Android SQLite 简单使用示例

SQLite简介

Google为Andriod的较大的数据处理提供了SQLite,他在数据存储、管理、维护等各方面都相当出色,功能也非常的强大。

袖珍型的SQLite可以支持高达2TB大小的数据库,每个数据库都是以单个文件的形式存在,这些数据都是以B-Tree的数据结构形式存储在磁盘上。
在事务处理方面,SQLite通过数据库级上的独占性和共享锁来实现独立事务处理。这意味着多个进程可以在同一时间从同一数据库读取数据,但只有一个可以写入数据。在某个进程或线程想数据库执行写操作之前,必须获得独占锁。在获得独占锁之后,其他的读或写操作将不会再发生。
SQLite采用动态数据类型,当某个值插入到数据库时,SQLite将会检查它的类型,如果该类型与关联的列不匹配,SQLite则会尝试将该值转换成该列的类型,如果不能转换,则该值将作为本身的类型存储,SQLite称这为“弱类型”。但有一个特例,如果是INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,则其他类型不会被转换,会报一个“datatype missmatch”的错误。
概括来讲,SQLite支持NULL、INTEGER、REAL、TEXT和BLOB数据类型,分别代表空值、整型值、浮点值、字符串文本、二进制对象。

SQLite还包括以下特点:

1、SQLite3支持 NULL、INTEGER、REAL(浮点数字)、TEXT(字符串文本)和BLOB(二进制对象)数据类型,虽然它支持的类型虽然只有五种,但实际上sqlite3也接受varchar(n)、char(n)、decimal(p,s) 等数据类型,只不过在运算或保存时会转成对应的五种数据类型。
2、SQLite最大的特点是你可以保存任何类型的数据到任何字段中,无论这列声明的数据类型是什么。例如:可以在Integer字段中存放字符串,或者在布尔型字段中存放浮点数,或者在字符型字段中存放日期型值。
3、但有一种情况例外:定义为INTEGER PRIMARY KEY的字段只能存储64位整数, 当向这种字段中保存除整数以外的数据时,将会产生错误。
4、另外, SQLite 在解析CREATE TABLE 语句时,会忽略 CREATE TABLE 语句中跟在字段名后面的数据类型信息,如下面语句会忽略 name字段的类型信息:
CREATE TABLE person (personid integer primary key autoincrement, name varchar(20))

PersonSqliteOpenHelper类

public class PersonSqliteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

    /**
     * 数据库的构造方法
     * 数据库查询的结果集,为null则使用默认的结果集
     * 数据库的版本,从1开始,小于1则抛异常
     * @param context
     */
    public PersonSqliteOpenHelper(Context context) {
        super(context, "person.db", null, 1);
    }

    /**
     * 数据库在第一次被创建时调用,表结构,初始化
     * 数据类型的长度是无用的,只是给程序员看的
     * @param sqLiteDatabase 数据库
     */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase) {
        sqLiteDatabase.execSQL("create table person (id integer primary key autoincrement, name varchar(20), number varchar(20))");

    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, int i, int i1) {

    }
}

PersonDao类

public class PersonDao {

    private PersonSqliteOpenHelper helper;

    public PersonDao(Context context) {
        helper = new PersonSqliteOpenHelper(context);
    }

    public void add(String name, String number){
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
        db.execSQL("insert into person (name,number) values (?,?)", new Object[]{name,number});
        db.close();
    }

    public boolean find(String name){
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from person where name=?", new String[]{name});
        boolean result = cursor.moveToNext();
        cursor.close();
        db.close();
        return result;
    }

    public void update(String name, String newnumber){
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
        db.execSQL("update person set number=? where name=?", new Object[]{newnumber, name});
        db.close();
    }

    public void delete(String name){
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
        db.execSQL("delete from person where name=?",new String[]{name});
        db.close();
    }

    public List<Person> findAll(){
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
        List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
        Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select name,id,number from person ",null);
        while (cursor.moveToNext()){
            int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("id"));
            String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
            String number = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("number"));
            Person p = new Person(id,name,number);
            persons.add(p);
        }
        cursor.close();
        db.close();
        return persons;
    }
}

Person类
public class Person {

    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String number;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(int id, String name, String number) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.number = number;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public void setNumber(String number) {
        this.number = number;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", number='" + number + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
ApplicationTest类
public class ApplicationTest extends ApplicationTestCase<Application> {
    public ApplicationTest() {
        super(Application.class);
    }

    public void testDBHelp() throws Exception{
        PersonSqliteOpenHelper perSQL = new PersonSqliteOpenHelper(getContext());
        perSQL.getWritableDatabase();
    }

    public void testAdd() throws Exception{
        PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
        dao.add("小明", "18500003039");
    }

    public void testFind(){
        PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
        boolean result = dao.find("小明");
        assertEquals(true, result);
    }

    public void testUpdate(){
        PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
        dao.add("大帅", "13100001423");
    }

    public void testDelete(){
        PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
        dao.delete("小明");
    }

    public void testFindAll(){
        PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
        List<Person> persons = dao.findAll();
        for (Person p:persons){
            System.out.println(p.toString());
        }
    }
}

使用Android自带API

public class PersonDao2 {

    private PersonSqliteOpenHelper helper;

    public PersonDao2(Context context) {
        helper = new PersonSqliteOpenHelper(context);
    }

    public long add(String name, String number){
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
        //db.execSQL("insert into person (name,number) values (?,?)", new Object[]{name,number});
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("name",name);
        values.put("number", number);
        long result = db.insert("person",null,values);
        db.close();
        return result;
    }

    public boolean find(String name){
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
        //Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from person where name=?", new String[]{name});
        Cursor cursor = db.query("person",null,"name=?",new String[]{name},null,null,null);
        boolean result = cursor.moveToNext();
        cursor.close();
        db.close();
        return result;
    }

    public int update(String name, String newnumber){
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
        //db.execSQL("update person set number=? where name=?", new Object[]{newnumber, name});
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("number", newnumber);
        int result = db.update("person",values,"name=?",new String[]{name});
        db.close();
        return result;
    }

    public int delete(String name){
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
        //db.execSQL("delete from person where name=?", new String[]{name});
        int result = db.delete("person","name=?",new String[]{name});
        db.close();
        return result;
    }

    public List<Person> findAll(){
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
        List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
        //Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select name,id,number from person ",null);
        Cursor cursor = db.query("person",new String[]{"name","id","number"},null,null,null,null,null);
        while (cursor.moveToNext()){
            int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("id"));
            String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
            String number = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("number"));
            Person p = new Person(id,name,number);
            persons.add(p);
        }
        cursor.close();
        db.close();
        return persons;
    }
}

SQLite修改数据库结构,先修改数据库版本号,然后再重写onUpgrade方法,执行需要的操作,注意,此方法只在版本号增加后首次运行时执行。

@Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, int i, int i1) {
        Log.i(TAG,"databases is modified");
        sqLiteDatabase.execSQL("alter table person add account varchar(20)");
    }
SQLite的事务处理

public void testTransaction(){
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
        db.beginTransaction();
        try {
            db.execSQL("update person set account=account-1000 where name=?", new Object[]{"杨小明"});
            db.execSQL("update person set account=account+1000 where name=?", new Object[]{"范大帅"});
            db.setTransactionSuccessful();
        }catch (Exception e){

        }finally {
            db.endTransaction();
            db.close();
        }

    }
先插入两条数据,初始化金额,再执行事务处理的方法,得到如下结果:

8:14:36.456  13235-13248/? I/TAGG﹕ Person{id=19, name='杨小明', number='18500003039', account=5000}
08-16 18:14:36.456  13235-13248/? I/TAGG﹕ Person{id=20, name='范大帅', number='13300001423', account=2000}
08-16 18:15:23.371  13435-13448/com.haier.sqlitedatabase I/TAGG﹕ Person{id=19, name='杨小明', number='18500003039', account=4000}
08-16 18:15:23.371  13435-13448/com.haier.sqlitedatabase I/TAGG﹕ Person{id=20, name='范大帅', number='13300001423', account=3000}



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