cookie机制采用的是在客户端保持 HTTP 状态信息的方案
Cookie是在浏览器访问WEB服务器的某个资源时，由WEB服务器在HTTP响应消息头中附带传送给浏览器的一个小文本文件。
一旦WEB浏览器保存了某个Cookie，那么它在以后每次访问该WEB服务器时，都会在HTTP请求头中将这个Cookie回传给WEB服务器。
底层的实现原理： WEB服务器通过在HTTP响应消息中增加Set-Cookie响应头字段将Cookie信息发送给浏览器，浏览器则通过在HTTP请求消息中增加Cookie请求头字段将Cookie回传给WEB服务器。
一个Cookie只能标识一种信息，它至少含有一个标识该信息的名称（NAME）和设置值（VALUE）。
一个WEB站点可以给一个WEB浏览器发送多个Cookie，一个WEB浏览器也可以存储多个WEB站点提供的Cookie。
浏览器一般只允许存放300个Cookie，每个站点最多存放20个Cookie，每个Cookie的大小限制为4KB。
一、NSHTTPCookieStorage 【转自 http://rainbird.blog.51cto.com/211214/805173】
一 直以为ios的http请求这块很简单应该不支持记录，保存，或者使用cookie，可是想当然归想当然，真用的时候，真研究了一下发现还真强大。经过一 番的研究简单说一下我的理解：当你访问一个网站时，不管你愿意或者不愿意，NSURLRequest都会帮你主动记录下来你访问的站点设置的 cookie，而且很负责任的，当你下次再访问这个站点时，NSURLRequest会拿着上次保存下来了的cookie继续去请求。这规律同样适用于 ASIHTTPRequest。所以当你做一些基于认证的网络请求时，cookie不失为一个完美的解决方案。
那么怎么查看cookie呢？很简单：
NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];
for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in [cookieJar cookies]) {
NSLog(@"%@", cookie);
}
这样就列出了所有已保存的cookie,如果当前为空怎么办呢？随便请求一个url喽。
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:
[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://blog.cnrainbird.com"]
cachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData timeoutInterval:3];
[NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request
returningResponse:nil
error:nil];
NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];
for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in [cookieJar cookies]) {
NSLog(@"%@", cookie);
}
是不是得到了类似:
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<NSHTTPCookie version:0 name:"PHPSESSID" value:"evf5rcboo8th1dnl53fs4ukmt2" expiresDate:(null) created:2012-03-13 14:28:13 +0000 (3.53342e+08) sessionOnly:TRUE domain:"blog.cnrainbird.com" path:"/" isSecure:FALSE>
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的东东？这就是cookie啦
怎么清空cookie呢？
NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];
NSArray *_tmpArray = [NSArray arrayWithArray:[cookieJar cookies]];
for (id obj in _tmpArray) {
[cookieJar deleteCookie:obj];
}
这样cookie就消失的一干二净了。
会查看cookie了，也会清空cookie了，怎么设置指定的cookie呢？
NSMutableDictionary *cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"username" forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"rainbird" forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"cnrainbird.com" forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"cnrainbird.com" forKey:NSHTTPCookieOriginURL];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"/" forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"0" forKey:NSHTTPCookieVersion];
NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [NSHTTPCookie cookieWithProperties:cookieProperties];
[[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] setCookie:cookie];
这样就可以了。输入一下，是不是得到了下面这样的结果：
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<NSHTTPCookie version:0 name:"username" value:"rainbird" expiresDate:(null) crea
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二、
1.NSHttpCookiesStorage是一个单例，管理所有的Cookie，每个Cookie都是一个NSHTTPCookie的实例，所有应用的cookies都被保存在这个NSHTTPCookieStorage的单例中，并且跨进程同步。 但为了安全，每个应用都有自己的沙盒，A应用的cookie是不能被B应用访问的。
iOS Note: Cookies are not shared among applications in iOS.
2. cookie的接收模式有3种
NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyAlways,
NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyNever,
NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyOnlyFromMainDocumentDomain<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />如果改变cookie的接收模式，会影响所有当前正在使用cookie storage正在运行的应用。
Note: Changes made to the cookie accept policy affect all currently running applications using the cookie storage.
3.
Session cookies (where the cookie object’s isSessionOnly method returns YES) are local to a single process and are not shared.
4.NSHTTPCookieStorage的问题，即当更改或者删除一个cookie时，NSHTTPCookieStorage不是立即接收NSHTTPCookieManagerCookiesChangedNotification，然后进行更改，而是有5s的延迟，
参考：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5837702/nshttpcookiestorage-state-not-saved-on-app-exit-any-definitive-knowledge-docume
和http://www.cocoabuilder.com/archive/cocoa/195413-nshttpcookiestorage-notification-troubles.html
一般解决方法是把cookie手动的保存，隔一段时间刷新，程序启动时再从NSDefaultUser中读出
NSHTTPCookieStorage state not saved on app exit. Any definitive knowledge/documentation out there?
I also got the same problem but i found a solution. I saved the cookies as it get created by the browser and then recreate them as app restarts.
1) Save cookie when they get created by uiwebview.
NSMutableArray *cookieArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies]) {
[cookieArray addObject:cookie.name];
NSMutableDictionary *cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[cookieProperties setObject:cookie.name forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];
[cookieProperties setObject:cookie.value forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];
[cookieProperties setObject:cookie.domain forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];
[cookieProperties setObject:cookie.path forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];
[cookieProperties setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:cookie.version] forKey:NSHTTPCookieVersion];
[cookieProperties setObject:[[NSDate date] dateByAddingTimeInterval:2629743] forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setValue:cookieProperties forKey:cookie.name];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
}
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setValue:cookieArray forKey:@"cookieArray"];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
2) Now recreate them as app restarts:
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
{
NSMutableArray* cookieDictionary = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] valueForKey:@"cookieArray"];
NSLog(@"cookie dictionary found is %@",cookieDictionary);
for (int i=0; i < cookieDictionary.count; i++)
{
NSLog(@"cookie found is %@",[cookieDictionary objectAtIndex:i]);
NSMutableDictionary* cookieDictionary1 = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] valueForKey:[cookieDictionary objectAtIndex:i]];
NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [NSHTTPCookie cookieWithProperties:cookieDictionary1];
[[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] setCookie:cookie];
}
// other code
}
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I also got the same problem but i found a solution. I saved the cookies as it get created by the browser and then recreate them as app restarts.
1) Save cookie when they get created by uiwebview.
NSMutableArray *cookieArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies]) {
[cookieArray addObject:cookie.name];
NSMutableDictionary *cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[cookieProperties setObject:cookie.name forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];
[cookieProperties setObject:cookie.value forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];
[cookieProperties setObject:cookie.domain forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];
[cookieProperties setObject:cookie.path forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];
[cookieProperties setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:cookie.version] forKey:NSHTTPCookieVersion];
[cookieProperties setObject:[[NSDate date] dateByAddingTimeInterval:2629743] forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setValue:cookieProperties forKey:cookie.name];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
}
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setValue:cookieArray forKey:@"cookieArray"];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
2) Now recreate them as app restarts:
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
{
NSMutableArray* cookieDictionary = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] valueForKey:@"cookieArray"];
NSLog(@"cookie dictionary found is %@",cookieDictionary);
for (int i=0; i < cookieDictionary.count; i++)
{
NSLog(@"cookie found is %@",[cookieDictionary objectAtIndex:i]);
NSMutableDictionary* cookieDictionary1 = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] valueForKey:[cookieDictionary objectAtIndex:i]];
NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [NSHTTPCookie cookieWithProperties:cookieDictionary1];
[[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] setCookie:cookie];
}
// other code
}
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I also got the same problem but i found a solution. I saved the cookies as it get created by the browser and then recreate them as app restarts.
1) Save cookie when they get created by uiwebview.
NSMutableArray *cookieArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies]) {
[cookieArray addObject:cookie.name];
NSMutableDictionary *cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[cookieProperties setObject:cookie.name forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];
[cookieProperties setObject:cookie.value forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];
[cookieProperties setObject:cookie.domain forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];
[cookieProperties setObject:cookie.path forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];
[cookieProperties setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:cookie.version] forKey:NSHTTPCookieVersion];
[cookieProperties setObject:[[NSDate date] dateByAddingTimeInterval:2629743] forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setValue:cookieProperties forKey:cookie.name];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
}
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setValue:cookieArray forKey:@"cookieArray"];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
2) Now recreate them as app restarts:
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
{
NSMutableArray* cookieDictionary = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] valueForKey:@"cookieArray"];
NSLog(@"cookie dictionary found is %@",cookieDictionary);
for (int i=0; i < cookieDictionary.count; i++)
{
NSLog(@"cookie found is %@",[cookieDictionary objectAtIndex:i]);
NSMutableDictionary* cookieDictionary1 = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] valueForKey:[cookieDictionary objectAtIndex:i]];
NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [NSHTTPCookie cookieWithProperties:cookieDictionary1];
[[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] setCookie:cookie];
}
// other code
}
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