迷宫类

/*
  Name:  迷宫类

  Copyright:始发于goal00001111的专栏；允许自由转载，但必须注明作者和出处
  Author:goal00001111
  Date: 20-05-10 15:33
  Description:
 1。建立迷宫（外围建筑围墙），可选择人工创建迷宫或计算机随机创建迷宫，还可修改迷宫
 2。设置入口和出口。
 3。寻找最短路径，分别采用了广度搜索，深度搜索（包括递归和非递归形式）
 4。若找到可行路径，打印路径，否则报告错误。
*/

#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
using namespace std;

const int M = 20;  //最大行数
const int N = 20;   //最大列数
enum {OPEN, CLOSE, PASSED, ROAD=-1}; //分别表示该点通，不通，已走和属于所选路径

class MiGong{
      struct stype{//存储每个路径点的有关数据；横坐标，纵坐标和其前驱在数组中的位置
            int x;
            int y;
            int pre;//在广度搜索中用来指向前驱，在深度搜索中用来表明目前所指的方向
      } way[M*N];

      int zx[4];//存储东南西北四个方向所对应的x的值
      int zy[4];//存储东南西北四个方向所对应的y的值
      int begin[2];//存储入口坐标
      int end[2]; //存储出口坐标
      int map[M+2][N+2];//存储迷宫地图
      int c_map[M+2][N+2];//存储迷宫地图拷贝
public:
      MiGong(); //构造函数，建立一个处处都关闭的迷宫

      void BuildMiGong(); //建立迷宫地图
      void PerfectMiGong();//修正迷宫地图
      void CopyMiGong();  //拷贝迷宫地图

      void GetBegin();//创建入口坐标
      void GetEnd(); //创建出口坐标
      bool IsBegin(int x, int y);//判断该点是否为入口
      bool IsEnd(int x, int y); //判断该点是否为出口

      bool ExtentSearchWay(); //寻找路径：广度搜索
      void PutQueue(int rear);//把队列路径显示到迷宫中
     
      bool DeepSearchWay(); //寻找路径：深度搜索
      bool Search(int x, int y);//深度搜索递归子函数
     
      bool DeepSearchWay_2(); //寻找路径：深度搜索
      void PutStack(int top); //把栈路径显示到迷宫中

      void PrintMiGong();//输出迷宫地图
      void PrintWay();//输出运动路径
};

MiGong::MiGong()//构造函数，建立一个处处都关闭的迷宫
{
      for (int i=0; i<M+2; i++)
            for (int j=1; j<=N; j++)
            {
                  if (i==0 || i==M+1)
                        map[i][j] = j;
                  else
                        map[i][j] = CLOSE;
            }
      for (int i=0; i<M+2; i++)
           map[i][0] = i;
      for (int i=0; i<M+2; i++)
           map[i][N+1] = i;

      zx[0]=1; zx[1]=0; zx[2]=-1; zx[3]=0;
      zy[0]=0; zy[1]=-1;zy[2]=0;  zy[3]=1;
}

void MiGong::GetBegin()//创建入口坐标
{
      do{
            cout << "请输入入口坐标：" << endl;
            cin >> begin[0];
            cin >> begin[1];
      } while (begin[0]<1 || begin[0]>M || begin[1]<1 || begin[1]>N);
}
void MiGong::GetEnd()//创建出口坐标
{
      do{
            cout << "请输入出口坐标：" << endl;
            cin >> end[0];
            cin >> end[1];
      } while (end[0]<1 || end[0]>M || end[1]<1 || end[1]>N);
}
bool MiGong::IsBegin(int x, int y)//判断该点是否为入口
{
      return (x==begin[0] && y==begin[1]) ? 1 : 0;
}
bool MiGong::IsEnd(int x, int y)//判断该点是否为出口
{
      return (x==end[0] && y==end[1]) ? 1 : 0;
}

void MiGong::BuildMiGong() //建立迷宫地图
{
      cout << "请选择建立迷宫的方法： 输入m表示人工建立，输入c表示计算机建立" << endl;
      char choice;
      do{
            cin >> choice;
      } while (choice != 'm' && choice != 'c');

      if (choice == 'm')
      {
            cout << "请输入迷宫地图，0表示通，1表示不通" << endl;
            for (int i=1; i<=M; i++)
                  for (int j=1; j<=N; j++)
                        cin >> map[i][j];
      }
      else
      {
            srand( (unsigned) time(NULL));
            for (int i=1; i<=M; i++)
                  for (int j=1; j<=N; j++)
                        map[i][j] = rand() % 2;
      }
}
void MiGong::PerfectMiGong()//修正迷宫地图
{
      int i, j;
      char choice;
      do{
            do{
                  cout << "请输入需要修改的坐标：（输入0，0结束）" << endl;
                  cin >> i;
                  cin >> j;
            } while (i<0 || i>M || j<0 || j>N);
            fflush(stdin);
            if (i!=0 && j!=0)
            {
                  do{
                        cout << "打开该点输入o，关闭该点输入c" << endl;
                        cin >> choice;
                        fflush(stdin);
                  } while (choice != 'c' && choice != 'o');
                  if (choice == 'o')
                        map[i][j] = OPEN;
                  else
                        map[i][j] = CLOSE;
                  PrintMiGong();
            }
      } while (i!=0 && j!=0);
}
void MiGong::CopyMiGong()//拷贝迷宫地图
{
      for (int i=0; i<M+2; i++)
            for (int j=0; j<N+2; j++)
                  c_map[i][j] = map[i][j];
}

void MiGong::PrintMiGong()//输出迷宫地图
{
      for (int i=0; i<M+2; i++)
      {
            for (int j=0; j<N+2; j++)
            {
                  if (i==0 || i==M+1 || j==0 || j==N+1)
                  {
                        if (map[i][j] < 10)
                              cout << 0;
                        cout << map[i][j];
                  }
                  else if (OPEN == map[i][j])
                        cout << ' ' << ' ';
                  else
                        cout << '#' << '#';
            }
            cout << endl;
      }
}
void MiGong::PrintWay() //输出运动路径
{
    int count = 0;
      for (int i=0; i<M+2; i++)
      {
            for (int j=0; j<N+2; j++)
            {
                  if (i==0 || i==M+1 || j==0 || j==N+1)
                  {
                        if (c_map[i][j] < 10)
                              cout << 0;
                        cout << c_map[i][j];
                  }
                  else if (ROAD == c_map[i][j])
                  {
            count++;
                        cout << char(2) << char(2);
      }
                  else if (OPEN == c_map[i][j])
                        cout << ' ' << ' ';
                  else
                        cout << '#' << '#';
            }
            cout << endl;
      }
      cout << "共" << count << "步" << endl;
}

bool MiGong::ExtentSearchWay()//寻找路径：广度搜索
{
      CopyMiGong();

      int front = 0; //队首
      int rear = 0;  //队尾
      bool find = false; //判断是否找到路径

      way[0].x = begin[0];
      way[0].y = begin[1];
      c_map[way[0].x][way[0].y] = PASSED; //该点已走过

      while (front<=rear && !find)
      {
            for (int i=0; i<4; i++)//判断当前路径点四周是否可通过
            {
                  int x = way[front].x + zx[i];
                  int y = way[front].y + zy[i];

                  if (c_map[x][y] == OPEN)//如果某个方向可通过，将该点纳入队列
                  {
                        rear++;
                        way[rear].x = x;
                        way[rear].y = y;
                        way[rear].pre = front;
                        c_map[x][y] = PASSED;
                  }
                  if (IsEnd(x, y)) //找到出口
                  {
                        PutQueue(rear); //把队列路径显示到迷宫中
                        find = true;
                  }
            }
            front++;
      }
      return find;
}

void MiGong::PutQueue(int rear) //把队列路径显示到迷宫中
{
      CopyMiGong();

      int i = rear;
      do {
            c_map[way[i].x][way[i].y] = ROAD;
            i = way[i].pre;
      } while (!IsBegin(way[i].x, way[i].y));

      c_map[begin[0]][begin[1]] = ROAD;
}

bool MiGong::DeepSearchWay()//寻找路径：深度搜索
{
      CopyMiGong();
     
      if (Search(begin[0], begin[1]))
      {
            c_map[begin[0]][begin[1]] = ROAD;
            return true;
      }
      return false;
}

bool MiGong::Search(int x, int y)//深度搜索递归子函数
{
    if (c_map[x][y] != OPEN)//如果某个方向不可通过
        return false;
     
   c_map[x][y] = PASSED; 
    if (IsEnd(x, y)) //找到出口
    {
         c_map[x][y] = ROAD; 
         return true;
      }
     
      for (int i=0; i<4; i++)//判断当前路径点四周是否可通过
      {
         if (Search(x+zx[i], y+zy[i]))
         {
               c_map[x][y] = ROAD;
               return true;
      }
   }
   return false;
}

bool MiGong::DeepSearchWay_2()//寻找路径：深度搜索
{
      CopyMiGong();

      int top = 0; //栈顶指针
      bool find = false; //判断是否找到路径

      way[0].x = begin[0];
      way[0].y = begin[1];
      way[0].pre = 0;
      c_map[way[0].x][way[0].y] = PASSED; //该点已走过

      while (top >= 0 && !find)
      {
      if (way[top].pre < 4)
      {
               int x = way[top].x + zx[way[top].pre];
               int y = way[top].y + zy[way[top].pre];

                  if (c_map[x][y] == OPEN)//如果某个方向可通过，将该点纳入栈
                  {
                        top++;
                        way[top].x = x;
                        way[top].y = y;
                        way[top].pre = 0;
                        c_map[x][y] = PASSED;
                  }
                  else  //否则换个方向
                        way[top].pre++;
                       
                  if (IsEnd(x, y)) //找到出口
                  {
                        PutStack(top); //把栈路径显示到迷宫中
                        find = true;
                  }
            }
            else
            {
       top--;
   }
      }
      return find;
}

void MiGong::PutStack(int top) //把栈路径显示到迷宫中
{
      CopyMiGong();

   while (top >= 0)
      {
            c_map[way[top].x][way[top].y] = ROAD;
            top--;
      }
}

int main()
{
      MiGong obj;
      char choice;

      do{
            obj.BuildMiGong();
            obj.PrintMiGong();
            cout << "对迷宫地图还满意吗？选择此迷宫输入y，重新选择迷宫输入n, 修改迷宫输入x" << endl;
            do{
                  cin >> choice;
            } while (choice != 'y' && choice != 'n' && choice != 'x');
      } while (choice == 'n');

      if (choice == 'x') //修正迷宫地图
            obj.PerfectMiGong();

      obj.GetBegin();  //创建入口坐标
      obj.GetEnd();  //创建出口坐标
     
      cout << "广度搜索：" << endl;
      if (obj.ExtentSearchWay()) //如果找到迷宫路径
            obj.PrintWay(); //输出路径
      else
            cout << "此路不通！" << endl;
     
   cout << "深度搜索1：" << endl;     
      if (obj.DeepSearchWay()) //如果找到迷宫路径
            obj.PrintWay(); //输出路径
      else
            cout << "此路不通！" << endl;
           
      cout << "深度搜索2：" << endl;     
      if (obj.DeepSearchWay_2()) //如果找到迷宫路径
            obj.PrintWay(); //输出路径
      else
            cout << "此路不通！" << endl;

      getchar();getchar();
      return 0;
}