hibernate之insert和update控制实战

Hibernate在初始化阶段,会根据对象-关系映射文件生成预编译SQL语句。

1.insert,例如Customer类,初始化时根据映射文件生成预编译SQL

insert into CUSTOMERS (NAME, EMAIL, PASSWORD, PHONE, ADDRESS, SEX, IS_MARRIED, DESCRIPTION, IMAGE, BIRTHDAY, REGISTERED_TIME, ID)

  values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)

2.update,生成的预编译SQL

update CUSTOMERS set NAME=?, EMAIL=?, PASSWORD=?, PHONE=?, ADDRESS=?, SEX=?, IS_MARRIED=?, DESCRIPTION=?, IMAGE=?, BIRTHDAY=?,
 REGISTERED_TIME=? where ID=?

3.delete,生成预编译SQL

delete from CUSTOMERS where ID=?

注意:以上SQL语句中的?号代表的是JDBC中PreparedStatement中的参数。所有这些SQL语句存放在SessionFactory中,当Session调用save(),update(),

          delete(),load()方法时,从缓存中根据找到对应的SQL,同时,将具体参数绑定在具体位置,然后执行SQL。

4.控制insert和update分析

根据上面Hibernate默认打印出来的SQL语句可以看出,每一个SQL语句执行时,都包括了数据库表中的所有字段,这种行为,有时候不是我们想要的,

比如,我们想让表中的某个字段永远都更新不到,如果我们自己写SQL,不把这个目标字段更新就行了,但是Hibernate需要采取一定手段,才能达到

我们的目标,SQL从映射文件而来,解决问题还得回到映射文件上去。

要想解决问题,很简单,比如我们不想更新address,可以在映射文件中加一个update属性,设置成false:

<property name="address" update="false" column="ADDRESS" type="string" />

当我们再次执行更新时,从Hibernate打印的SQL能够看出,更新语句中少了刚才设置成不让更新的ADDRESS=?字段,SQL语句变成:

update CUSTOMERS set NAME=?, EMAIL=?, PASSWORD=?, PHONE=?, SEX=?, IS_MARRIED=?, DESCRIPTION=?, IMAGE=?, BIRTHDAY=?, REGISTERED_TIME=? 
where ID=?


注意:控制insert和update映射属性如下:



5.实例演示,实例只做了property的update设置,别的自己根据表格列出的属性,修改后可以很容易测试出其作用

  --------实体类

package com.lanhuigu.hibernate.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;

public class Customer implements Serializable{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -2934493050228154410L;
	
	private Long id;
	private String name;
	private String email;
	private String password;
	private int phone;
	private boolean married;
	private String address;
	private char sex;
	private String description;
	private byte[] image;
	private Date birthday;
	private Timestamp registeredTime;
	
	public Customer(){}

	public Long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}

	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

	public int getPhone() {
		return phone;
	}

	public void setPhone(int phone) {
		this.phone = phone;
	}

	public boolean isMarried() {
		return married;
	}

	public void setMarried(boolean married) {
		this.married = married;
	}

	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}

	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}

	public char getSex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(char sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}

	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}

	public void setDescription(String description) {
		this.description = description;
	}

	public byte[] getImage() {
		return image;
	}

	public void setImage(byte[] image) {
		this.image = image;
	}

	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}

	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}

	public Timestamp getRegisteredTime() {
		return registeredTime;
	}

	public void setRegisteredTime(Timestamp registeredTime) {
		this.registeredTime = registeredTime;
	}
}


 -------映射文件xxx.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 1.hibernate-mapping对象关系映射的根元素,其它元素必须嵌套在此元素内 -->
<hibernate-mapping  package="com.lanhuigu.hibernate.entity"><!-- 2.package为实体类在哪个包下 -->
		<!-- 
			3.class中name为持久化的实体类(Customer),table为映射到数据库中的表名(CUSTOMERS),
			如果没有设置table,默认类名作为表名
		-->
		<class name="Customer" table="CUSTOMERS">
			<!-- 
				4.以下配置属性解释: 
				  4.1 name为实体类属性
				  4.2 column为映射到数据库中的字段名,如果没有配置column,默认使用name属性作为映射后数据库表字段名
				  4.3 type为字段类型,如果没有设置type,映射时自动采用实体类的java类型,对应映射数据库字段类型
				  java类型映射到数据库类型参照表:
				  java类型>>>>>>>>>>数据库类型
				  string           VARCHAR
				  int              INT
				  character        CHAR
				  boolean          BIT
				  text             TEXT
				  binary           BLOB
				  date             DATE
				  timestamp        TIMESTAMP
				  4.4 not-null设置该字段是否允许为null,
				  4.5 length设置字段的长度 
		    -->
			<!-- 设置主键 -->
			<id name="id" column="ID" type="long">
				<!-- 主键生成方式-->
				<generator class="increment"/>
			</id>
			<!-- 基本属性,基本属性必须设置在主键之口-->
			<property name="name" column="NAME" type="string" length="25" not-null="true" access="property"/>
			<property name="email" column="EMAIL" type="string" not-null="true" />
			<property name="password" column="PASSWORD" type="string" not-null="true" />
			<property name="phone" column="PHONE" type="int" />
			<property name="address" update="false" column="ADDRESS" type="string" />
			<property name="sex" column="SEX" type="character" />
			<property name="married" column="IS_MARRIED" type="boolean" />
			<property name="description" column="DESCRIPTION" type="text" />
			<property name="image" column="IMAGE" type="binary" />
			<property name="birthday" column="BIRTHDAY" type="date" />
			<property name="registeredTime" column="REGISTERED_TIME" type="timestamp" />
		</class>
	
</hibernate-mapping>

-------hibernate.cfg.xml

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<!-- hibernate-configuration为hibernate配置头文件 -->
<hibernate-configuration>
	<!-- 配置session-factory,
	     SessionFactory是Hibernate的工厂类,
	              该类负责Hibernate的配置和Hiberante的Session接口中save(),update(),delete(),load(),find()的操作  
	-->
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 1.数据库连接配置 -->
		<!-- 数据库连接url -->
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://192.168.200.12:3306/hbtest</property>
		<!-- 数据库连接用户名 -->
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<!-- 数据库连接口令 -->
		<property name="connection.password">root123</property>
		<!-- 数据库连接驱动 -->
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<!-- 数据库方言 -->
		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<!-- 数据库连接池大小配置 -->
		<property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>
		
		<!-- 配置使用二级缓存的类 -->
		<property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.internal.NoCacheProvider</property>
		<!-- 一次读的数据库记录数 -->
		<property name="jdbc.fetch_size">50</property>
		<!-- 设定对数据库进行批量删除条数 -->
		<property name="jdbc.batch_size">30</property>
		
		<!-- 2.是否打印sql配置 -->
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		
		<!-- 3.对象-映射关系文件的位置 -->
		<mapping resource="com/lanhuigu/hibernate/entity/Customer.hbm.xml" />
	
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

-----设置前和设置后只需把property中的update去掉或增加,或者设置成true或false,再根据控制台打印的SQL十分清楚地看到明显的差距,效果十分明显。

package com.lanhuigu.hibernate.test;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;

import com.lanhuigu.hibernate.entity.Customer;

public class TestHibernate {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SessionFactory sessionFactory;
		Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();
		sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
		//自动建表(create)
		//SchemaExport export =  new SchemaExport(configuration);
		//export.create(true, true);
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		Transaction tr = session.beginTransaction();
		//保存(insert)
		/*Customer customer = new Customer();
		customer.setId(new Long(1));
		customer.setName("test");
		customer.setEmail("[email protected]");
		customer.setPassword("123456");
		customer.setAddress("世外桃源");
		
		session.save(customer);*/
		
		//更新(update)
		Customer customer = new Customer();
		customer.setId(new Long(1));
		customer.setName("test");
		customer.setEmail("[email protected]");
		customer.setPassword("222222");
		customer.setAddress("世外桃源");
		
		session.update(customer);
		
		//删除(delete)
		/*Customer customer = new Customer();
		customer.setId(new Long(1));
		customer.setName("test");
		customer.setEmail("[email protected]");
		customer.setPassword("222222");
		customer.setAddress("世外桃源");
		
		session.delete(customer);*/
		
		tr.commit();
		session.close();
	}
}

结果分析:

通过两种情况得到的SQL,可以清楚地看到SQL中ADDRESS=?有无区别。

注意:

1.测试前,请搭建好自己的hibernate开发环境,导入hibernate必须包和对应数据库驱动包

2.记得建表--插入数据--再做更新,避免报空指针异常或其它异常。(可以根据测试类,根据我代码注释,从建表到更新,一个代码一个代码的放开;)

3.测试更新时,记得修改映射文件xxx.hbm.xml

4.根据表格中列出的映射属性,对应修改,可以看到对应的作用结果。

 

你可能感兴趣的:(Hibernate,update,sessionFactory,insert)