rman实践指南

1.       设置数据库归档模式，把其中一个归档路径指定为FRA(可选设置)。

 

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/oracle/archivelog'

       2  /

 

System altered.

 

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='location=use_db_recovery_file_dest'

  2  /

 

System altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area  167772160 bytes

Fixed Size                  1218316 bytes

Variable Size              67111156 bytes

Database Buffers           96468992 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database archivelog;

 

Database altered.

 

SQL> alter database open;

 

Database altered.

 

2.       设置FRA (flash_reccovery_area)

 

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/oracle/backup/fra';

System altered.

这里的顺序不能颠倒。

 

3.       配置自动备份controlfile与spfile

这样在进行任何一个backup操作时都会备份controlfile与spfil，否则只是在备份datafile 1时，才对控制文件及spfile进行自动备份：

 

RMAN> connect target /

RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;

 

4.       rman备份恢复实践：

 

1)        全库备份：

 

RMAN> connect target /

 

connected to target database: LAW (DBID=2098252449)   要记下这里的dbid号码

 

RMAN> backup database;

 

Starting backup at 21-AUG-07

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=154 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00001 name=/oracle/oradata/law/system01.dbf

input datafile fno=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/law/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile fno=00002 name=/oracle/oradata/law/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/law/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

piece handle=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/backupset/2007_08_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20070821T071112_3dn7wjlc_.bkp tag=TAG20070821T071112 comment=NONE   这里是数据文件备份

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including current control file in backupset

including current SPFILE in backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

piece handle=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/backupset/2007_08_21/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20070821T071112_3dn7yyj4_.bkp tag=TAG20070821T071112 comment=NONE     这里是控制文件备份

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished backup at 21-AUG-07

 

2)        到FRA目录查看生成的备份文件：

 

[oracle@redhat fra]$ ls

LAW

[oracle@redhat fra]$ cd LAW

[oracle@redhat LAW]$ ls

archivelog  backupset

[oracle@redhat LAW]$ cd backupset/

[oracle@redhat backupset]$ ls

2007_08_21

[oracle@redhat backupset]$ cd 2007_08_21/

[oracle@redhat 2007_08_21]$ ls

o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20070821T071112_3dn7yyj4_.bkp

o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20070821T071112_3dn7wjlc_.bkp

 

3)        设置控制文件自动备份

 

RMAN> connect target /

 

connected to target database: LAW (DBID=2098252449)

 

RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;

 

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

new RMAN configuration parameters:

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

 

4)        查看上述设置的效果

 

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

 

Starting backup at 21-AUG-07

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=141 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/law/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

piece handle=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/backupset/2007_08_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20070821T071952_3dn8drmb_.bkp tag=TAG20070821T071952 comment=NONE  这里是数据文件备份

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished backup at 21-AUG-07

 

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 21-AUG-07

piece handle=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/autobackup/2007_08_21/o1_mf_s_631178395_3dn8dvxs_.bkp comment=NONE                                  这里是控制文件备份

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 21-AUG-07

 

至此备份完成

 

5)        切换日志文件，强制归档：

 

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

 

System altered.

 

SQL> /

 

System altered.

 

SQL> /

 

System altered.

 

6)        用scott连接数据库，创建一个新表，看进行数据库恢复后，这个表能否恢复：

 

SQL> connect scott/tiger

Connected.

 

SQL> create table t(a int);

 

Table created.

 

SQL> insert into t values(10);

 

1 row created.

 

SQL> commit;

 

Commit complete.

 

切换日志，强制包含上述操作的日志文件归档：

 

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

 

System altered.

 

SQL> /

 

System altered.

 

SQL> /

 

System altered.

 

7)        毁掉数据库

 

毁掉数据文件：

正常关闭数据库，先备份所有数据库文件(以防万一)，然后删除数据库的所有文件，模拟数据库彻底损坏：

 

[oracle@redhat oradata]$ cp -r law /oracle/bakup/bak/

[oracle@redhat oradata]$ cd law

[oracle@redhat law]$ rm -rf *

 

毁掉参数文件：

修改spfile的名称，模拟参数文件丢失：

 

[oracle@redhat archivelog]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@redhat dbs]$ ls

hc_law.dat  lkLAWLAW  snapcf_law.f   lkLAW       orapwlaw  spfilelaw.ora

[oracle@redhat dbs]$ mv spfilelaw.ora spfile.ora.bak

 

8)        查看当前的归档日志的序号，

从以下结果可以看出最后一个归档日志的序号是53(这个步骤不要忽略)，恢复时，归档日志只能应用到这个序号

 

[oracle@redhat ~]$ cd /oracle/archivelog/

[oracle@redhat archivelog]$ ls

1_39_616888033.dbf  1_43_616888033.dbf  1_47_616888033.dbf  1_51_616888033.dbf

1_40_616888033.dbf  1_44_616888033.dbf  1_48_616888033.dbf  1_52_616888033.dbf

1_41_616888033.dbf  1_45_616888033.dbf  1_49_616888033.dbf  1_53_616888033.dbf

1_42_616888033.dbf  1_46_616888033.dbf  1_50_616888033.dbf

 

9)        进行恢复工作

 

启动rman：

[oracle@redhat dbs]$ rman

 

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Aug 21 07:31:58 2007

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

执行set dbid命令：

 

RMAN> set dbid=2098252449

 

executing command: SET DBID

 

连接数据库：

 

RMAN> connect target /

 

connected to target database (not started)

 

启动数据库：

这时因为spfile已经不存在，Oracle使用一个默认的spfile启动实例：

 

RMAN> startup nomount

 

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initlaw.ora'

 

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrival of spfile   注意这句说明

Oracle instance started

 

Total System Global Area     159383552 bytes

 

Fixed Size                     1218268 bytes

Variable Size                 54528292 bytes

Database Buffers             100663296 bytes

Redo Buffers                   2973696 bytes

 

恢复参数文件：

下面命令报错

RMAN> restore spfile from autobackup;

 

Starting restore at 21-AUG-07

using channel ORA_DISK_1

 

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20070821

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20070820

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20070819

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20070818

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20070817

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20070816

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20070815

channel ORA_DISK_1: no autobackup in 7 days found

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 08/21/2007 07:41:16

RMAN-06172: no autobackup found or specified handle is not a valid copy or piece

 

指定参数文件所在的备份文件避免报错

RMAN> restore spfile from '/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/autobackup/2007_08_21/o1_mf_s_631178395_3dn8dvxs_.bkp';

 

Starting restore at 21-AUG-07

using channel ORA_DISK_1

 

channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: /oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/autobackup/2007_08_21/o1_mf_s_631178395_3dn8dvxs_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete

Finished restore at 21-AUG-07

 

切换至dbs目录，查看参数文件已经恢复到原来目录：

 

[oracle@redhat law]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@redhat dbs]$ ls

hc_law.dat  lkLAWLAW  snapcf_law.f   spfilelaw.ora.bak

lkLAW       orapwlaw  spfilelaw.ora

 

重新启动数据库，从而读取刚刚恢复的参数文件，得到其控制文件应该恢复至的目录：

 

RMAN> shutdown immediate

 

Oracle instance shut down

 

RMAN> startup nomount           这时spfile已经存在，不再使用默认的参数文件

 

connected to target database (not started)

Oracle instance started

 

Total System Global Area     167772160 bytes

 

Fixed Size                     1218316 bytes

Variable Size                 67111156 bytes

Database Buffers              96468992 bytes

Redo Buffers                   2973696 bytes

 

 

恢复控制文件：

 

RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;

 

Starting restore at 21-AUG-07

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK

 

recovery area destination: /oracle/bakup/fra

database name (or database unique name) used for search: LAW

channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found in the recovery area

channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: /oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/autobackup/2007_08_21/o1_mf_s_631178395_3dn8dvxs_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: control file restore from autobackup complete

output filename=/oracle/oradata/law/control01.ctl

output filename=/oracle/oradata/law/control02.ctl

output filename=/oracle/oradata/law/control03.ctl

Finished restore at 21-AUG-07

 

Mount数据库，准备恢复数据文件：

 

RMAN> alter database mount;

 

database mounted

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

 

恢复数据文件

控制文件中保存了数据文件的目录以及rman的备份信息，这时只要使用restore database即可。

 

RMAN> restore database;

 

Starting restore at 21-AUG-07

Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 21-AUG-07

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK

Crosschecked 3 objects

Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 21-AUG-07

 

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 21-AUG-07

using channel ORA_DISK_1

Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 21-AUG-07

 

searching for all files in the recovery area

cataloging files...

cataloging done

 

List of Cataloged Files

=======================

File Name: /oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/autobackup/2007_08_21/o1_mf_s_631178395_3dn8dvxs_.bkp

 

using channel ORA_DISK_1

 

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

restoring datafile 00001 to /oracle/oradata/law/system01.dbf

restoring datafile 00002 to /oracle/oradata/law/undotbs01.dbf

restoring datafile 00003 to /oracle/oradata/law/sysaux01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/backupset/2007_08_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20070821T071112_3dn7wjlc_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/backupset/2007_08_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20070821T071112_3dn7wjlc_.bkp tag=TAG20070821T071112

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:46

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

restoring datafile 00004 to /oracle/oradata/law/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/backupset/2007_08_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20070821T071952_3dn8drmb_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/backupset/2007_08_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20070821T071952_3dn8drmb_.bkp tag=TAG20070821T071952

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished restore at 21-AUG-07

 

对数据库进行recover操作：

 

RMAN> recover database until sequence 54;  注意这里的54是最后一个归档日志序号

 

Starting recover at 21-AUG-07

using channel ORA_DISK_1

 

starting media recovery

 

archive log thread 1 sequence 48 is already on disk as file /oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/archivelog/2007_08_21/o1_mf_1_48_3dncbvtv_.arc

archive log thread 1 sequence 49 is already on disk as file /oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/archivelog/2007_08_21/o1_mf_1_49_3dnccs7p_.arc

archive log thread 1 sequence 50 is already on disk as file /oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/archivelog/2007_08_21/o1_mf_1_50_3dnccwo3_.arc

archive log thread 1 sequence 51 is already on disk as file /oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/archivelog/2007_08_21/o1_mf_1_51_3dnccxg2_.arc

archive log thread 1 sequence 52 is already on disk as file /oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/archivelog/2007_08_21/o1_mf_1_52_3dncd3bw_.arc

archive log thread 1 sequence 53 is already on disk as file /oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/archivelog/2007_08_21/o1_mf_1_53_3dncd3dt_.arc

archive log filename=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/archivelog/2007_08_21/o1_mf_1_48_3dncbvtv_.arc thread=1 sequence=48

archive log filename=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/archivelog/2007_08_21/o1_mf_1_49_3dnccs7p_.arc thread=1 sequence=49

archive log filename=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/archivelog/2007_08_21/o1_mf_1_50_3dnccwo3_.arc thread=1 sequence=50

archive log filename=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/archivelog/2007_08_21/o1_mf_1_51_3dnccxg2_.arc thread=1 sequence=51

archive log filename=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/archivelog/2007_08_21/o1_mf_1_52_3dncd3bw_.arc thread=1 sequence=52

archive log filename=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/archivelog/2007_08_21/o1_mf_1_53_3dncd3dt_.arc thread=1 sequence=53

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished recover at 21-AUG-07

 

因为进行了不完全恢复，必须以resetlogs方式打开数据库；

 

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

 

database opened

 

在sqlplus中以scott连接数据库，查看其创建的表t是否被完整恢复：

 

SQL> conn scott/tiger

Connected.

SQL> select * from t;

 

         A

----------

        10

 

5.       差异备份

 

首先进行0级备份

RMAN> backup incremental level=0 database;

 

Starting backup at 21-AUG-07

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00001 name=/oracle/oradata/law/system01.dbf

input datafile fno=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/law/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile fno=00002 name=/oracle/oradata/law/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/law/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

piece handle=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/backupset/2007_08_21/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20070821T082940_3dndhnh0_.bkp tag=TAG20070821T082940 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45

Finished backup at 21-AUG-07

 

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 21-AUG-07

piece handle=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/autobackup/2007_08_21/o1_mf_s_631182625_3dndk29l_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 21-AUG-07

 

1级备份

 

RMAN> backup incremental level=1 database;

 

Starting backup at 21-AUG-07

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00001 name=/oracle/oradata/law/system01.dbf

input datafile fno=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/law/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile fno=00002 name=/oracle/oradata/law/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/law/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

piece handle=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/backupset/2007_08_21/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20070821T083051_3dndkvmq_.bkp tag=TAG20070821T083051 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25

Finished backup at 21-AUG-07

 

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 21-AUG-07

piece handle=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/autobackup/2007_08_21/o1_mf_s_631182676_3dndlo8t_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 21-AUG-07

 

 

6.       备份数据文件

 

RMAN> backup datafile 3;

 

Starting backup at 21-AUG-07

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/law/sysaux01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

piece handle=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/backupset/2007_08_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20070821T083129_3dndm1wr_.bkp tag=TAG20070821T083129 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

Finished backup at 21-AUG-07

 

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 21-AUG-07

piece handle=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/autobackup/2007_08_21/o1_mf_s_631182704_3dndmkln_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 21-AUG-07

 

7.       备份当前控制文件

RMAN> backup current controlfile;

 

8.       修改自动备份控制文件为off的效果

 

RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup off;

 

old RMAN configuration parameters:

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

new RMAN configuration parameters:

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;

new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

 

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

 

Starting backup at 21-AUG-07

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/law/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-AUG-07

piece handle=/oracle/bakup/fra/LAW/backupset/2007_08_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20070821T090700_3dngonxl_.bkp tag=TAG20070821T090700 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 21-AUG-07       这里已经不包含控制文件及参数文件备份。