SqlLoad常用技巧总结

1、控制文件中注释用“--”

2、为防止导入出现中文乱码，在控制文件中加入字符集控制

LOAD DATA

CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK 

3、让某一列成为行号，用RECNUM关键字

load data  
infile *  
into table t  
replace  
( seqno RECNUM //载入每行的行号  
text Position(1:1024))  
BEGINDATA  
fsdfasj

4、过滤某一列，用FILLER关键字

LOAD DATA
    TRUNCATE INTO TABLE T1
    FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
    ( field1,
      field2 FILLER,
      field3
    )

5、过滤行

在INTO TABLE table_name后加WHEN过滤条件，但功能有限，如果以竖线分隔符的文件，不能实现字段级的过滤，定长的还好。

LOAD DATA
     INFILE 'mydata.dat'
     BADFILE 'mydata.bad'
     DISCARDFILE 'mydata.dis'
     APPEND
     INTO TABLE my_selective_table
     WHEN (01) <> 'H' and (01) <> 'T' and (30:37) = '20031217'
     (
        region              CONSTANT '31',
        service_key         POSITION(01:11)   INTEGER EXTERNAL,
        call_b_no           POSITION(12:29)   CHAR
     )

6、过滤首行，用OPTIONS (SKIP 1)选项

也可以写在命令行中，如：

sqlldr sms/admin control=test.ctl skip=1

7、TRAILING NULLCOLS的使用，作用是表的字段没有对应的值时允许为空

如：

LOAD DATA  
INFILE *  
INTO TABLE DEPT  
REPLACE  
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','  
TRAILING NULLCOLS // 其实下面的ENTIRE_LINE在BEGINDATA后面的数据中是没有直接对应的列的值的如果第一行改为 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000,, 就不用TRAILING NULLCOLS了  
(DEPTNO,  
DNAME "upper(:dname)", // 使用函数  
LOC "upper(:loc)",  
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy', // 日期的一种表达方式 还有'dd-mon-yyyy' 等  
ENTIRE_LINE ":deptno||:dname||:loc||:last_updated"  
)  
BEGINDATA  
10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000  
20,Accounting,Virginia,21/6/1999  
30,Consulting,Virginia,5/1/2000  
40,Finance,Virginia,15/3/2001 

8、添加、修改数据

（1）、
LOAD DATA
     INFILE *
     INTO TABLE tmp_test
     ( rec_no                      "my_db_sequence.nextval",
        region                      CONSTANT '31',
        time_loaded                 "to_char(SYSDATE, 'HH24:MI')",
        data1        POSITION(1:5) ":data1/100",
        data2        POSITION(6:15) "upper(:data2)",
        data3        POSITION(16:22)"to_date(:data3, 'YYMMDD')"
     )
BEGINDATA
11111AAAAAAAAAA991201
22222BBBBBBBBBB990112
（2）、
LOAD DATA
   INFILE 'mail_orders.txt'
   BADFILE 'bad_orders.txt'
   APPEND
   INTO TABLE mailing_list
   FIELDS TERMINATED BY ","
   ( addr,
      city,
      state,
      zipcode,
      mailing_addr   "decode(:mailing_addr, null, :addr, :mailing_addr)",
      mailing_city   "decode(:mailing_city, null, :city, :mailing_city)",
      mailing_state
   )

9、合并多行记录为一行记录

通过关键字concatenate 把几行的记录看成一行记录

LOAD DATA  
INFILE *  
concatenate 3 // 通过关键字concatenate 把几行的记录看成一行记录  
INTO TABLE DEPT  
replace  
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','  
(DEPTNO,  
DNAME "upper(:dname)",  
LOC "upper(:loc)",  
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy'  
)  
BEGINDATA  
10,Sales, // 其实这3行看成一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000  
Virginia,  
1/5/2000  

10、用”|+|”分隔符，避免数据混淆

fields terminated by "|+|"

11、如果数据文件包含在控制文件中，用INFILE *

如下：

LOAD DATA
    INFILE *
    append
    INTO TABLE tmp_test
    FIELDS TERMINATED BY ","
    OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
    TRAILING NULLCOLS
    ( data1,
       data2
    )
BEGINDATA
11111,AAAAAAAAAA
22222,"A,B,C,D,"

12、一次导入多个文件到同一个表

LOAD DATA
INFILE file1.dat
INFILE file2.dat
INFILE file3.dat
APPEND
INTO TABLE emp
( empno POSITION(1:4)   INTEGER EXTERNAL,
   ename POSITION(6:15) CHAR,
    deptno POSITION(17:18) CHAR,
    mgr    POSITION(20:23) INTEGER EXTERNAL
)

13、将一个文件导入到不同的表

（1）、
LOAD DATA
    INFILE *
    INTO TABLE tab1 WHEN tab = 'tab1'
      ( tab FILLER CHAR(4),
        col1 INTEGER
      )
    INTO TABLE tab2 WHEN tab = 'tab2'
      ( tab FILLER POSITION(1:4),
        col1 INTEGER
      )
BEGINDATA
tab1|1
tab1|2
tab2|2
tab3|3
==============
（2）、
LOAD DATA
    INFILE 'mydata.dat'
    REPLACE
    INTO TABLE emp
         WHEN empno != ' '
    ( empno POSITION(1:4)   INTEGER EXTERNAL,
      ename POSITION(6:15) CHAR,
      deptno POSITION(17:18) CHAR,
      mgr    POSITION(20:23) INTEGER EXTERNAL
    )
    INTO TABLE proj
         WHEN projno != ' '
    ( projno POSITION(25:27) INTEGER EXTERNAL,
       empno POSITION(1:4)   INTEGER EXTERNAL
)

14、过滤掉的数据文件路径指定

/opt/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/bin/sqlldr APS/APS control=/home/oracle/APS_LOAD/ctl/AP_CONTRACT.CTL LOG=/home/oracle/APS_LOAD/log/$yesterday/AP_CONTRACT_$yesterday.log bad=/home/oracle/APS_LOAD/bad/DUE_BILL_$yesterday.bad rows=10000 readsize=20000000 bindsize=20000000  DISCARD=/home/oracle/APS_LOAD/bad/discard_ts.dis

15、附：测试用控制文件

LOAD DATA
INFILE '/home/oracle/APS_LOAD/dat/APS_AP_CONTRACT.dat'
TRUNCATE
INTO TABLE AP_CONTRACT
WHEN (01)<>'1'
FIELDS TERMINATED BY "|"
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(
AGMT_NO                  "(TRIM(:AGMT_NO               ))",    
CONTRACT_NO         FILLER, --     "(TRIM(:CONTRACT_NO           ))",
LOAN_AMT                 "(TRIM(:LOAN_AMT              ))",
AGMT_HOLDER              "(TRIM(:AGMT_HOLDER           ))",
LOAN_TYPE_CD             "(TRIM(:LOAN_TYPE_CD          ))",
CURR_CD                  "(TRIM(:CURR_CD               ))",
BALANCE                  "(TRIM(:BALANCE               ))",
LOAN_DIRC_CD             "(TRIM(:LOAN_DIRC_CD          ))",
AGMT_START_DATE          "(TRIM(:AGMT_START_DATE       ))",
AGMT_END_DATE            "(TRIM(:AGMT_END_DATE         ))",
AGMT_BELONG_ORG_NO       "(TRIM(:AGMT_BELONG_ORG_NO    ))",
MANAGER_NO               "(TRIM(:MANAGER_NO            ))",
PROCESS_RATE             "(TRIM(:PROCESS_RATE          ))",
INSURE_METH_TYPE_CD      "(TRIM(:INSURE_METH_TYPE_CD   ))",
AGMT_SIGN_DATE           "(TRIM(:AGMT_SIGN_DATE        ))",
LOAN_PROP_CD             "(TRIM(:LOAN_PROP_CD          ))",
LOAN_USE_TYPE            "(TRIM(:LOAN_USE_TYPE         ))",
ENTRUST_LOAN_FLAG        "(TRIM(:ENTRUST_LOAN_FLAG     ))",
ENTRUST_NAME             "(TRIM(:ENTRUST_NAME          ))",
FARM_LOAN_FLAG           "(TRIM(:FARM_LOAN_FLAG        ))",
FARM_LOAN_TYPE_CD        "(TRIM(:FARM_LOAN_TYPE_CD     ))",
LOAN_BIZ_TYPE_CD         "(TRIM(:LOAN_BIZ_TYPE_CD      ))",
ID_TEST                       RECNUM ,
CHAR_TEST                     CONSTANT '31',
SQ                        "sqlldr.nextval",
TEST_4                    "TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYYMMDD HH24:MI:SS')",
TEST_5                    "(TRIM(:LOAN_BIZ_TYPE_CD)||'---'||TRIM(:AGMT_NO))"
)