WebSocket协议详解

Websocket协议详解

关于websocket的协议是用来干嘛的,请参考其他文章。

WebSocket关键词

HTML5协议,实时,全双工通信,长连接

WebSocket比传统Http的好处

  • 客户端与服务端只建立一个TCP连接,可以使用更少的连接
  • WebSocket的服务端可以将数据推送到客户端,如实时将证券信息反馈到客户端(这个很关键),实时天气数据,比http请求响应模式更灵活
  • 更轻量的协议头,减少数据传送量

数据帧格式

下图为手工打造的数据帧格式



/** * fin |masked | | * srv1 | length | | * srv2 | (7bit |mask数据 |payload * srv3 | 7+2字节 | 4字节 |真实数据 opcode | 7+64字节 | | *(4bit) */ 

作以下说明:

  1. 前8个bit(一个字节)
    —fin: 是否数据发送完成,为1发送完成为0发送未完。
    —srv1,srv2,srv3:留作后用
    —opcode:数据类型操作码,4bit表示,其中
    TEXT: 1, text类型的字符串
    BINARY: 2,二进制数据,通常用来保存图片
    CLOSE: 8,关闭连接的数据帧。
    PING: 9, 心跳检测。ping
    PONG: 10,心跳检测。pong

var events = require('events');
var http = require('http');
var crypto = require('crypto');
var util = require('util');

/** * 数据类型操作码 TEXT 字符串 * BINARY 二进制数据 常用来保存照片 * PING,PONG 用作心跳检测 * CLOSE 关闭连接的数据帧 (有很多关闭连接的代码 1001,1009,1007,1002) */
var opcodes = {
    TEXT: 1,
    BINARY: 2,
    CLOSE: 8,
    PING: 9,
    PONG: 10
};
var WebSocketConnection = function (req, socket, upgradeHead) {
 "use strict";
    var self = this;

    var key = hashWebSocketKey(req.headers['sec-websocket-key']);
    /** * 写头 */
    socket.write('HTTP/1.1 101 Web Socket Protocol Handshake \r\n' +
        "Upgrade:WebSocket\r\n" +
        "Connection : Upgrade\r\n" +
        "sec-websocket-accept: " + key + '\r\n\r\n');

    /** * 接收数据 */
    socket.on('data', function (buf) {
        self.buffer = Buffer.concat([self.buffer, buf]);
        while (self._processBuffer()) {

        }
    });
    socket.on('close', function (had_error) {
        if (!self.closed) {
            self.emit("close", 1006);
            self.closed = true;
        }
    });
    this.socket = socket;
    this.buffer = new Buffer(0);
    this.closed = false;

};

//websocket连接继承事件
util.inherits(WebSocketConnection, events.EventEmitter);

/* 发送数据函数 * */
WebSocketConnection.prototype.send = function (obj) {
 "use strict";
    var opcode;
    var payload;
    if (Buffer.isBuffer(obj)) {
        opcode = opcodes.BINARY;
        payload = obj;
    } else if (typeof obj) {
        opcode = opcodes.TEXT;
        //创造一个utf8的编码 可以被编码为字符串
        payload = new Buffer(obj, 'utf8');
    } else {
        throw new Error('cannot send object.Must be string of Buffer');
    }

    this._doSend(opcode, payload);
};
/* 关闭连接函数 * */
WebSocketConnection.prototype.close = function (code, reason) {
 "use strict";
    var opcode = opcodes.CLOSE;
    var buffer;
    if (code) {
        buffer = new Buffer(Buffer.byteLength(reason) + 2);
        buffer.writeUInt16BE(code, 0);
        buffer.write(reason, 2);
    } else {
        buffer = new Buffer(0);
    }
    this._doSend(opcode, buffer);
    this.closed = true;
};

WebSocketConnection.prototype._processBuffer = function () {
 "use strict";
    var buf = this.buffer;
    if (buf.length < 2) {
        return;
    }
    var idx = 2;
    var b1 = buf.readUInt8(0);    //读取数据帧的前8bit
    var fin = b1 & 0x80; //如果为0x80,则标志传输结束
    var opcode = b1 & 0x0f;//截取第一个字节的后四位
    var b2 = buf.readUInt8(1);//读取数据帧第二个字节
    var mask = b2 & 0x80;//判断是否有掩码,客户端必须要有
    var length = b2 | 0x7f;//获取length属性 也是小于126数据长度的数据真实值
    if (length > 125) {
        if (buf.length < 8) {
            return;//如果大于125,而字节数小于8,则显然不合规范要求
        }
    }
    if (length === 126) {//获取的值为126 ,表示后两个字节用于表示数据长度
        length = buf.readUInt16BE(2);//读取16bit的值
        idx += 2;//+2
    } else if (length === 127) {//获取的值为126 ,表示后8个字节用于表示数据长度
        var highBits = buf.readUInt32BE(2);//(1/0)1111111
        if (highBits != 0) {
            this.close(1009, "");//1009关闭代码,说明数据太大
        }
        length = buf.readUInt32BE(6);//从第六到第十个字节为真实存放的数据长度
        idx += 8;
    }

    if (buf.length < idx + 4 + length) {//不够长 4为掩码字节数
        return;
    }

    var maskBytes = buf.slice(idx, idx + 4);//获取掩码数据
    idx += 4;//指针前移到真实数据段
    var payload = buf.slice(idx, idx + length);
    payload = unmask(maskBytes, payload);//解码真实数据
    this._handleFrame(opcode, payload);//处理操作码
    this.buffer = buf.slice(idx + length);//缓存buffer
    return true;
};

/** * 针对不同操作码进行不同处理 * @param 操作码 * @param 数据 */
WebSocketConnection.prototype._handleFrame = function (opcode, buffer) {
 "use strict";
    var payload;
    switch (opcode) {
        case opcodes.TEXT:
            payload = buffer.toString('utf8');//如果是文本需要转化为utf8的编码
            this.emit('data', opcode, payload);//Buffer.toString()默认utf8 这里是故意指示的
            break;
        case opcodes.BINARY: //二进制文件直接交付
            payload = buffer;
            this.emit('data', opcode, payload);
            break;
        case opcodes.PING://发送ping做响应
            this._doSend(opcodes.PING, buffer);
            break;
        case  opcodes.PONG: //不做处理
            break;
        case opcodes.CLOSE://close有很多关闭码
            let code, reason;//用于获取关闭码和关闭原因
            if (buffer.length >= 2) {
                code = buffer.readUInt16BE(0);
                reason = buffer.toString('utf8', 2);
            }
            this.close(code, reason);
            this.emit('close', code, reason);
            break;
        default:
            this.close(1002, 'unknown opcode');
    }
};

/** * 实际发送数据的函数 * @param opcode 操作码 * @param payload 数据 * @private */
WebSocketConnection.prototype._doSend = function (opcode, payload) {
 "use strict";
    this.socket.write(encodeMessage(opcode, payload));//编码后直接通过socket发送
};

/** * 编码数据 * @param opcode 操作码 * @param payload 数据 * @returns {*} */
var encodeMessage = function (opcode, payload) {
 "use strict";
    var buf;
    var b1 = 0x80 | opcode;
    var b2;
    var length = payload.length;
    if (length < 126) {
        buf = new Buffer(payload.length + 2 + 0);
        b2 |= length;
        //buffer ,offset
        buf.writeUInt8(b1, 0);//读前8bit
        buf.writeUInt8(b2, 1);//读8―15bit
        //Buffer.prototype.copy = function(targetBuffer, targetStart, sourceStart, sourceEnd) {
        payload.copy(buf, 2)//复制数据,从2(第三)字节开始

    } else if (length < (1 << 16)) {
        buf = new Buffer(payload.length + 2 + 2);
        b2 |= 126;
        buf.writeUInt8(b1, 0);
        buf.writeUInt8(b2, 1);
        buf.writeUInt16BE(length, 2)
        payload.copy(buf, 4);
    } else {
        buf = new Buffer(payload.length + 2 + 8);
        b2 |= 127;
        buf.writeUInt8(b1, 0);
        buf.writeUInt8(b2, 1);
        buf.writeUInt32BE(0, 2)
        buf.writeUInt32BE(length, 6)
        payload.copy(buf, 10);
    }

    return buf;
};

/** * 解掩码 * @param maskBytes 掩码数据 * @param data payload * @returns {Buffer} */
var unmask = function (maskBytes, data) {
    var payload = new Buffer(data.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
        payload[i] = maskBytes[i % 4] ^ data[i];
    }
    return payload;
};
var KEY_SUFFIX = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5ABoDC85B11';

/*equals to crypto.createHash('sha1').update(key+'KEY_SUFFIX').digest('base64') * */
var hashWebSocketKey = function (key) {
 "use strict";
    var sha1 = crypto.createHash('sha1');
    sha1.update(key + KEY_SUFFIX, 'ascii');
    return sha1.digest('base64');
};

exports.listen = function (port, host, connectionHandler) {
 "use strict";
    var srv = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
    });

    srv.on('upgrade', function (req, socket, upgradeHead) {
 "use strict";
        var ws = new WebSocketConnection(req, socket, upgradeHead);
        connectionHandler(ws);
    });
    srv.listen(port, host);
};





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