[MSSQL]系统管理常用语句

(1)@@S

 SELECT @@CONNECTIONS AS TotalConnections ,@@TIMETICKS AS TimeTicks ,@@CPU_BUSY AS TotalCPUBusyTime ,@@IDLE AS TotalCPUIdleTime ,@@IO_BUSY AS TotalIOBusyTime ,@@PACK_RECEIVED AS TotalReceivedPackets ,@@PACK_SENT AS TotalSentPackets ,@@PACKET_ERRORS AS TotalErrorsInNetworkPackets ,@@TOTAL_READ AS TotalPhysicalReadOperations ,@@TOTAL_WRITE AS TotalWriteOperations ,@@TOTAL_ERRORS AS TotalReadWriteErrors

(2)cputime

--必须在master下执行
SELECT total_cpu_time, total_execution_count, number_of_statements, s2.text FROM (SELECT TOP 50 SUM(qs.total_worker_time) AS total_cpu_time, SUM(qs.execution_count) AS total_execution_count, COUNT(*) AS number_of_statements, qs.sql_handle FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs GROUP BY qs.sql_handle ORDER BY SUM(qs.total_worker_time) DESC) AS stats CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(stats.sql_handle) AS s2 二、 select highest_cpu_queries.plan_handle, highest_cpu_queries.total_worker_time, q.dbid, q.objectid, q.number, q.encrypted, q.[text] from (select top 50 qs.plan_handle, qs.total_worker_time from sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs order by qs.total_worker_time desc) as highest_cpu_queries cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(plan_handle) as q order by highest_cpu_queries.total_worker_time desc

(3)IO情况

select 
b.name,
c.name ,
c.physical_name,a.num_of_bytes_read,
a.num_of_bytes_written,
a.io_stall_read_ms,a.io_stall_write_ms,
a.io_stall 

from sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats (null,null) as a ,
sys.databases b, sys.master_files c 
where a.database_id=b.database_id and a.file_id =c.file_id
and a.database_id=c.database_id 

--挂起的IO请求。
select database_id,file_id,
io_stall,io_pending_ms_ticks,
scheduler_address from sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(null,null) t1,
sys.dm_io_pending_io_requests t2
where t1.file_handle =t2.io_handle


如果是SQLServer 2005以上的版本。
可以从sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats查看各个数据库的文件的读写情况。
但是只是保存自上次实例启动之后的统计信息。

select * from sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(null,null)

(4)sp_who_lock

create procedure sp_who_lock as begin declare @spid int,@bl int, @intTransactionCountOnEntry int, @intRowcount int, @intCountProperties int, @intCounter int create table #tmp_lock_who ( id int identity(1,1), spid smallint, bl smallint) IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR insert into #tmp_lock_who(spid,bl) select 0 ,blocked from (select * from sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) a where not exists(select * from (select * from sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) b where a.blocked=spid) union select spid,blocked from sysprocesses where blocked>0 IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR -- 找到临时表的记录数 select @intCountProperties = Count(*),@intCounter = 1 from #tmp_lock_who IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR if @intCountProperties=0 select '现在没有阻塞和死锁信息' as message -- 循环开始 while @intCounter <= @intCountProperties begin -- 取第一条记录 select @spid = spid,@bl = bl from #tmp_lock_who where Id = @intCounter begin if @spid =0 select '引起数据库死锁的是: '+ CAST(@bl AS VARCHAR(10)) + '进程号,其执行的SQL语法如下' else select '进程号SPID：'+ CAST(@spid AS VARCHAR(10))+ '被' + '进程号SPID：'+ CAST(@bl AS VARCHAR(10)) +'阻塞,其当前进程执行的SQL语法如下' DBCC INPUTBUFFER (@bl ) end -- 循环指针下移 set @intCounter = @intCounter + 1 end drop table #tmp_lock_who return 0 end 

(5)sp_who3

SELECT dess.session_id AS [SPID], CASE der.status WHEN 'background' THEN 'BACKGROUND' ELSE der.status END AS 'Status', CONVERT(varchar(32),dess.original_login_name) AS [Login], ISNULL(dess.host_name,'.') AS [HostName],CASE CONVERT(varchar(12),der.blocking_session_id) WHEN '0' THEN '.' ELSE CONVERT(varchar(12),der.blocking_session_id) END AS BlkBy,DB_NAME(der.database_id) AS DBName, der.command AS 'Command',der.cpu_time AS [CPUTime],der.logical_reads AS [DiskIO],dess.last_request_start_time AS [LastBatch],ISNULL(dess.program_name,'') AS [ProgramName],ISNULL(dest.text,'') AS 'CurrentQuery', ISNULL(deqp.query_plan,'') AS 'CurrentPlan',rgwg.name AS [ResourceWorkgroupName] FROM sys.dm_exec_requests der INNER JOIN sys.resource_governor_workload_groups rgwg ON der.group_id = rgwg.group_id INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions dess ON der.session_id = dess.session_id OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(der.sql_handle) dest OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(der.plan_handle) deqp

(6)sqlserver2008 查看内存占用

select 
     type, sum(multi_pages_kb) as [KB]
 from 
     sys.dm_os_memory_clerks 
 where 
     multi_pages_kb != 0 
 group by type
 order by 2 desc

(7)sqlserver2008表描述

SELECT 表名=case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end, 表说明=case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value,'') else '' end, 字段序号=a.colorder, 字段名=a.name, 标识=case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else '' end, 主键=case when exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects where xtype='PK' and name in ( SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in( SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid ))) then '√' else '' end, 类型=b.name, 占用字节数=a.length, 长度=COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION'), 小数位数=isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0), 允许空=case when a.isnullable=1 then '√'else '' end, 默认值=isnull(e.text,''), 字段说明=isnull(g.[value],'') FROM syscolumns a left join systypes b on a.xusertype=b.xusertype inner join sysobjects d on a.id=d.id and d.xtype='U' and d.name<>'dtproperties' left join syscomments e on a.cdefault=e.id left join sys.extended_properties g on a.id=g.major_id and a.colid=g.minor_id left join sys.extended_properties f on d.id=f.major_id and f.minor_id=0 --where d.name='orders' --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件 order by a.id,a.colorder

(8)sqlserver查看阻塞

SELECT blocked_query.session_id AS blocked_session_id, blocking_query.session_id AS blocking_session_id, blocking_sql_text.text AS blocking_sql_text, blocked_sql_text.text AS blocked_sql_text, waits.wait_type AS blocking_resource, blocked_query.command AS blocked_command, blocking_query.command AS blocking_command, blocked_query.wait_type AS blocked_wait_type, blocked_query.wait_time AS blocked_wait_time, blocking_query.total_elapsed_time AS blocking_elapsed_time, GETDATE() FROM sys.dm_exec_requests blocked_query JOIN sys.dm_exec_requests blocking_query ON blocked_query.blocking_session_id = blocking_query.session_id CROSS APPLY ( SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_sql_text(blocking_query.sql_handle) ) blocking_sql_text CROSS APPLY ( SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_sql_text(blocked_query.sql_handle) ) blocked_sql_text JOIN sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks waits ON waits.session_id = blocking_query.session_id 

(9)sqlserver查看作业状态

SELECT [sJOB].[job_id] AS [作业ID] , [sJOB].[name] AS [作业名] , CASE WHEN [sJOBH].[run_date] IS NULL OR [sJOBH].[run_time] IS NULL THEN NULL ELSE CAST(CAST([sJOBH].[run_date] AS CHAR(8)) + ' ' + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000' + CAST([sJOBH].[run_time] AS VARCHAR(6)), 6), 3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':') AS DATETIME) END AS [最近执行时间] , CASE [sJOBH].[run_status] WHEN 0 THEN '失败' WHEN 1 THEN '成功' WHEN 2 THEN '重试' WHEN 3 THEN '取消' WHEN 4 THEN '正在运行' -- In Progress END AS [最近执行状态] , STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000' + CAST([sJOBH].[run_duration] AS VARCHAR(6)), 6), 3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':') AS [LastRunDuration (HH:MM:SS)] , [sJOBH].[message] AS [最近运行状态信息] , CASE [sJOBSCH].[NextRunDate] WHEN 0 THEN NULL ELSE CAST(CAST([sJOBSCH].[NextRunDate] AS CHAR(8)) + ' ' + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000' + CAST([sJOBSCH].[NextRunTime] AS VARCHAR(6)), 6), 3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':') AS DATETIME) END AS [下次运行时间] FROM [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobs] AS [sJOB] LEFT JOIN ( SELECT [job_id] , MIN([next_run_date]) AS [NextRunDate] , MIN([next_run_time]) AS [NextRunTime] FROM [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobschedules] GROUP BY [job_id] ) AS [sJOBSCH] ON [sJOB].[job_id] = [sJOBSCH].[job_id] LEFT JOIN ( SELECT [job_id] , [run_date] , [run_time] , [run_status] , [run_duration] , [message] , ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY [job_id] ORDER BY [run_date] DESC, [run_time] DESC ) AS RowNumber FROM [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobhistory] WHERE [step_id] = 0 ) AS [sJOBH] ON [sJOB].[job_id] = [sJOBH].[job_id] AND [sJOBH].[RowNumber] = 1 ORDER BY [作业名] 

(10)sqlserver紧急状态

EXEC sp_configure 'allow updates', 1     --指定可以直接更新系统表 
go
reconfigure with override     --如果配置不需要重启服务，则配置值直接,改运行值
go                                           
use master
go
update sysdatabases set status = 32768 --该参数为置为紧急状态 where name = 'AIS20051209164544' go EXEC sp_configure 'allow updates', 0 go reconfigure with override 然后重建LDF dbcc rebuild_log( 'AIS20051209164544', 'E:\K3data\mrp\AIS20051209164544_Log.LDF') 五、运行以下语句，就可以把数据库的状态还原： update sysdatabases set status=28 where name='AIS20051209164544' EXEC sp_configure 'allow updates',0 reconfigure with override Go

(11)查出走全表扫描最频繁的TOP20表

----- 查出走全表扫描最频繁的TOP20表
select top 20 db_name(a.database_id) database_name,object_name(a.object_id) table_name,b.name index_name,a.user_seeks,a.user_scans,a.last_user_seek,a.last_user_scan from sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats a inner join sys.indexes b on a.object_id=b.object_id and a.index_id=b.index_id order by user_scans desc ----查出缺失的索引的表和字段 SELECT mig.*, statement AS table_name, column_id, column_name, column_usage FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_details AS mid CROSS APPLY sys.dm_db_missing_index_columns (mid.index_handle) INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups AS mig ON mig.index_handle = mid.index_handle ORDER BY mig.index_group_handle, mig.index_handle, column_id;

(12)查看sql启动以来执行耗时top语句

SELECT  creation_time  N'语句编译时间'
         ,last_execution_time  N'上次执行时间'
         ,total_physical_reads N'物理读取总次数'
         ,total_logical_reads/execution_count N'每次逻辑读次数'
         ,total_logical_reads  N'逻辑读取总次数'
         ,total_logical_writes N'逻辑写入总次数'
         , execution_count  N'执行次数'
         , total_worker_time/1000 N'所用的CPU总时间ms'
         , total_elapsed_time/1000  N'总花费时间ms'
         , (total_elapsed_time / execution_count)/1000  N'平均时间ms'
         ,SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1,
          ((CASE statement_end_offset 
           WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)
           ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END 
             - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) N'执行语句'
 FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs
 CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st
 where SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1,
          ((CASE statement_end_offset 
           WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)
           ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END 
             - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) not like '%fetch%'
 ORDER BY  total_elapsed_time / execution_count DESC;

(13)查看磁盘情况1

USE master

GO

SET NOCOUNT ON --===================public variables declare @db_name sysname ,@drive sysname ;

select @db_name = NULL --NULL: all databases ,@drive = 'D' --NULL:all drives ;

--================end public variables


--===================private variables

declare

        @sql nvarchar(max)

        ,@exec_sql nvarchar(max)

        ,@database_name sysname

        ,@reservedpages int

;

select @sql = N' select @reservedpages = sum(a.total_pages) from sys.partitions p WITH(NOLOCK) inner join sys.allocation_units a WITH(NOLOCK) on p.partition_id = a.container_id' ,@database_name = N'' ,@exec_sql = N'' ,@reservedpages = 0 ;

--================end private variables


--================for reserved pages saving

declare

        @tb_database_reservedpages table

(

        id int identity(1,1) not null PRIMARY key

        ,database_id int null

        ,database_name sysname null

        ,reservedpages int null

);


DECLARE

        @tb_dbSize TABLE

(

id int identity(1,1) not null PRIMARY key

,size int null

,name sysname null

,database_id int null

,type bit null 
,on_drive char(1) null

,f_name sysname null

);


--size = 8K

INSERT INTO @tb_dbSize SELECT F.size ,DB.name ,F.database_id ,F.type ,left(F.physical_name,1) ,F.name AS f_name FROM sys.master_files AS F WITH (NOLOCK) INNER JOIN sys.databases AS DB WITH (NOLOCK) ON F.database_id = DB.database_id --==============================================all database reservedpages generation declare cur_database cursor local static forward_only read_only for select name from sys.databases with(nolock) --==============you can filter the system database or not --where name not in( --'master' --,'tempdb' --,'model' --,'msdb' --,'distribution' --);


open cur_database

fetch next from cur_database into @database_name


while(@@FETCH_STATUS = 0)

begin SET @exec_sql = N'USE ' + QUOTENAME(@database_name) + ';' + @sql;


        exec sys.sp_executesql @exec_sql

                                                        ,N'@reservedpages int output'

                                                        ,@reservedpages = @reservedpages output



        insert into @tb_database_reservedpages select db_id(@database_name),@database_name,@reservedpages;


        fetch next from cur_database into @database_name

end;


close cur_database

deallocate cur_database


--select * from @tb_database_reservedpages

--============================================end all database reservedpages generation


--====================all database size statistics

;WITH dbSize--type = 0

AS

(

SELECT database_name = name, database_id, on_drive, fileSize = sum(size)--*8./1024. FROM @tb_dbSize WHERE type = 0 GROUP BY name,database_id,on_drive ) ,logSize--type = 1 AS ( SELECT database_name = name, database_id, on_drive, fileSize = sum(size)--*8./1024. FROM @tb_dbSize WHERE type = 1 GROUP BY name,database_id,on_drive ) ,Size AS ( SELECT database_name = name, database_id, dbSize = sum(size)--*8./1024. FROM @tb_dbSize GROUP BY name,database_id ) SELECT server_name = @@SERVERNAME ,A.database_name ,[dbSize(MB)] = S.dbSize * 8./1024. ,[dataSize(MB)] = A.fileSize * 8./1024. ,[unallocatedSize(MB)] = ltrim(str((case when A.fileSize/*@dbsize*/ >= rvp.reservedpages/*@reservedpages*/ then (convert (dec (15,2),A.fileSize/*@dbsize*/) - convert (dec (15,2),rvp.reservedpages/*@reservedpages*/)) * 8192 / 1048576 else 0 end),15,2) + ' MB') ,data_Drive = A.on_drive ,[logSize(MB)] = B.fileSize * 8./1024. ,log_Drive = B.on_drive FROM dbSize AS A INNER JOIN logSize AS B ON A.database_id = B.database_id INNER JOIN Size AS S ON A.database_id = S.database_id INNER JOIN @tb_database_reservedpages AS rvp ON A.database_id = rvp.database_id WHERE A.database_name = ISNULL(@db_name,A.database_name) AND (A.on_drive = ISNULL(@drive,A.on_drive) OR B.on_drive= ISNULL(@drive,B.on_drive) )ORDER BY S.dbSize DESC --=================end all database size statistics --====================instance summary ;WITH DATA

AS

(select Size = cast(sum(size)*8./1024./1024. AS decimal(9,2)) ,type FROM @tb_dbSize GROUP BY type ) SELECT server_name = @@SERVERNAME ,[0] + [1] AS [dbSize(GB)] ,[0] AS [dataSize(GB)] ,[1] AS [logSize(GB)] FROM ( SELECT * FROM DATA ) AS A PIVOT ( sum(size) FOR type in([0],[1]) ) AS B --=================end instance summary

(14)查看磁盘情况2

USE master

GO


declare

@drive sysname

;

select @drive = NULL --null: all the drives ;


if OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#Disk','u') is not null

drop table #Disk CREATE TABLE #Disk ( driver char(1) ,freespace nvarchar(255) ,totalspace nvarchar(255) ,freeprecent nvarchar(5) ) DECLARE @TotalDisk TABLE ( t nvarchar(100) ) DECLARE @driver nvarchar(5) ,@totalsize nvarchar(50) ; 
INSERT INTO #Disk ( driver ,freespace ) EXEC master.sys.xp_fixeddrives --------============open xp_cmdshell IF EXISTS ( SELECT TOP 1 * FROM sys.configurations WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE name='xp_cmdshell' and value=0) BEGIN EXEC master.dbo.sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1 RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE EXEC master.dbo.sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1 RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE END --------============end open xp_cmdshell DECLARE disk_cur CURSOR LOCAL STATIC FORWARD_ONLY READ_ONLY FOR SELECT driver FROM #Disk OPEN disk_cur FETCH NEXT FROM disk_cur INTO @driver WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0 BEGIN INSERT INTO @TotalDisk EXEC('xp_cmdshell ''wmic LogicalDisk WHERE "Caption='''''+@driver+':''''" GET FreeSpace ,SIZE /VALUE''' ) SELECT @totalsize=t FROM @TotalDisk WHERE t LIKE 'Size%' if(@totalsize is not null and LEN(@totalsize)>4) BEGIN SET @totalsize=REPLACE(SUBSTRING(@totalsize,CHARINDEX('=',@totalsize)+1,LEN(@totalsize)-CHARINDEX('=',@totalsize)-1),' ','') SET @totalsize=cast(cast(RTRIM(@totalsize) as bigint)/1024/1024 as nvarchar(50)) UPDATE #Disk SET totalspace=@totalsize ,freeprecent=CAST(CAST(freespace AS bigint)*1.0/CAST(@totalsize AS bigint)*100 AS decimal(5,2)) WHERE driver=@driver END FETCH NEXT FROM disk_cur INTO @driver END close disk_cur deallocate disk_cur ---==============query summary SELECT GETDATE() datetime ,driver ,[freespace(GB)] = cast(freespace as decimal(10,2))/1024. ,[totalspace(GB)] = cast(totalspace as decimal(10,2))/1024. ,[freeprecent(%)]= freeprecent FROM #Disk WHERE driver = ISNULL(@drive,driver);


if OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#Disk','u') is not null

drop table #Disk GO

(15)查看所有进程所执行的slq

CREATE TABLE #spids( i INT, spid INT);
CREATE TABLE #dbcc( i INT IDENTITY(1,1), EventType NVARCHAR(255), Parameters NVARCHAR(4000), EventInfo NVARCHAR(4000));
 DECLARE @spid INT, 
 @sql NVARCHAR(255);
 SET @sql = N'DBCC INPUTBUFFER(@spid);';
 DECLARE c CURSOR   LOCAL STATIC FORWARD_ONLY READ_ONLY    FOR    
   -- substitute your own query to determine SPIDs to check: 
       SELECT session_id FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WHERE is_user_process = 1;OPEN c;FETCH NEXT FROM c INTO 
         @spid;WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0BEGIN   
         INSERT #dbcc(EventType, [Parameters], EventInfo) EXEC sp_executesql @sql, N'@spid INT', @spid;  
              INSERT #spids SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY(), @spid;  
               FETCH NEXT FROM c INTO @spid;END CLOSE c;DEALLOCATE c;
               SELECT s.spid, d.EventInfo FROM #spids AS s INNER JOIN #dbcc AS d ON s.i = d.i ORDER BY s.spid;
                DROP TABLE #spids, #dbcc;

(16)查看索引碎片

SELECT schema_name(T.schema_id) AS Schema_Name,T.Name AS Table_Name,I.name AS Index_Name, I.type AS Index_Type,D.avg_fragmentation_in_percent AS avg_fragmentation_in_percent FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(DB_id('zdlzydb'),null, null, null, null) AS D INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS I WITH(NOLOCK) ON D.index_id=I.index_id AND D.object_id=I.object_id INNER JOIN sys.tables AS T WITH(NOLOCK) ON T.object_id=D.object_id WHERE I.type>0 AND T.is_ms_shipped=0 AND D.avg_fragmentation_in_percent>=30 order by D.avg_fragmentation_in_percent desc

(17)查找连续7天登录

问如何查询出所有在某一段时间内（如：2012-1-1至2012-1-17)连续7天都有登录的用户。

SELECT uid FROM( SELECT count(login_time) as login_count, uid FROM (SELECT date(login_time) login_time, uid FROM tmp_test WHERE login_time>='2012-01-01 00:00:00' AND login_time <'2012-01-18 00:00:00' GROUP BY uid, date(login_time) ORDER BY uid, date(login_time) ) x GROUP BY uid ) x WHERE login_count=7;