运维自动化工具 Cobbler

简介：

关于操作系统安装方面的自动化，早前我们使用 RedHat 推出的 Kickstart 来批量安装操作系统，近年来 RedHat 又推出一个 Cobbler 。

Cobbler 使用 Python 开发，小巧轻便，能够完成系统安装、甚至一些服务的管理。（ 号称是补鞋匠都能学会的工具 ）

Cobbler 支持命令行管理、web 界面管理、还提供了 API 接口，以便二次开法。

## 关闭 SELinux 、iptables ！！！

一、支撑环境安装

shell > yum -y install epel-release ## 安装 epel 源

shell > yum -y install cobbler httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp pykickstart fence-agents

二、配置 Tftp 、Rsync

shell > vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no ## 原为 yes
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}

shell > vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

service rsync
{
disable = no ## 原为 yes
flags = IPv6
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/bin/rsync
server_args = --daemon
log_on_failure += USERID
}

shell > vim /etc/httpd/conf

ServerName 127.0.0.1:80

## 这个东西大家都知道。

二、配置 Cobbler

shell > openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' '123456'
$1$random-p$mzxQ/Sx848sXgvfwJCoZM0

## 生成 root 密码（ 此密码为新安装的客户机 root 密码 ）

shell > vim /etc/cobbler/settings

manage_dhcp: 1 ## 原为 0

manage_tftpd: 1

manage_rsync: 1 ## 原为 0

next_server: 192.168.214.10 ## 本机 IP

server: 192.168.214.10 ## 本机 IP

default_password_crypted: "$1$random-p$mzxQ/Sx848sXgvfwJCoZM0" ## 生成的 root 密码

三、配置 DHCP

shell > vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template ## 直接修改这个文件即可

subnet 192.168.214.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.214.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.214.100 192.168.214.120;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;

## 只修改这个区域的 IP 为合适的 IP 即可

shell > chkconfig --add httpd
shell > chkconfig --add xinetd
shell > chkconfig --add dhcpd
shell > chkconfig --add cobblerd
shell > service httpd start
正在启动 httpd：
shell > service xinetd start
正在启动 xinetd： [确定]
shell > service dhcpd start
正在启动 dhcpd： [失败]
shell > service cobblerd start
Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]

shell > cobbler check ## 检查配置
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/cobbler", line 36, in <module>
sys.exit(app.main())
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 655, in main
rc = cli.run(sys.argv)
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 270, in run
self.token = self.remote.login("", self.shared_secret)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1199, in __call__
return self.__send(self.__name, args)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1489, in __request
verbose=self.__verbose
File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1253, in request
return self._parse_response(h.getfile(), sock)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1392, in _parse_response
return u.close()
File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 838, in close
raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
xmlrpclib.Fault: <Fault 1: "<class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>:'login failed'">

shell > cobbler get-loaders （ 解决方法 ）

[shell > cobbler check ## 再次检查
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : service dhcpd is not running
2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

## 1 ：提示 dhcpd 没有运行，先不管
## 2 ：提示 debmirror 没有安装。如果不是安装 debian 之类的系统，可以忽略此提示。
（如需安装，下载地址为：http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=debmirror）

shell > cobbler sync ## 同步操作
task started: 2015-05-27_010456_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Wed May 27 01:04:56 2015)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub
mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x
mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/ppc
mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/etc
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
rendering Rsync files
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 正在启动 dhcpd：[确定]

received on stderr:
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

shell > service xinetd restart
停止 xinetd： [确定]
正在启动 xinetd： [确定]
shell > service cobblerd restart
Stopping cobbler daemon: [确定]
Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]

三、导入安装源

shell > mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/

shell > cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --arch=x86_64 --name=Centos-6.6-minimal

## 输出信息略（Cobbler 将镜像拷贝一份放在 /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 目录下）
（同时会创建一个名为 Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 的发布版本及 profile 文件）

shell > cobbler list
distros:
Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64

profiles:
Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:

四、创建 ks 文件

shell > vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-6.6_minimal-x86_64.ks

# platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T
# version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use network installation
url --url="http://192.168.214.10/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-6.6-minimal-x84_64/"
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$hk0MvN4A$Dz.sYvyDjac1.cMVTk9270
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang zh_CN
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone --isUtc Asia/Shanghai
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=1024
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1

## 这是我安装了 system-config-kickstart 在图形界面生成的 ks 文件。
## 看到第一行注释行中有一个汉字了吗？就是这个汉字让我卡了两天...（ 文件中不要有汉字 ）

五、关联 ks 文件

shell > cobbler distro list
Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64

## 有一个镜像

shell > cobbler profile report --name Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64
Name : Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm

## 看到这个镜像默认使用的 ks 文件为 /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks

shell > cobbler profile add --name=Centos-6.6-minimal --distro=Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-6.6_minimal-x86_64.ks

## 关联后，再次查看是否关联成功

shell > cobbler profile report --name Centos-6.6-minimal
Name : Centos-6.6-minimal
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-6.6_minimal-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : xenpv

## 已经关联成功 ！

shell > cobbler --help
usage
=====
cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ...
[add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help]
cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|get-loaders|hardlink> [options|--help]

shell > cobbler profile --help
usage
=====
cobbler profile add
cobbler profile copy
cobbler profile dumpvars
cobbler profile edit
cobbler profile find
cobbler profile getks
cobbler profile list
cobbler profile remove
cobbler profile rename
cobbler profile report

## 它有多种方法，添加、编辑、移除等等（ 用到时，请自己琢磨 ）。

shell > cobbler sync

## 同步一下配置，客户端开机测试

## 从网络引导进入后，会有一个选择列表，选择要安装 profile ，就可以自动完成安装。

## 修改 ks.cfg 文件后，不需要 sync 就可以直接生效！

## 如果不想关闭防火墙，那么请打开 TCP ( 69、80、25151 ) 端口。

## 遇到问题仔细观察，ks.cfg 中一定不能有中文，注释行也不可以！