Qt 事件处理机制 (上篇)

本博文转载自:http://www.51cto.com/php/viewart.php?artID=272812

在Qt中,事件被封装成一个个对象,所有的事件均继承自抽象类QEvent. 接下来依次谈谈Qt中有谁来产生、分发、接受和处理事件。

AD:

本篇来介绍Qt 事件处理机制 。深入了解事件处理系统对于每个学习Qt人来说非常重要,可以说,Qt是以事件驱动的UI工具集。 大家熟知Signals/Slots在多线程的实现也依赖于Qt事件处理机制。

Qt中,事件被封装成一个个对象,所有的事件均继承自抽象类QEvent.  接下来依次谈谈Qt中有谁来产生、分发、接受和处理事件

1、谁来产生事件: 最容易想到的是我们的输入设备,比如键盘、鼠标产生的

keyPressEvent,keyReleaseEvent,mousePressEvent,mouseReleaseEvent事件(他们被封装成QMouseEvent和QKeyEvent),这些事件来自于底层的操作系统,它们以异步的形式通知Qt事件处理系统,后文会仔细道来。当然Qt自己也会产生很多事件,比如QObject::startTimer()会触发QTimerEvent. 用户的程序可还以自己定制事件。

2、谁来接受和处理事件:答案是QObject。在Qt的内省机制剖析一文已经介绍QObject 类是整个Qt对象模型的心脏,事件处理机制是QObject三大职责(内存管理、内省(intropection)与事件处理制)之一。任何一个想要接受并处理事件的对象均须继承自QObject,可以选择重载QObject::event()函数或事件的处理权转给父类。

3、谁来负责分发事件:对于non-GUI的Qt程序,是由QCoreApplication负责将QEvent分发给QObject的子类-Receiver. 对于Qt GUI程序,由QApplication来负责。

接下来,将通过对代码的解析来看看QT是利用event loop从事件队列中获取用户输入事件,又是如何将事件转义成QEvents,并分发给相应的QObject处理。

    #include <QApplication>     
    #include "widget.h"     
    //Section 1     
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])     
    {     
        QApplication app(argc, argv);     
        Widget window;  // Widget 继承自QWidget     
        window.show();     
        return app.exec(); // 进入Qpplication事件循环,见section 2     
    }     
    // Section 2:      
    int QApplication::exec()     
    {     
       //skip codes     
       //简单的交给QCoreApplication来处理事件循环=〉section 3     
       return QCoreApplication::exec();     
    }     
    // Section 3     
    int QCoreApplication::exec()     
    {     
        //得到当前Thread数据     
        QThreadData *threadData = self->d_func()->threadData;     
        if (threadData != QThreadData::current()) {     
            qWarning("%s::exec: Must be called from the main thread", self->metaObject()->className());     
            return -1;     
        }     
        //检查event loop是否已经创建     
        if (!threadData->eventLoops.isEmpty()) {     
            qWarning("QCoreApplication::exec: The event loop is already running");     
            return -1;     
        }     
        ...     
        QEventLoop eventLoop;     
        self->d_func()->in_exec = true;     
        self->d_func()->aboutToQuitEmitted = false;     
        //委任QEventLoop 处理事件队列循环 ==> Section 4     
        int returnCode = eventLoop.exec();     
        ....     
        }     
        return returnCode;     
    }     
    // Section 4     
    int QEventLoop::exec(ProcessEventsFlags flags)     
    {     
       //这里的实现代码不少,最为重要的是以下几行     
       Q_D(QEventLoop); // 访问QEventloop私有类实例d     
            try {     
            //只要没有遇见exit,循环派发事件     
            while (!d->exit)     
                processEvents(flags | WaitForMoreEvents | EventLoopExec);     
        } catch (...) {}     
    }     
    // Section 5     
    bool QEventLoop::processEvents(ProcessEventsFlags flags)     
    {     
        Q_D(QEventLoop);     
        if (!d->threadData->eventDispatcher)     
            return false;     
        if (flags & DeferredDeletion)     
            QCoreApplication::sendPostedEvents(0, QEvent::DeferredDelete);     
        //将事件派发给与平台相关的QAbstractEventDispatcher子类 =>Section 6     
        return d->threadData->eventDispatcher->processEvents(flags);     
    }    
    #include <QApplication> 
    #include "widget.h"  
    //Section 1  
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])  
    {  
        QApplication app(argc, argv);  
        Widget window;  // Widget 继承自QWidget  
        window.show();  
        return app.exec(); // 进入Qpplication事件循环,见section 2  
    }  
    // Section 2:   
    int QApplication::exec()  
    {  
       //skip codes  
       //简单的交给QCoreApplication来处理事件循环=〉section 3  
       return QCoreApplication::exec();  
    }  
    // Section 3  
    int QCoreApplication::exec()  
    {  
        //得到当前Thread数据  
        QThreadData *threadData = self->d_func()->threadData;  
        if (threadData != QThreadData::current()) {  
            qWarning("%s::exec: Must be called from the main thread", self->metaObject()->className());  
            return -1;  
        }  
        //检查event loop是否已经创建  
        if (!threadData->eventLoops.isEmpty()) {  
            qWarning("QCoreApplication::exec: The event loop is already running");  
            return -1;  
        }  
        ...  
        QEventLoop eventLoop;  
        self->d_func()->in_exec = true;  
        self->d_func()->aboutToQuitEmitted = false;  
        //委任QEventLoop 处理事件队列循环 ==> Section 4  
        int returnCode = eventLoop.exec();  
        ....  
        }  
        return returnCode;  
    }  
    // Section 4  
    int QEventLoop::exec(ProcessEventsFlags flags)  
    {  
       //这里的实现代码不少,最为重要的是以下几行  
       Q_D(QEventLoop); // 访问QEventloop私有类实例d  
            try {  
            //只要没有遇见exit,循环派发事件  
            while (!d->exit)  
                processEvents(flags | WaitForMoreEvents | EventLoopExec);  
        } catch (...) {}  
    }  
    // Section 5  
    bool QEventLoop::processEvents(ProcessEventsFlags flags)  
    {  
        Q_D(QEventLoop);  
        if (!d->threadData->eventDispatcher)  
            return false;  
        if (flags & DeferredDeletion)  
            QCoreApplication::sendPostedEvents(0, QEvent::DeferredDelete);  
        //将事件派发给与平台相关的QAbstractEventDispatcher子类 =>Section 6  
        return d->threadData->eventDispatcher->processEvents(flags);  
    }  
       
    // Section 6,QTDIR\src\corelib\kernel\qeventdispatcher_win.cpp     
    // 这段代码是完成与windows平台相关的windows c++。 以跨平台著称的Qt同时也提供了对Symiban,Unix等平台的消息派发支持     
    // 其事现分别封装在QEventDispatcherSymbian和QEventDispatcherUNIX     
    // QEventDispatcherWin32派生自QAbstractEventDispatcher.     
    bool QEventDispatcherWin32::processEvents(QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlags flags)     
    {     
        Q_D(QEventDispatcherWin32);     
        if (!d->internalHwnd)     
            createInternalHwnd();     
        d->interrupt = false;     
        emit awake();     
        bool canWait;     
        bool retVal = false;     
        bool seenWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = false;     
        bool needWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = false;     
        do {     
            DWORD waitRet = 0;     
            HANDLE pHandles[MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1];     
            QVarLengthArray<MSG> processedTimers;     
            while (!d->interrupt) {     
                DWORD nCount = d->winEventNotifierList.count();     
                Q_ASSERT(nCount < MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1);     
                MSG msg;     
                bool haveMessage;     
                if (!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents) && !d->queuedUserInputEvents.isEmpty()) {     
                    // process queued user input events     
                    haveMessage = true;     
                    //从处理用户输入队列中取出一条事件     
                    msg = d->queuedUserInputEvents.takeFirst();     
                } else if(!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers) && !d->queuedSocketEvents.isEmpty()) {     
                    // 从处理socket队列中取出一条事件     
                    haveMessage = true;     
                    msg = d->queuedSocketEvents.takeFirst();     
                } else {     
                    haveMessage = PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE);     
                    if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents)     
                        && ((msg.message >= WM_KEYFIRST     
                             && msg.message <= WM_KEYLAST)     
                            || (msg.message >= WM_MOUSEFIRST     
                                && msg.message <= WM_MOUSELAST)     
                            || msg.message == WM_MOUSEWHEEL     
                            || msg.message == WM_MOUSEHWHEEL     
                            || msg.message == WM_TOUCH     
    #ifndef QT_NO_GESTURES     
                            || msg.message == WM_GESTURE     
                            || msg.message == WM_GESTURENOTIFY     
    #endif     
                            || msg.message == WM_CLOSE)) {     
                        // 用户输入事件入队列,待以后处理     
                        haveMessage = false;     
                        d->queuedUserInputEvents.append(msg);     
                    }     
                    if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers)     
                        && (msg.message == WM_QT_SOCKETNOTIFIER && msg.hwnd == d->internalHwnd)) {     
                        // socket 事件入队列,待以后处理     
                        haveMessage = false;     
                        d->queuedSocketEvents.append(msg);     
                    }     
                }     
                ....     
                    if (!filterEvent(&msg)) {     
                        TranslateMessage(&msg);     
                        //将事件打包成message调用Windows API派发出去     
                           //分发一个消息给窗口程序。消息被分发到回调函数,将消息传递给windows系统,windows处理完毕,会调用回调函数 => section 7                         
                      DispatchMessage(&msg);     
                    }     
                }                  
            }     
        } while (canWait);     
          ...     
        return retVal;     
    }    
    // Section 6,QTDIR\src\corelib\kernel\qeventdispatcher_win.cpp  
    // 这段代码是完成与windows平台相关的windows c++。 以跨平台著称的Qt同时也提供了对Symiban,Unix等平台的消息派发支持  
    // 其事现分别封装在QEventDispatcherSymbian和QEventDispatcherUNIX  
    // QEventDispatcherWin32派生自QAbstractEventDispatcher.  
    bool QEventDispatcherWin32::processEvents(QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlags flags)  
    {  
        Q_D(QEventDispatcherWin32);  
        if (!d->internalHwnd)  
            createInternalHwnd();  
        d->interrupt = false;  
        emit awake();  
        bool canWait;  
        bool retVal = false;  
        bool seenWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = false;  
        bool needWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = false;  
        do {  
            DWORD waitRet = 0;  
            HANDLE pHandles[MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1];  
            QVarLengthArray<MSG> processedTimers;  
            while (!d->interrupt) {  
                DWORD nCount = d->winEventNotifierList.count();  
                Q_ASSERT(nCount < MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1);  
                MSG msg;  
                bool haveMessage;  
                if (!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents) && !d->queuedUserInputEvents.isEmpty()) {  
                    // process queued user input events  
                    haveMessage = true;  
                    //从处理用户输入队列中取出一条事件  
                    msg = d->queuedUserInputEvents.takeFirst();  
                } else if(!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers) && !d->queuedSocketEvents.isEmpty()) {  
                    // 从处理socket队列中取出一条事件  
                    haveMessage = true;  
                    msg = d->queuedSocketEvents.takeFirst();  
                } else {  
                    haveMessage = PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE);  
                    if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents)  
                        && ((msg.message >= WM_KEYFIRST  
                             && msg.message <= WM_KEYLAST)  
                            || (msg.message >= WM_MOUSEFIRST  
                                && msg.message <= WM_MOUSELAST)  
                            || msg.message == WM_MOUSEWHEEL  
                            || msg.message == WM_MOUSEHWHEEL  
                            || msg.message == WM_TOUCH  
    #ifndef QT_NO_GESTURES  
                            || msg.message == WM_GESTURE  
                            || msg.message == WM_GESTURENOTIFY  
    #endif  
                            || msg.message == WM_CLOSE)) {  
                        // 用户输入事件入队列,待以后处理  
                        haveMessage = false;  
                        d->queuedUserInputEvents.append(msg);  
                    }  
                    if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers)  
                        && (msg.message == WM_QT_SOCKETNOTIFIER && msg.hwnd == d->internalHwnd)) {  
                        // socket 事件入队列,待以后处理  
                        haveMessage = false;  
                        d->queuedSocketEvents.append(msg);  
                    }  
                }  
                ....  
                    if (!filterEvent(&msg)) {  
                        TranslateMessage(&msg);  
                        //将事件打包成message调用Windows API派发出去  
                           //分发一个消息给窗口程序。消息被分发到回调函数,将消息传递给windows系统,windows处理完毕,会调用回调函数 => section 7                      
                      DispatchMessage(&msg);  
                    }  
                }               
            }  
        } while (canWait);  
          ...  
        return retVal;  
    }   
     
    // Section 7 windows窗口回调函数 定义在QTDIR\src\gui\kernel\qapplication_win.cpp     
    extern "C" LRESULT QT_WIN_CALLBACK QtWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)     
    {     
       ...     
       //将消息重新封装成QEvent的子类QMouseEvent ==> Section 8     
        result = widget->translateMouseEvent(msg);         
       ...     
    }     
         
    // Section 7 windows窗口回调函数 定义在QTDIR\src\gui\kernel\qapplication_win.cpp  
    extern "C" LRESULT QT_WIN_CALLBACK QtWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)  
    {  
       ...  
       //将消息重新封装成QEvent的子类QMouseEvent ==> Section 8  
        result = widget->translateMouseEvent(msg);      
       ...  
    } 


从Section 1~Section7, Qt进入QApplication的event loop,经过层层委任,最终QEventloop的processEvent将通过与平台相关的QAbstractEventDispatcher的子类QEventDispatcherWin32获得用户的用户输入事件,并将其打包成message后,通过标准Windows API ,把消息传递给了Windows OS,Windows OS得到通知后回调QtWndProc,  至此事件的分发与处理完成了一半的路程。

小结:Qt 事件处理机制 (上篇)的内容介绍完了,在下文中,我们将进一步讨论当我们收到来在Windows的回调后,事件又是怎么一步步打包成QEvent并通过QApplication分发给最终事件的接受和处理者QObject::event.请继续看Qt 事件处理机制 (下篇)。最后希望本文能帮你解决问题!


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