两个类之间存在三种关系:
class Manager extends Employee{ ...... }
//重写getSalary方法 public double getSalary(){ double baseSalary = super.getSalary();//调用了超类的getSalary方法 return baseSalary + bonus; }子类重写了getSalary()方法,也调用了超类的同名方法。
class Employee{ ...... public final String getName(){ return name; } ...... } final class Manager extends Employee{ ...... }如上例中,Manager类不可以再被继承了,而getName方法也不可被子类重写。
Manager man = (Manager)staff[1];
package com.xujin; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Employee[] staff = new Employee[3]; staff[0] = new Employee("Bob", 1000); staff[1] = new Manager("Jim", 5000, 1000); staff[2] = new Boss("Alice", 7000, 1000, 10000); for(Employee e : staff) System.out.println("class name:" + e.getClass().getName() + "\tid:" + e.getId() + "\tname:" + e.getName() + "\tsalary:" + e.getSalary()); Manager man = (Manager)staff[1]; Boss boss = (Boss)staff[2]; System.out.println(man.getBonus());//类型转换后就可以使用实际类型的全部功能 System.out.println(boss.getAward()); //ClassCastException异常,不允许进行继承链上的从上到下的转换 //Boss myBoss = (Boss)staff[0]; //把instaceof运算符和类型转换组合起来,避免异常 if(staff[0] instanceof Boss){ System.out.println("staff[0] is a instace of Boss"); Boss myBoss = (Boss) staff[0]; } else System.out.println("staff[0] isn't a instace of Boss"); if(staff[2] instanceof Boss){ System.out.println("staff[2] is a instace of Boss"); } else System.out.println("staff[2] isn't a instace of Boss"); } } class Employee{ public Employee(String name){ this.name = name; id = nextId; nextId++; } public Employee(String name, double salary){ this(name);//调用另一构造器 this.salary = salary; } //定义访问器方法 public final String getName(){ return name; } public double getSalary(){ return salary; } public final int getId(){ return id; } //定义更改器方法 public final void setName(String name){ this.name = name; } public final void setSalary(double salary){ this.salary = salary; } public final void raiseSalary(double percent){ this.salary *= (1 + percent); } //定义变量 private String name = "";//实例域初始化 private double salary; private int id; private static int nextId = 1; } class Manager extends Employee{ public Manager(String name, double salary, double bonus){ super(name, salary);//super在构造器中的使用,可以调用超类的构造器 setBonus(bonus); } public double getBonus(){ return bonus; } //重写getSalary方法 public double getSalary(){ double baseSalary = super.getSalary();//调用了超类的getSalary方法 return baseSalary + bonus; } public void setBonus(double bonus){ this.bonus = bonus; } private double bonus; } final class Boss extends Manager{ public Boss(String name, double salary, double bonus, double award){ super(name, salary, bonus); this.award = award; } //重写getSalary方法 public double getSalary(){ double baseSalary = super.getSalary();//调用了超类的getSalary方法 return baseSalary + award; } public double getAward(){ return award; } private double award; }
Person p = new Student("joun", 17, 6000);这里p是一个person类型的变量,但是它引用了Student类型的实例。
package com.xujin; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Person[] people = new Person[2]; people[0] = new Employee("Bod", 34, 5000); people[1] = new Student("Joun", 17, 6000); for(Person p: people){ System.out.print( "Name:" + p.getName() + "\tAge:" + p.getAge() + "\tDescription:" + p.getDescription() + "\t"); if(p instanceof Employee){ System.out.println(((Employee) p).getFee()); } else if(p instanceof Student) System.out.println(((Student) p).getFee()); } } } abstract class Person{ public Person(String name, int age){ this.name = name; this.age = age; } public abstract String getDescription(); public final String getName(){ return this.name; } public final void setName(String name){ this.name = name; } public final int getAge(){ return this.age; } public final void setAge(int age){ this.age = age; } private String name; private int age; } class Employee extends Person{ public Employee(String name, int age, double fee){ super(name, age); id = nextId; nextId++; this.fee = fee; } //定义Person抽象类的抽象方法 public String getDescription(){ return "This is an employee. class name:" + this.getClass().getName(); } //定义访问器方法 public double getFee(){ return fee * 2; } public final int getId(){ return id; } //定义更改器方法 public final void setFee(double salary){ this.fee = fee; } //定义变量 private double fee; private int id; private static int nextId = 1; } class Student extends Person{ public Student(String name, int age, double fee){ super(name, age); this.fee = fee; } public String getDescription(){ return "This is a student. class name:" + this.getClass().getName(); } public double getFee(){ return this.fee; } public void setFee(double fee){ this.fee = fee; } private double fee; }