Python-Requests模拟登录－实现图书馆座位自动预约
配置
通过公网主机定时运行脚本，并发送邮件到自己的qq邮箱，这样在微信就会有消息提示是否预约成功
vim /etc/crontab
设置每到早上7:01自动运行脚本即可
程序流程
(以yuyue.juneberry.cn网站为例)
- get访问登录页面，获取cookie和表单里面的隐藏post字段
- 构造登录post数据，加入从表单里面拿到的隐藏post字段
- post构造后的数据，模拟登录，激活cookie(使cookie有登入权限)
- get访问座位预约界面，激活cookie(使cookie有预约座位权限)
- post预约请求，实现预约座位
- 解析返回结果，判断是否成功，并邮件提醒
要点
- requests库中的
requests.session()能够创建可传递cookies的会话 - 拿到
<input type=hidden>的数据并传递到post的数据中 - 抓包判断网站逻辑，筛选出各个请求的参数，并在程序中实现
函数解释
class FUCK()主类_get_date_str(self):获取当前日期，并加上一天，用这个函数构造url的特征字段（图书馆设置提前一天预约座位）def _get_order_url(self):构造＂预约座位＂的post目标urldef _get_static_post_attr:这个函数解析get请求的返回页面，并从中提取出<input type=hidden>的字段，用于之后的构造post数据def login(self):实现登录功能def run(self):实现座位预约功能def _is_success(self, text):判断预约结果def error_log_once(self, text='default error (once)'):
def error_log(self, text='default error'):这两个函数设置程序状态为＂已经出错＂或者＂未出错＂状态(用于自动化运行的时候避免将重复的错误信息写入日志)def error_log(self, text='default error'):单次将错误信息写入本地日志sendmail.send_mail()邮件发送模块
代码及注释
# /bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time
import sys
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from mail import sendmail
__author__ = 'xy'
# 主类
class FUCK():
def __init__(self, username, password, seatNO, mailto):
""" 以四个参数初始化，用户名，密码，要预约的座位号，接受预约结果提醒邮件的邮箱 """
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.seatNO = seatNO
self.mailto = mailto
self.base_url = 'http://yuyue.juneberry.cn'
self.login_url = 'http://yuyue.juneberry.cn'
self.order_url = self._get_order_url()
self.login_content = ''
self.middle_content = ''
self.final_content = ''
self.s = requests.session() # 创建可传递cookies的会话
# post data for login
self.data1 = {
'subCmd': 'Login',
'txt_LoginID': self.username, # S+学号
'txt_Password': self.password, # 密码
'selSchool': 60, # 60表示北京交通大学
}
# post data for order a seat
self.data2 = {
'subCmd': 'query',
}
# 自定义http头，然而我在程序里并没有使用
self.headers = {
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
}
self.login()
self.run()
self._is_success(self.final_content)
# 怀疑程序出错时，取消下行注释，可打印一些参数
# self._debug()
def _get_date_str(self):
s = time.localtime(time.time())
########333
date_str = str(s.tm_year) + '%2f' + str(s.tm_mon) + '%2f' + str(s.tm_mday + 1)
date_str = date_str.replace('%2f1%2f32', '%2f2%2f1') \
.replace('%2f2%2f29', '%2f3%2f1') \
.replace('%2f3%2f32', '%2f4%2f1') \
.replace('%2f4%2f31', '%2f5%2f1') \
.replace('%2f5%2f32', '%2f6%2f1') \
.replace('%2f6%2f31', '%2f7%2f1') \
.replace('%2f7%2f32', '%2f8%2f1') \
.replace('%2f8%2f32', '%2f9%2f1') \
.replace('%2f9%2f31', '%2f10%2f1') \
.replace('%2f10%2f32', '%2f11%2f1') \
.replace('%2f11%2f31', '%2f12%2f1') \
.replace('%2f12%2f32', '%2f1%2f1')
return date_str
def _get_order_url(self):
return "http://yuyue.juneberry.cn/BookSeat/BookSeatMessage.aspx?seatNo=101001" + self.seatNO + "&seatShortNo=01" + self.seatNO + "&roomNo=101001&date=" + self._get_date_str()
def _get_static_post_attr(self, page_content, data_dict):
""" 拿到<input type='hidden'>的post参数，并添加到post_data中 """
soup = BeautifulSoup(page_content, "html.parser")
for each in soup.find_all('input'):
if 'value' in each.attrs and 'name' in each.attrs:
data_dict[each['name']] = each['value'] # 添加到login的post_data中
# self.data2[each['name']] = each['value'] # 添加到order的post_data中
return data_dict
def _debug(self):
print self.order_url
print self.data1
print self.data2
print self.headers
print self.s.cookies
# print self.login_content
# print self.middle_content
print self.final_content
def login(self):
homepage_content = self.s.get(self.base_url).content
self.data1 = self._get_static_post_attr(homepage_content, self.data1)
r = self.s.post(self.login_url, self.data1)
self.login_content = r.content
def run(self):
# 这个get的意思是：原先的cookie没有预约权限，
# 访问这个get之后，会使cookie拥有预约权限，从而执行下一个post
self.middle_content = self.s.get('http://yuyue.juneberry.cn/BookSeat/BookSeatListForm.aspx').content
# 经测试，这个post只需要一个subCmd的参数就可以正常返回，因此不必根据get内容更新post参数
# self.data2 = self._get_static_post_attr(middle_content, self.data2)
# 这个post请求完成了预约功能！
r = self.s.post(self.order_url, self.data2)
self.final_content = r.content
def _is_success(self, text):
""" 接受最终的html内容，判断是否成功，并触发日志记录和邮件提醒 """
if '<h5 id="MessageTip">已经存在有效的预约记录。</h5>' in text:
self.clear_error_once('[done!] You already ordered a seat!')
elif '<h5 id="MessageTip">选择的日期不允许预约。</h5>' in text:
self.clear_error_once('[done!] Date is wrong!')
elif '<h5 id="MessageTip">所选座位已经被预约。</h5>' in text:
self.clear_error_once('[done!] This seat is not available, maybe taken by others!')
elif '<h5 id="MessageTip">座位预约成功' in text:
self.clear_error_once('[done!] Success! An email is sending to you!')
sendmail.send_mail('BJTU Library Seat_NO:' + self.seatNO + 'ordered!',
'Sending by robot. Do not reply this mail!', self.mailto)
else:
self.error_log_once('Error! 302 to login page')
def error_log_once(self, text='default error (once)'):
try:
is_error_file = open('./isopen_xy.txt', 'r')
except:
is_error_file = open('./isopen_xy.txt', 'w')
if '1' not in is_error_file.read():
print 'writting error to log...'
self.error_log(text)
else:
print 'already written to log'
is_error_file.close()
sendmail.send_mail('BJTU_Library system error once !', 'error text!')
def error_log(self, text='default error'):
is_error_file = open('./isopen_xy.txt', 'w')
is_error_file.write('1\n')
is_error_file.close()
f = open("./log_xy.txt", 'a')
f.write(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X", time.localtime()) + text + '\n')
f.close()
def clear_error_once(self, text='success'):
print text
is_error_file = open('./isopen_xy.txt', 'w')
is_error_file.write('0\n')
is_error_file.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(sys.argv) < 5:
print 'Usage: python library.py [username] [password] [seat_NO] [email]'
print 'eg. python library.py S13280001 123456 003 XXXX@qq.com\n'
print 'Any problems, mail to: i[at]cdxy.me'
print '#-*- Edit by cdxy 16.03.24 -*-'
sys.exit(0)
else:
FUCK(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3], sys.argv[4])