ListView 和 Adapter 的基础
工作原理:
如果我们有上亿个项目要显示怎么办?为每个项目创建一个新视图?NO!这不可能!
实际上Android为你缓存了视图。
Android中有个叫做Recycler的构件,下图是他的工作原理:
[核心方法: Adapter.getView()]
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){...}
这个方法就是用来获得指定位置要显示的View。官网解释如下:
Get a View that displays the data at the specified position in the data set. You can either create a View manually or inflate it from an XML layout file.
当要显示一个View就调用一次这个方法。这个方法是ListView性能好坏的关键。方法中有个convertView,这个是Android在 为我们而做的缓存机制。
ListView中每个item都是通过getView返回并显示的,假如item有很多个,那么重复创建这么多对象来显示显然是不合理。因 此,Android提供了Recycler,将没有正在显示的item放进RecycleBin,然后在显示新视图时从RecycleBin中复用这个 View。
Recycler的工作原理大致如下:
假设屏幕最多能看到11个item,那么当第1个item滚出屏幕,这个item的View进入RecycleBin中,第12个要出现前,通过 getView从回收站(RecycleBin)中重用这个View,然后设置数据,而不必重新创建一个View。
个人理解补充:【convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1,
null
);】
【(TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text)】
请看下面的示例代码,这里在getView中使用了System.out进行输出
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public
class
MultipleItemsList
extends
ListActivity {
private
MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mAdapter =
new
MyCustomAdapter();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i <
50
; i++) {
mAdapter.addItem(
"item "
+ i);
}
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
}
private
class
MyCustomAdapter
extends
BaseAdapter {
private
ArrayList mData =
new
ArrayList();
private
LayoutInflater mInflater;
public
MyCustomAdapter() {
mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
public
void
addItem(
final
String item) {
mData.add(item);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
@Override
public
int
getCount() {
return
mData.size();
}
@Override
public
String getItem(
int
position) {
return
mData.get(position);
}
@Override
public
long
getItemId(
int
position) {
return
position;
}
@Override
public
View getView(
int
position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
System.out.println(
"getView "
+ position +
" "
+ convertView);
ViewHolder holder =
null
;
if
(convertView ==
null
) {
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1,
null
);
holder =
new
ViewHolder();
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
convertView.setTag(holder);
}
else
{
holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
}
holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
return
convertView;
}
}
public
static
class
ViewHolder {
public
TextView textView;
}
}
|
执行程序,然后在Logcat中查看日志
getView 被调用 9 次 ,convertView 对于所有的可见项目是空值(如下)
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.559
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
0
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.570
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
1
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.589
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
2
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.599
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
3
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.619
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
4
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.629
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
5
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.708
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
6
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.719
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
7
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.729
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
8
null
|
然后稍微向下滚动List,直到item10出现:
convertView仍然是空值,因为recycler中没有视图(item1的边缘仍然可见,在顶端)
02
-
05
13
:
48
:
25.169
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
9
null
|
再滚动List
convertView不是空值了!item1离开屏幕到Recycler中去了,然后item11被创建
02
-
05
13
:
48
:
42.879
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
10
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437430f8
|
再滚动:
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.069
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
11
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437447d0
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.142
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
12
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43744ff8
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.279
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
13
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43743fa8
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.350
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
14
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43745820
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.429
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
15
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43746048
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.550
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
16
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43746870
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.669
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
17
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43747098
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.839
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
18
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437478c0
02
-
05
14
:
03
:
30.900
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
19
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43748df0
02
-
05
14
:
03
:
32.069
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
20
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437430f8
|
convertView 如我们所期待的非空了,在item11离开屏幕之后,它的视图(@437430f8)作为convertView容纳item21了
我们再举一个稍微复杂的例子,在上例的list中加入一些分隔线
你需要做这些:
以下是代码:
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public
class
MultipleItemsList
extends
ListActivity {
private
MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mAdapter =
new
MyCustomAdapter();
for
(
int
i =
1
; i <
50
; i++) {
mAdapter.addItem(
"item "
+ i);
if
(i %
4
==
0
) {
mAdapter.addSeparatorItem(
"separator "
+ i);
}
}
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
}
private
class
MyCustomAdapter
extends
BaseAdapter {
private
static
final
int
TYPE_ITEM =
0
;
private
static
final
int
TYPE_SEPARATOR =
1
;
private
static
final
int
TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR +
1
;
private
ArrayList mData =
new
ArrayList();
private
LayoutInflater mInflater;
private
TreeSet mSeparatorsSet =
new
TreeSet();
public
MyCustomAdapter() {
mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
public
void
addItem(
final
String item) {
mData.add(item);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
public
void
addSeparatorItem(
final
String item) {
mData.add(item);
// save separator position
mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size() -
1
);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
@Override
public
int
getItemViewType(
int
position) {
return
mSeparatorsSet.contains(position) ? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM;
}
@Override
public
int
getViewTypeCount() {
return
TYPE_MAX_COUNT;
}
@Override
public
int
getCount() {
return
mData.size();
}
@Override
public
String getItem(
int
position) {
return
mData.get(position);
}
@Override
public
long
getItemId(
int
position) {
return
position;
}
@Override
public
View getView(
int
position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder =
null
;
int
type = getItemViewType(position);
System.out.println(
"getView "
+ position +
" "
+ convertView +
" type = "
+ type);
if
(convertView ==
null
) {
holder =
new
ViewHolder();
switch
(type) {
case
TYPE_ITEM:
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1,
null
);
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
break
;
case
TYPE_SEPARATOR:
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2,
null
);
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator);
break
;
}
convertView.setTag(holder);
}
else
{
holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
}
holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
return
convertView;
}
}
public
static
class
ViewHolder {
public
TextView textView;
}
}
|
运行程序,你会看到每4个item一个分割线
看看日志,无异常,所有的convertView都是空的
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-
05
15
:
19
:
03.080
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
0
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.112
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
1
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.130
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
2
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.141
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
3
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.160
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
4
null
type =
1
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.170
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
5
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.180
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
6
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.190
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
7
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.210
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
8
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.210
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
9
null
type =
1
|
滚动list:
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
54.160
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
10
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
57.440
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
11
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43744528
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
01.310
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
12
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43744eb0
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
01.880
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
13
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437456d8
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
02.869
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
14
null
type =
1
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
06.489
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
15
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43745f00
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
07.749
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
16
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43747170
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
10.250
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
17
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43747998
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
11.661
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
18
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437481c0
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
13.180
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
19
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437468a0
type =
1
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
16.900
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
20
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437489e8
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
25.690
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
21
android.widget.LinearLayout
@4374a8d8
type =
0
|
convertView对于分割线是空的,直到第一个分割线可见,当其离开屏幕,视图去到Recycler并且convertView开始起作用。
本文也参考了 http://android.amberfog.com/?p=296
代码下载:MultipleItemsList.zip – source code