Oracle/PLSQL: 主键(Primary Key)用法
通过示例讲解如何创建、删除、禁用和开启主键。
在Oracle中,主键指能唯一标识一条记录的单个数据表列或联合的数据表列(联合主键|复合主键)。主键用到的数据表列数据不能包含空值。而且,一张表只能包含一个主键。
说明:在Oracle数据库中,联合主键的列不能超过32个。主键可以在创建表时定义或者通过ALTER TABLE语法定义。
单列主键示例:
CREATE TABLE TB_PK_EXAMPLE ( ID number, NAME varchar2(50), DESCRIPTION varchar2(300), CONSTRAINT TB_PK_EXAMPLE_PK PRIMARY KEY(ID)--定义主键 );
CREATE TABLE TB_SUPPLIER_EX ( supplier_id number, supplier_name varchar2(50), supplier_description varchar2(300), contact_name varchar2(50), constraint TB_SUPPLIER_EX_PK primary key(supplier_id, supplier_name)--联合主键 );
语法
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name PRIMARY KEY (col1, col2,...coln);
示例准备
先创建两张表(tb_employees和tb_departments),脚本如下:
create table tb_employees ( employee_id number, employee_name varchar2(50), employee_age number, employee_birth date, department_id number ); create table tb_departments ( department_id number, department_name varchar2(100), location varchar2(300) );
--单列主键 alter table tb_employees add constraint tb_employees_pk primary key (employee_id); --联合主键 alter table tb_departments add constraint tb_departments_pk primary key (department_id,department_name);
语法:
ALTER TABLE table_name DISABLE CONSTRAINT constraint_name;示例:
alter table tb_employees disable constraint tb_employees_pk;
语法:
ALTER TABLE table_name ENABLE CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
示例:
alter table tb_employees enable constraint tb_employees_pk;
语法:
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
示例:
alter table tb_employees drop constraint tb_employees_pk; alter table tb_departments drop constraint tb_departments_pk; alter table TB_PK_EXAMPLE drop constraint TB_PK_EXAMPLE_PK; alter table TB_SUPPLIER_EX drop constraint TB_SUPPLIER_EX_PK;
如果您们在尝试的过程中遇到什么问题或者我的代码有错误的地方,请给予指正,非常感谢!
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