在Spring框架中使用JMS传递消息有两种方式:JMS template和message listener container,前者用于同步收发消息,后者用于异步收发消息。
1. JMS template综述
使用JmsTemplate收发消息可以显著减少开发的精力投入。使用JmsTemplate时,不需要费心考虑连接到JMS provider(如ActiveMQ),建立JMS Session(如QueueSession),建立消息生产者(如QueueSender),甚至不用新建一个JMS消息(如TextMessage)。JmsTemplate能够自动将各种类型如String、Byte[]等转换为响应的JMS消息对象类型,当然也可以自己写Converter转换复杂的消息。
JmsTemplate常用的方法有send、convertAndSend、receive和convertAndReceive。
2. 详细步骤
下面通过一个例子详细讲解使用JmsTemplate同步收发消息。
(1) 环境
JMS1.1;apache-activemq-5.4.0;Spring-2.5.4;JDK-1.5;myeclipse7.5
(2) 源代码(Java Project)
i) 结构
ii) 源代码
.classpath:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <classpath> <classpathentry kind="src" path="src/main/java" /> <classpathentry kind="src" path="src/main/resources" /> <classpathentry exported="true" kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER" /> <classpathentry exported="true" kind="lib" path="lib/jms-1.1.jar" /> <classpathentry exported="true" kind="lib" path="lib/spring.jar" /> <classpathentry exported="true" kind="lib" path="lib/activemq-all-5.4.0.jar" /> <classpathentry kind="output" path="bin" /> </classpath>
java.naming.factory.initial = org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory java.naming.provider.url = tcp://localhost:61616 java.naming.security.principal=system java.naming.security.credentials=manager connectionFactoryNames = QueueCF queue.queue1 = jms.queue1app-context.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jms="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans spring-beans-2.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="jndiTemplate" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate"> <property name="environment"> <props> <prop key="java.naming.factory.initial"> org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory </prop> <prop key="java.naming.provider.url">tcp://localhost:61616</prop> <prop key="java.naming.security.principal">system</prop> <prop key="java.naming.security.credentials">manager</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="jndiQueueConnectionFactory" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean"> <property name="jndiTemplate" ref="jndiTemplate" /> <property name="jndiName" value="QueueCF" /> </bean> <bean id="queueConnectionFactory" class="org.springframework.jms.connection.CachingConnectionFactory"> <property name="targetConnectionFactory" ref="jndiQueueConnectionFactory" /> <property name="sessionCacheSize" value="1" /> </bean> <bean id="queueDestination" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean"> <property name="jndiTemplate" ref="jndiTemplate" /> <property name="jndiName" value="queue1" /> </bean> <bean id="jmsTemplate" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate"> <property name="connectionFactory" ref="queueConnectionFactory" /> <property name="defaultDestinationName" value="queue1" /> <property name="pubSubDomain" value="false" /> </bean> <bean id="jmsSender" class="com.jms.client.JMSSender"> <property name="jmsTemplate" ref="jmsTemplate" /> <property name="queueName" value="queue1" /> </bean> </beans>JMSReceiverSync.java:
package com.tjl.test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate; public class JMSReceiverSync { public static void main(String[] args) { try { ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "app-context.xml"); JmsTemplate jmsTemplate = (JmsTemplate) ctx.getBean("jmsTemplate"); int counter = 0; while (counter < 10) { Object msg = jmsTemplate.receiveAndConvert(); if (msg instanceof String) { System.out.println("Received: " + msg); } counter++; } System.exit(0); } catch (Exception up) { up.printStackTrace(); } } }
package com.tjl.test; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; import org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate; import org.springframework.jms.core.MessageCreator; public class JMSSender { public void sendMessage() throws Exception { MessageCreator msg = new MessageCreator() { public Message createMessage(Session session) throws JMSException { TextMessage msg = session.createTextMessage("TEST 1"); return msg; } }; jmsTemplate.send(queueName, msg); System.out.println("Message Sent..."); } public JmsTemplate jmsTemplate = null; public String queueName = null; public void setJmsTemplate(JmsTemplate jmsTemplate) { this.jmsTemplate = jmsTemplate; } public void setQueueName(String queueName) { this.queueName = queueName; } }
package com.tjl.test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class JMSSenderApp { public static void main(String[] args) { try { ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "app-context.xml"); JMSSender jmsSender = (JMSSender) ctx.getBean("jmsSender"); jmsSender.sendMessage(); System.exit(0); } catch (Exception exception) { exception.printStackTrace(); } } }
(3) 说明
可以看到,用JmsTemplate收发消息非常简单,因为JmsTemplate几乎帮我们做了大多数的工作,相关关系如下图所示(可结合app-context.xml理解):
3. 疑惑
明明用app-context.xml就包含所有的上下文信息了,可是删掉jndi.properties依然会出错。