作者:独孤九贱; 版权所有,转载请注明出处。 一、概述 中断,本质上是一个电信号,早期的计算的并没有中断这一概念,这使得CPU与外围设备的交互变得困难,CPU需要不断的轮询,以探测外围设备是否有数据需要处理。这浪费大量的资源。中断的出现,将CPU从这一任务中解放出来,CPU与外设的处理,变为异步,它可以喝着茶,听着音乐,然后等待外设的报告。 Linux中的中断,除了包含外围设备引发的硬中断外,还有更多宽泛的概念,如CPU引发的同步中断或异常、软中断等。不过本文如未特别注明,都是描述外围设备发出的异步中断。 事实上,外围设备并不能直接发中断给CPU。是的,老大随时来看我轮询一下,浪费他的时间与精力,我也不能想找老大就找老大,得找他的小蜜,外设借助一个称为“中断控制器”的中间组件来完成请求。这个过程叫IRQ(中断请求),中断控制器在处理完相应的电工任务后,将中断请求转发到CPU的中断输入。例如,下图展示了一个典型的x86平台的8259A中断控制器: 二、中断控制器 为了屏蔽各种硬件平台的区别,Linux提供了一个统一抽像的平台来实现中断子系统。irq_chip结构用于描述一个硬件中断控制器,它封装了控制器的名称(如XTPIC或IO-APIC)和控制器相应的操作:
- struct irq_chip {
- const char *name; //控制器名称
- unsigned int (*startup)(unsigned int irq); //第一次激活时调用,用于第一次初始化IRQ
- void (*shutdown)(unsigned int irq); //对应的关闭操作
- void (*enable)(unsigned int irq); //激活IRQ
- void (*disable)(unsigned int irq); //禁用IRQ
-
- void (*ack)(unsigned int irq); //显示的中断确认操作
- void (*mask)(unsigned int irq); //屏蔽中断
- void (*mask_ack)(unsigned int irq); //屏幕并确认
- void (*unmask)(unsigned int irq); //屏蔽的反向操作
- void (*eoi)(unsigned int irq); //end of interrupt,提供处理中断时一个到硬件的回调
-
- void (*end)(unsigned int irq); //end操作表示中断处理在电流层结束
- int (*set_affinity)(unsigned int irq, //设置中断亲和
- const struct cpumask *dest);
- int (*retrigger)(unsigned int irq);
- int (*set_type)(unsigned int irq, unsigned int flow_type); //设IRQ电流类型
- int (*set_wake)(unsigned int irq, unsigned int on); //设置唤醒???
-
- /* Currently used only by UML, might disappear one day.*/
- #ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_RELEASE_METHOD
- void (*release)(unsigned int irq, void *dev_id);
- #endif
- /*
- * For compatibility, ->typename is copied into ->name.
- * Will disappear.
- */
- const char *typename;
- };
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大多数的操作可以根据名称了解一二。该结构考虑到了各种不同的体系结构,所以一个特系结构的使用,通常仅是它的一个子集,甚至是很小的一个子系,仍然以8259A为例:
- struct irq_chip i8259A_chip = {
- .name = "XT-PIC",
- .mask = disable_8259A_irq,
- .disable = disable_8259A_irq,
- .unmask = enable_8259A_irq,
- .mask_ack = mask_and_ack_8259A,
- };
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三、中断描述符 每个中断都有一个编号,系统可以根据编号很容易地区分来访者,是鼠标,还是键盘,或者是网卡。只是很可惜,出于很多原因(例如短视或成本考虑),在很多体系结构上,提供的编号是很少的,例如图1中显示的,两个8259A芯片,总共提供了16个中断槽位。虽然曾经看来,对于个人计算机这已经足够了,只是时过境迁,又到了改变的时候,例如,多个外设共享一个中断,称之为中断共享,有过PCI驱动编写经验的都接触过,当然,这需要硬件和内核同时支持。 在IA-32 CPU上,为外围设备都供了16个中断号,从32-47,不过如果看一下/proc/interrupts就会发现,外围设备的IRQ编号是从0开始到15的,这意味着,中断控制器的一个重要任务,就是对IRQ编号和中断号进行映射,在IA-32上,这个映射,就需要加上32即可。 每个中断号的信息使用IRQ描述符struct irq_desc表示:
- struct irq_desc {
- unsigned int irq;
- ……
- irq_flow_handler_t handle_irq; //指向上述控制芯片的电流处理程序
- struct irq_chip *chip; //指向上述的控制芯片
- ……
- struct irqaction *action; /* IRQ action list */ //指向IRQ的中断action列表
- ……
- } ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
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IRQ相关信息的管理的关键之处在于,内核引入一个irq_desc 类型的全局数组来记录之,每个数组的项对应一个IRQ编号,数组槽位与中断号一一对应,IRQ0在位置0,诸如此类。 数组irq_desc_ptrs的初始化在kernel/irq/handle.c
- struct irq_desc **irq_desc_ptrs __read_mostly;
-
- irq_desc_legacy是一个用于初始化的临时中介:
- static struct irq_desc irq_desc_legacy[NR_IRQS_LEGACY] __cacheline_aligned_in_smp = {
- [0 ... NR_IRQS_LEGACY-1] = {
- .irq = -1,
- .status = IRQ_DISABLED,
- .chip = &no_irq_chip,
- .handle_irq = handle_bad_irq,
- .depth = 1,
- .lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(irq_desc_init.lock),
- }
- };
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这里使用了一个gcc扩展,将所有成员irq号都初始化为-1,其handle_irq都指向handle_bad_irq。 irq_to_desc函数可以根据设备中断号取得相应的中断描述符:
- struct irq_desc *irq_to_desc(unsigned int irq)
- {
- if (irq_desc_ptrs && irq < nr_irqs)
- return irq_desc_ptrs[irq];
-
- return NULL;
- }
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中断描述符中,其最后一个成员action指向中断处理程序。这将在后文描述,先来看中断描述符的初始化,这在early_irq_init函数中完成:
- int __init early_irq_init(void)
- {
- struct irq_desc *desc;
-
- desc = irq_desc_legacy;
-
- //为中断描述符分配槽位
- irq_desc_ptrs = kcalloc(nr_irqs, sizeof(void *), GFP_NOWAIT);
-
- legacy_count = ARRAY_SIZE(irq_desc_legacy);
-
- //初始化之
- for (i = 0; i < legacy_count; i++) {
- desc[i].irq = i;
- desc[i].kstat_irqs = kstat_irqs_legacy + i * nr_cpu_ids;
- lockdep_set_class(&desc[i].lock, &irq_desc_lock_class);
- alloc_desc_masks(&desc[i], node, true);
- init_desc_masks(&desc[i]);
- irq_desc_ptrs[i] = desc + i;
- }
-
- //初始化余下的
- for (i = legacy_count; i < nr_irqs; i++)
- irq_desc_ptrs[i] = NULL;
- }
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这样,每个irq_desc_ptrs的槽位的初始化工作就完成了。值得注意的是,这里并没有初始化中断描述符的电流处理句柄handle_irq成员。这是留到具体的控制器中去完成的,还是以8259A为例:
- void make_8259A_irq(unsigned int irq)
- {
- disable_irq_nosync(irq);
- io_apic_irqs &= ~(1<<irq);
- set_irq_chip_and_handler_name(irq, &i8259A_chip, handle_level_irq,
- "XT");
- enable_irq(irq);
- }
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set_irq_chip_and_handler_name函数是内核提供的处理注册irq_chip和设置电流处理程序的API之一:
- void
- set_irq_chip_and_handler_name(unsigned int irq, struct irq_chip *chip,
- irq_flow_handler_t handle, const char *name)
- {
- //取得IRQ对应的中断描述符,设置其chip成员
- set_irq_chip(irq, chip);
- //设置IRQ对应的中断描述符的handle_irq成员
- __set_irq_handler(irq, handle, 0, name);
- }
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这样,i8259A_chip控制器的电流处理程序被注册为handle_level_irq,即为电平触发中断,对应的,边沿触发中断的处理程序是handle_edge_irq。
- void
- handle_level_irq(unsigned int irq, struct irq_desc *desc)
- {
- struct irqaction *action;
- irqreturn_t action_ret;
-
- spin_lock(&desc->lock);
- mask_ack_irq(desc, irq);
-
- //后面的代码在应答的中断后,会调置IRQ_INPROGRESS标志,这里做一个简单检查
- if (unlikely(desc->status & IRQ_INPROGRESS))
- goto out_unlock;
- //清除IRQ_REPLAY | IRQ_WAITING标志位
- desc->status &= ~(IRQ_REPLAY | IRQ_WAITING);
- //统计
- kstat_incr_irqs_this_cpu(irq, desc);
-
- /*
- * If its disabled or no action available
- * keep it masked and get out of here
- */
- //从中断描述符中取得action
- action = desc->action;
- //如果没有action,或者是中断被关闭,退出
- if (unlikely(!action || (desc->status & IRQ_DISABLED)))
- goto out_unlock;
-
- //设置IRQ_INPROGRESS,表示正在处理
- desc->status |= IRQ_INPROGRESS;
- spin_unlock(&desc->lock);
-
- //调用高层的中断处理程序handle_IRQ_event进一步处理
- action_ret = handle_IRQ_event(irq, action);
- if (!noirqdebug)
- note_interrupt(irq, desc, action_ret);
-
- spin_lock(&desc->lock);
- //处理完毕,清除正在处理标志
- desc->status &= ~IRQ_INPROGRESS;
- //如果IRQ没有被禁用,调用chip的unmask
- if (!(desc->status & IRQ_DISABLED) && desc->chip->unmask)
- desc->chip->unmask(irq);
- out_unlock:
- spin_unlock(&desc->lock);
- }
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略过一些硬件的细节差异,handle_edge_irq处理过程类似,它最终也会调用高层的中断处理程序handle_IRQ_event。 四、中断处理程序函数 每个中断处理程序函数都由结构struct irqaction表示,也就是上述中断描述符的最后一个成员:
- struct irqaction {
- irq_handler_t handler;
- unsigned long flags;
- cpumask_t mask;
- const char *name;
- void *dev_id;
- struct irqaction *next;
- int irq;
- struct proc_dir_entry *dir;
- irq_handler_t thread_fn;
- struct task_struct *thread;
- unsigned long thread_flags;
- };
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该结构中,最重要的叫员就是处理函数本身,也就是其第一个成员。 flags包含一些标志信,例如IRQF_SHARED/IRQF_TIMER等。 mask存储其CPU位图掩码; name和dev_id唯一地标识一个中断处理程序; next成员用于实现共享的IRQ处理程序,相同irq号的一个或几个irqaction汇聚在一个链表中。 小结一下,上述三个重要数据结构的关系就很清楚了: irq_desc数组包含若干成员,每个成员都一个chip指针,指向对应的中断控制器结构,action指向,指向中断处理函数结构irqaction,若干个具体相同irq的中断处理函数结构串在一个链表上。 irqaction是中断子系统面向驱动程序界面提供的接口,驱动程序在初始化的时候向内核注册,调用request_irq向中断子系统注册,request_irq函数会构造一个action,并将其关联到相应的中断描述符上。 五、IDT表与中断的触发 中断的触发,或者称之为中断路由,表示一个中断如何达到上述的中断处理函数中。 IDT(Interrupt Descriptor Table)中断描述表,IDT是个有256个入口的线形表,每个中断向量关联了一个中断处理过程。当计算机运行在实模式时,IDT被初始化并由BIOS使用。然而,一旦真正进入了Linux内核,IDT就被移到内存的另一个区域,并进行进入实模式的初步初始化。内核的初始化流程如下:
- start_kernel
- ->init_IRQ
- ->native_init_IRQ
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- void __init native_init_IRQ(void)
- {
- ……
- //更新外部中断(IRQ)的IDT表项
- for (i = FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR; i < NR_VECTORS; i++) {
- /* IA32_SYSCALL_VECTOR could be used in trap_init already. */
- //跳过系统调用(trap)使用过的槽位
- if (!test_bit(i, used_vectors))
- set_intr_gate(i, interrupt[i-FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR]);
- }
- }
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set_intr_gate在IDT的第i个表项插入一个中断门。门中的段选择符设置为内核代码的段选择符,基偏移量为中断处理程序的地址, 即为第二个参数interrupt[i-FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR]。 interrupt数组在entry_32.S中定义,它本质上都会跳转到common_interrupt:
- .section .init.rodata,"a"
- ENTRY(interrupt)
- .text
- .p2align 5
- .p2align CONFIG_X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT
- ENTRY(irq_entries_start)
- RING0_INT_FRAME
- vector=FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR
- .rept (NR_VECTORS-FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR+6)/7
- .balign 32
- .rept 7
- .if vector < NR_VECTORS
- .if vector <> FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR
- CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET -4
- .endif
- 1: pushl $(~vector+0x80) /* Note: always in signed byte range */
- CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET 4
- .if ((vector-FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR)%7) <> 6
- jmp 2f
- .endif
- .previous
- .long 1b
- .text
- vector=vector+1
- .endif
- .endr
- 2: jmp common_interrupt
- .endr
- END(irq_entries_start)
-
- .previous
- END(interrupt)
- .previous
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common_interrupt是所有外部中断的统一入口:
- /*
- * the CPU automatically disables interrupts when executing an IRQ vector,
- * so IRQ-flags tracing has to follow that:
- */
- .p2align CONFIG_X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT
- common_interrupt:
- //将中断向量号减256。内核用负数表示所有的中断
- addl $-0x80,(%esp) /* Adjust vector into the [-256,-1] range */
- //调用SAVE_ALL宏保存寄存器的值
- SAVE_ALL
- TRACE_IRQS_OFF
- //保存栈顶地址
- movl %esp,%eax
- //调用do_IRQ函数
- call do_IRQ
- //从中断返回
- jmp ret_from_intr
- ENDPROC(common_interrupt)
- CFI_ENDPROC
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这样,就进入了著名的do_IRQ函数了,到这里,基本上有平台相关的汇编代码的处理流程就结束了,相对而言,我还是更喜欢C语言:
- /*
- * do_IRQ handles all normal device IRQ's (the special
- * SMP cross-CPU interrupts have their own specific
- * handlers).
- */
- unsigned int __irq_entry do_IRQ(struct pt_regs *regs)
- {
- //取得原来的寄存器
- struct pt_regs *old_regs = set_irq_regs(regs);
-
- /* high bit used in ret_from_ code */
- //取得中断向量号
- unsigned vector = ~regs->orig_ax;
- unsigned irq;
-
- //退出idle进程
- exit_idle();
- //进入中断
- irq_enter();
-
- //中断线号与设备的中断号之间对应关系,由系统分派,分派表是一个per-cpu变量vector_irq
- irq = __get_cpu_var(vector_irq)[vector];
-
- //处理之
- if (!handle_irq(irq, regs)) {
- //应答APIC
- ack_APIC_irq();
-
- if (printk_ratelimit())
- pr_emerg("%s: %d.%d No irq handler for vector (irq %d)\n",
- __func__, smp_processor_id(), vector, irq);
- }
-
- //结束中断
- irq_exit();
-
- set_irq_regs(old_regs);
- return 1;
- }
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handle_irq函数根据中断号,查找相应的desc结构,调用其handle_irq:
- bool handle_irq(unsigned irq, struct pt_regs *regs)
- {
- struct irq_desc *desc;
- int overflow;
-
- overflow = check_stack_overflow();
-
- desc = irq_to_desc(irq); //取得irq对应的中断描述符,irq_to_desc函数一开始就已经分析过了
- if (unlikely(!desc))
- return false;
-
- if (!execute_on_irq_stack(overflow, desc, irq)) {
- if (unlikely(overflow))
- print_stack_overflow();
- desc->handle_irq(irq, desc);
- }
-
- return true;
- }
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如果是在中断栈上调用,则稍微复杂一点,需要先构造一个中断栈,再调用handle_irq。
- static inline int
- execute_on_irq_stack(int overflow, struct irq_desc *desc, int irq)
- {
- union irq_ctx *curctx, *irqctx;
- u32 *isp, arg1, arg2;
-
- curctx = (union irq_ctx *) current_thread_info();
- irqctx = __get_cpu_var(hardirq_ctx);
-
- /*
- * this is where we switch to the IRQ stack. However, if we are
- * already using the IRQ stack (because we interrupted a hardirq
- * handler) we can't do that and just have to keep using the
- * current stack (which is the irq stack already after all)
- */
- if (unlikely(curctx == irqctx))
- return 0;
-
- /* build the stack frame on the IRQ stack */
- isp = (u32 *) ((char *)irqctx + sizeof(*irqctx));
- irqctx->tinfo.task = curctx->tinfo.task;
- irqctx->tinfo.previous_esp = current_stack_pointer;
-
- /*
- * Copy the softirq bits in preempt_count so that the
- * softirq checks work in the hardirq context.
- */
- irqctx->tinfo.preempt_count =
- (irqctx->tinfo.preempt_count & ~SOFTIRQ_MASK) |
- (curctx->tinfo.preempt_count & SOFTIRQ_MASK);
-
- if (unlikely(overflow))
- call_on_stack(print_stack_overflow, isp);
-
- asm volatile("xchgl %%ebx,%%esp \n"
- "call *%%edi \n"
- "movl %%ebx,%%esp \n"
- : "=a" (arg1), "=d" (arg2), "=b" (isp)
- : "0" (irq), "1" (desc), "2" (isp),
- "D" (desc->handle_irq)
- : "memory", "cc", "ecx");
- return 1;
- }
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中断栈的构造过程,我在《Linux软中断的实现》一文中分析过了,可以在坛子中搜索。 如前所述,handle_irq函数指针,指向了handle_level_irq,或者是handle_edge_irq。不论是哪一种,中断电流处理函数在会调用handle_IRQ_event进一步处理,handle_IRQ_event函数的本质是遍历中断号上所有的action,调用其handler。这是在设备驱动初始化时向中断子系统注册的: /** * handle_IRQ_event - irq action chain handler * @irq: the interrupt number * @action: the interrupt action chain for this irq * * Handles the action chain of an irq event */ irqreturn_t handle_IRQ_event(unsigned int irq, struct irqaction *action) { irqreturn_t ret, retval = IRQ_NONE; unsigned int status = 0; //因为CPU会禁止中断,这里将其打开,如果没有指定IRQF_DISABLED标志的话,它表示处理程序在中断禁止情况下运行 if (!(action->flags & IRQF_DISABLED)) local_irq_enable_in_hardirq(); //遍历当前irq的action链表中的所有action,调用之 do { //打开中断跟踪 trace_irq_handler_entry(irq, action); //调用中断处理函数 ret = action->handler(irq, action->dev_id); //结束跟踪 trace_irq_handler_exit(irq, action, ret); switch (ret) { case IRQ_WAKE_THREAD: /* * Set result to handled so the spurious check * does not trigger. */ ret = IRQ_HANDLED; /* * Catch drivers which return WAKE_THREAD but * did not set up a thread function */ if (unlikely(!action->thread_fn)) { warn_no_thread(irq, action); break; } /* * Wake up the handler thread for this * action. In case the thread crashed and was * killed we just pretend that we handled the * interrupt. The hardirq handler above has * disabled the device interrupt, so no irq * storm is lurking. */ if (likely(!test_bit(IRQTF_DIED, &action->thread_flags))) { set_bit(IRQTF_RUNTHREAD, &action->thread_flags); wake_up_process(action->thread); } /* Fall through to add to randomness */ case IRQ_HANDLED: status |= action->flags; break; default: break; } retval |= ret; //取得链表中的下一个action,如果有的话 action = action->next; } while (action); //如果指定了标志,则使用中断间隔时间为随机数产生器产生熵 if (status & IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM) add_interrupt_randomness(irq); //关闭中断,do_IRQ进入下一轮循环——等待新的中断到来 local_irq_disable(); return retval; } 六、中断处理函数的注册 request_irq 很显然,如果驱动程序需要处理与中断相关的工作,它就应该注册一个中断处理程序。也就是构造一个前文所述irqaction, 并挂到前文描述中,中断描述符的链表中去,request_irq API函数完成这一工作,其原型如下: @irq:要分配的中断号 @hander: 中断处理函数指针,这是工作的核心 @flags:中断标志位,可以是IRQF_DISABLED,IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM,IRQF_TIMER,IRQF_SHARED等; @name:中断设备的文件描述; @dev:用于中断共享,它提供设备的唯一标识信息。
- static inline int __must_check
- request_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler, unsigned long flags,
- const char *name, void *dev)
- {
- return request_threaded_irq(irq, handler, NULL, flags, name, dev);
- }
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例如,e100驱动中注册其中断处理函数:
- static int e100_up(struct nic *nic)
- {
- ……
- if ((err = request_irq(nic->pdev->irq, e100_intr, IRQF_SHARED,
- nic->netdev->name, nic->netdev)))
- ……
- }
复制代码
与老的request_irq不同在于,request_irq调用了request_threaded_irq,而不再是setup_irq函数。 这一改变的的理由在于,前者允许传递一个线程处理函数thread_fn,不过request_irq使用传递为NULL:
-
- int request_threaded_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler,
- irq_handler_t thread_fn, unsigned long irqflags,
- const char *devname, void *dev_id)
- {
- struct irqaction *action;
- struct irq_desc *desc;
- int retval;
-
- /*
- * handle_IRQ_event() always ignores IRQF_DISABLED except for
- * the _first_ irqaction (sigh). That can cause oopsing, but
- * the behavior is classified as "will not fix" so we need to
- * start nudging drivers away from using that idiom.
- */
- //标志位检查
- if ((irqflags & (IRQF_SHARED|IRQF_DISABLED)) ==
- (IRQF_SHARED|IRQF_DISABLED)) {
- pr_warning(
- "IRQ %d/%s: IRQF_DISABLED is not guaranteed on shared IRQs\n",
- irq, devname);
- }
-
- #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
- /*
- * Lockdep wants atomic interrupt handlers:
- */
- irqflags |= IRQF_DISABLED;
- #endif
- /*
- * Sanity-check: shared interrupts must pass in a real dev-ID,
- * otherwise we'll have trouble later trying to figure out
- * which interrupt is which (messes up the interrupt freeing
- * logic etc).
- */
- //共享中断,需要指定设备ID
- if ((irqflags & IRQF_SHARED) && !dev_id)
- return -EINVAL;
-
- //获取对应的中断描述符
- desc = irq_to_desc(irq);
- if (!desc)
- return -EINVAL;
-
- //IRQ_NOREQUEST标志意味着中断不能被请求注册
- if (desc->status & IRQ_NOREQUEST)
- return -EINVAL;
- if (!handler)
- return -EINVAL;
-
- //分配一个irqaction
- action = kzalloc(sizeof(struct irqaction), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!action)
- return -ENOMEM;
-
- //初始化之
- action->handler = handler;
- action->thread_fn = thread_fn;
- action->flags = irqflags;
- action->name = devname;
- action->dev_id = dev_id;
-
- //注册IRQ
- retval = __setup_irq(irq, desc, action);
- if (retval)
- kfree(action);
-
- //调试操作
- #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SHIRQ
- if (irqflags & IRQF_SHARED) {
- /*
- * It's a shared IRQ -- the driver ought to be prepared for it
- * to happen immediately, so let's make sure....
- * We disable the irq to make sure that a 'real' IRQ doesn't
- * run in parallel with our fake.
- */
- unsigned long flags;
-
- disable_irq(irq);
- local_irq_save(flags);
-
- handler(irq, dev_id);
-
- local_irq_restore(flags);
- enable_irq(irq);
- }
- #endif
- return retval;
- }
复制代码
具体的注册工作落实到了__setup_irq函数:
- /*
- * Internal function to register an irqaction - typically used to
- * allocate special interrupts that are part of the architecture.
- */
- static int
- __setup_irq(unsigned int irq, struct irq_desc *desc, struct irqaction *new)
- {
- struct irqaction *old, **old_ptr;
- const char *old_name = NULL;
- unsigned long flags;
- int shared = 0;
- int ret;
-
- //检查中断描述符其及对应用中断控制器
- if (!desc)
- return -EINVAL;
-
- if (desc->chip == &no_irq_chip)
- return -ENOSYS;
- /*
- * Some drivers like serial.c use request_irq() heavily,
- * so we have to be careful not to interfere with a
- * running system.
- */
- //如果指定了IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM,意味着设备将对内核随机数熵池有所贡献,rand_initialize_irq
- //函数处理相应的工作
- if (new->flags & IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM) {
- /*
- * This function might sleep, we want to call it first,
- * outside of the atomic block.
- * Yes, this might clear the entropy pool if the wrong
- * driver is attempted to be loaded, without actually
- * installing a new handler, but is this really a problem,
- * only the sysadmin is able to do this.
- */
- rand_initialize_irq(irq);
- }
-
- /*
- * Threaded handler ?
- */
- //如果指定了线程函数,则创建内核线程,并将其thread工作队列指针指向新创建的线程
- if (new->thread_fn) {
- struct task_struct *t;
-
- t = kthread_create(irq_thread, new, "irq/%d-%s", irq,
- new->name);
- if (IS_ERR(t))
- return PTR_ERR(t);
- /*
- * We keep the reference to the task struct even if
- * the thread dies to avoid that the interrupt code
- * references an already freed task_struct.
- */
- get_task_struct(t);
- new->thread = t;
- }
-
- /*
- * The following block of code has to be executed atomically
- */
- spin_lock_irqsave(&desc->lock, flags);
- old_ptr = &desc->action;
- old = *old_ptr;
- //考虑到一个事实,中断描述符的action链上,可能一个也没有,可能已经注册了一个或多个
- //如果是后者,则需要判断新伙伴是否是允许共享
- if (old) {
- /*
- * Can't share interrupts unless both agree to and are
- * the same type (level, edge, polarity). So both flag
- * fields must have IRQF_SHARED set and the bits which
- * set the trigger type must match.
- */
- //这里的验证表明,它使终使用第一个old来匹备,这意味着action链上的所有节点,都拥有相同的类型
- //后面的IRQF_PERCPU也是同样的道理
- if (!((old->flags & new->flags) & IRQF_SHARED) ||
- ((old->flags ^ new->flags) & IRQF_TRIGGER_MASK)) {
- old_name = old->name;
- goto mismatch;
- }
-
- #if defined(CONFIG_IRQ_PER_CPU)
- /* All handlers must agree on per-cpuness */
- if ((old->flags & IRQF_PERCPU) !=
- (new->flags & IRQF_PERCPU))
- goto mismatch;
- #endif
-
- /* add new interrupt at end of irq queue */
- //遍历到action链末尾,等待注册,这里循环也是使用了指向指针的指针,主要是为了添加新元素
- do {
- old_ptr = &old->next;
- old = *old_ptr;
- } while (old);
- //置共享标志,必须的
- shared = 1;
- }
-
- //如果是共享,则仅需要验证新的action的类型与中断描述符是否一致即可。
- //否则,这意味着中断描述符的action上一无所有,这是一个新伙计,则需要通过新的action,为中断描符述设置一些标志位、状态位等诸如此类
- if (!shared) {
-
- irq_chip_set_defaults(desc->chip);
-
- init_waitqueue_head(&desc->wait_for_threads);
-
- /* Setup the type (level, edge polarity) if configured: */
- if (new->flags & IRQF_TRIGGER_MASK) {
- ret = __irq_set_trigger(desc, irq,
- new->flags & IRQF_TRIGGER_MASK);
-
- if (ret)
- goto out_thread;
- } else
- compat_irq_chip_set_default_handler(desc);
- #if defined(CONFIG_IRQ_PER_CPU)
- if (new->flags & IRQF_PERCPU)
- desc->status |= IRQ_PER_CPU;
- #endif
-
- desc->status &= ~(IRQ_AUTODETECT | IRQ_WAITING |
- IRQ_INPROGRESS | IRQ_SPURIOUS_DISABLED);
-
- if (!(desc->status & IRQ_NOAUTOEN)) {
- desc->depth = 0;
- desc->status &= ~IRQ_DISABLED;
- desc->chip->startup(irq);
- } else
- /* Undo nested disables: */
- desc->depth = 1;
-
- /* Exclude IRQ from balancing if requested */
- if (new->flags & IRQF_NOBALANCING)
- desc->status |= IRQ_NO_BALANCING;
-
- /* Set default affinity mask once everything is setup */
- setup_affinity(irq, desc);
-
- } else if ((new->flags & IRQF_TRIGGER_MASK)
- && (new->flags & IRQF_TRIGGER_MASK)
- != (desc->status & IRQ_TYPE_SENSE_MASK)) {
- /* hope the handler works with the actual trigger mode... */
- pr_warning("IRQ %d uses trigger mode %d; requested %d\n",
- irq, (int)(desc->status & IRQ_TYPE_SENSE_MASK),
- (int)(new->flags & IRQF_TRIGGER_MASK));
- }
-
- //设置对中断号
- new->irq = irq;
- //注册之
- *old_ptr = new;
-
- /* Reset broken irq detection when installing new handler */
- desc->irq_count = 0;
- desc->irqs_unhandled = 0;
-
- /*
- * Check whether we disabled the irq via the spurious handler
- * before. Reenable it and give it another chance.
- */
- if (shared && (desc->status & IRQ_SPURIOUS_DISABLED)) {
- desc->status &= ~IRQ_SPURIOUS_DISABLED;
- __enable_irq(desc, irq, false);
- }
-
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&desc->lock, flags);
-
- /*
- * Strictly no need to wake it up, but hung_task complains
- * when no hard interrupt wakes the thread up.
- */
- //如果有内核线程,唤醒之
- if (new->thread)
- wake_up_process(new->thread);
-
- //注册proc
- register_irq_proc(irq, desc);
- new->dir = NULL;
- register_handler_proc(irq, new);
-
- return 0;
-
- mismatch:
- #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SHIRQ
- if (!(new->flags & IRQF_PROBE_SHARED)) {
- printk(KERN_ERR "IRQ handler type mismatch for IRQ %d\n", irq);
- if (old_name)
- printk(KERN_ERR "current handler: %s\n", old_name);
- dump_stack();
- }
- #endif
- ret = -EBUSY;
-
- out_thread:
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&desc->lock, flags);
- if (new->thread) {
- struct task_struct *t = new->thread;
-
- new->thread = NULL;
- if (likely(!test_bit(IRQTF_DIED, &new->thread_flags)))
- kthread_stop(t);
- put_task_struct(t);
- }
- return ret;
- }
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