfi->ambiguous);
1223 TREE_TYPE (lfi->ambiguous) = error_mark_node;
1224 lfi->errstr = "request for member `%D' is ambiguous";
1225 }
1226 }
1227 else
1228 {
1229 lfi->rval = nval;
1230 lfi->rval_binfo = binfo;
1231 }
1232
1233 return NULL_TREE;
1234 }
在上面的 lfi 中, rval 域记录了最后的查找结果,而 rval_binfo 则是对应的 binfo 。因为 lfi 在整个遍历中都存活着,这些域如果不是 NULL ,则表示了有二义性的可能,除非 rval_binfo 与 binfo (现在正在查找的类型)具有继承关系。另一个例外是这 2 个项都是同一个。
1114 static int
1115 is_subobject_of_p (tree parent, tree binfo) in search.c
1116 {
1117 tree probe;
1118
1119 for (probe = parent; probe; probe = BINFO_INHERITANCE_CHAIN (probe))
1120 {
1121 if (probe == binfo)
1122 return 1;
1123 if (TREE_VIA_VIRTUAL (probe))
1124 return (purpose_member (BINFO_TYPE (probe),
1125 CLASSTYPE_VBASECLASSES (BINFO_TYPE (binfo)))
1126 != NULL_TREE);
1127 }
1128 return 0;
1129 }
函数 is_subobject_of_p 分辨给定的类型是否具有继承关系。它的实现简单直接。
在遍历后,如果有所发现, lfi 中的 rval 及 rval_binfo 记录了查找的结果。而且如果发现了二义性,具有二义性的域被记录在 ambiguous 域。
lookup_member (continue)
1328 rval = lfi.rval;
1329 rval_binfo = lfi.rval_binfo;
1330 if (rval_binfo)
1331 type = BINFO_TYPE (rval_binfo);
1332 errstr = lfi.errstr;
1333
1334 /* If we are not interested in ambiguities, don't report them;
1335 just return NULL_TREE. */
1336 if (!protect && lfi.ambiguous)
1337 return NULL_TREE;
1338
1339 if (protect == 2)
1340 {
1341 if (lfi.ambiguous)
1342 return lfi.ambiguous;
1343 else
1344 protect = 0;
1345 }
1346
1347 /* [class.access]
1348
1349 In the case of overloaded function names, access control is
1350 applied to the function selected by overloaded resolution. */
1351 if (rval && protect && !is_overloaded_fn (rval))
1352 perform_or_defer_access_check (basetype_path, rval);
1353
1354 if (errstr && protect)
1355 {
1356 error (errstr, name, type);
1357 if (lfi.ambiguous)
1358 print_candidates (lfi.ambiguous);
1359 rval = error_mark_node;
1360 }
1361
1362 if (rval && is_overloaded_fn (rval))
1363 rval = build_baselink (rval_binfo, basetype_path, rval,
1364 (IDENTIFIER_TYPENAME_P (name)
1365 ? TREE_TYPE (name): NULL_TREE));
1366 return rval;
1367 }
注意上面的 is_overloaded_fn 返回 true 如果 rval 可以被重载。对于可以被重载及访问的方法,要构建 BASELINK 节点,它代表对一个或一组基类的方法的引用。注意到类本身可以作为自己的基类。
1240 tree
1241 build_baselink (tree binfo, tree access_binfo, tree functions, tree optype)
1242 {
1243 tree baselink;
1244
1245 my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (functions) == FUNCTION_DECL
1246 || TREE_CODE (functions) == TEMPLATE_DECL
1247 || TREE_CODE (functions) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR
1248 || TREE_CODE (functions) == OVERLOAD,
1249 20020730);
1250 my_friendly_assert (!optype || TYPE_P (optype), 20020730);
1251 my_friendly_assert (TREE_TYPE (functions), 20020805);
1252
1253 baselink = make_node (BASELINK);
1254 TREE_TYPE (baselink) = TREE_TYPE (functions);
1255 BASELINK_BINFO (baselink) = binfo;
1256 BASELINK_ACCESS_BINFO (baselink) = access_binfo;
1257 BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (baselink) = functions;
1258 BASELINK_OPTYPE (baselink) = optype;
1259
1260 return baselink;
1261 }
BASELINK_FUNCTIONS 给出了对应于函数的 FUNCTION_DECL , TEMPLATE_DECL , OVERLOAD 或 TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR 。 BASELINK_BINFO 给出了这些函数所来自的基类,即,在调用这些函数之前,“ this ”指针需要被转换至的基类(这个 BINFO 指示了 BASELINK_FUNCTIONS 所来自的基类)。 BASELINK_ACCESS_BINFO 给出了命名这些函数的基类(在这个 BINFO 中开始查找由这个 baselink 所指明的函数。这个基类通常用来确定由重载解析所选定函数的可访问性)。 BASELINK_BINFO 及 BASELINK_ACCESS_BINFO 可能会由 adjust_result_of_qualified_name_lookup 调整。
一个 BASELINK 是一个表达式; BASELINK 的 TREE_TYPE 给出了表达式的类型。这个类型或者是一个 FUNCTION_TYPE , METHOD_TYPE 或者表示重载函数的 unknown_type_node 。
在结束这一节之前,让我们看一下,在 lookup_member 的 1327 行的 bfs_walk 中,如何选择合适的 binfo 。这是函数 lookup_field_queue_p 。
1041 static tree
1042 lookup_field_queue_p (tree derived, int ix, void *data)
1043 {
1044 tree binfo = BINFO_BASETYPE (derived, ix);
1045 struct lookup_field_info *lfi = (struct lookup_field_info *) data;
1046
1047 /* Don't look for constructors or destructors in base classes. */
1048 if (IDENTIFIER_CTOR_OR_DTOR_P (lfi->name))
1049 return NULL_TREE;
1050
1051 /* If this base class is hidden by the best-known value so far, we
1052 don't need to look. */
1053 if (lfi->rval_binfo && original_binfo (binfo, lfi->rval_binfo))
1054 return NULL_TREE;
1055
1056 /* If this is a dependent base, don't look in it. */
1057 if (BINFO_DEPENDENT_BASE_P (binfo))
1058 return NULL_TREE;
1059
1060 return binfo;
1061 }
上面在 1053 行, binfo 可能是在由 lfi->rval_binfo 支配的类层次树中的原始 original_binfo binfo ,或者是一个复制的 binfo 。对于复制的 binfo , original_binfo 返回 NULL ,否则返回层次树中的原始的 binfo 。
那么如果 original_binfo 返回值不为 NULL ,表示 lfi->rval_binfo (记住这个域保存了发现所查找名字的 binfo )包含了 binfo 作为基类,不需要在其中查找。
5.12.4.1.1.2.1.2. 在指定对象中查找
而对于类似“ a->b ”或“ a.b ”的表达式,作用域‘ a ’被记录在“ parser->context->object_type ”,此时它被下面的 object_type 所指向。【 3 】规定:
如果在一个类成员访问中的 id-expression 是一个以下形式的 qualified-id :
class-name-or-namespace-name::...
跟在操作符 . 或 -> 后的 class-name-or-namespace-name 同时在整个 postfix-expression 上下文中及对象表达式( object-expression )的类的作用域中查找。如果只在该对象表达式的类的作用域中找到该名字,该名字应该是一个类名。如果仅在整个 postfix-expression 的上下文中找到该名字,这个名字应该是一个类名或名字空间名。如果在 2 个上下文中都找到这个名字, 它们应该指向同一个实体。 [ 注意: class-name-or-namespace-name 查找出来的结果不要求为该对象表达式的类中唯一的基类,只要被限定 id ( qualified id )命名的实体是对象表达式的类的成员并且根据 10.2 没有二义性。
struct A {
int a;
};
struct B: virtual A { };
struct C: B { };
struct D: B { };
struct E: public C, public D { };
struct F: public A { };
void f() {
E e;
e.B::a = 0; // OK, only one A::a in E
F f;
f.A::a = 1; // OK, A::a is a member of F
}
不过我尚未想明白什么情况下 class-name-or-namespace-name 可以是名字空间名 L 。例如:
namespace NA {
int i;
struct A { };
void func () {
A a;
a.NA::i = 5;
}
}
int main () {
return 1;
}
根据上面的规则,“ a.NA::i ”中的 NA 将在 func 所在上下文查找,并最终确定为名字空间名,但是在 finish_class_member_access_expr 中,这个表达式最终被确认为错误。
cp_parser_lookup_name (continue)
13811 else if (object_type)
13812 {
13813 tree object_decl = NULL_TREE;
13814 /* Look up the name in the scope of the OBJECT_TYPE, unless the
13815 OBJECT_TYPE is not a class. */
13816 if (CLASS_TYPE_P (object_type))
13817 /* If the OBJECT_TYPE is a template specialization, it may
13818 be instantiated during name lookup. In that case, errors
13819 may be issued. Even if we rollback the current tentative
13820 parse, those errors are valid. */
13821 object_decl = lookup_member (object_type,
13822 name,
13823 /*protect=*/ 0, is_type);
13824 /* Look it up in the enclosing context, too. */
13825 decl = lookup_name_real (name, is_type, /*nonclass=*/ 0,
13826 is_namespace, flags);
13827 parser->object_scope = object_type;
13828 parser->qualifying_scope = NULL_TREE;
13829 if (object_decl)
13830 decl = object_decl;
13831 }
【 3 】并没有规定在 2 个上下文中同时找到名字时采取何者。 GCC 采用在对象表达式的类作用域中找到的那个。注意,函数 lookup_member 及 lookup_name_real 都能保证找到的结果没有二义性。
上面在 13827 行, parser 的 object_scope 及 qualifying_scope 保存了最后一次查找所在的作用域。如果使用了形如“ x->y ”或“ x.y ”的表达式,使用 object_scope ,它分别给出类型“ *x ”或“ x ”;对于形如“ X::Y ”的表达式,使用 qualifying_scope ,它指向 X 。