DropWizard是由Yammer开发团队贡献的一个后台服务开发框架,其集成了Java生态系统中各个问题域中最优秀的组件,帮助开发者快速的打造一个Rest风格的后台服务。
对开发者来说,使用DropWizard有如下好处:
1、和Maven集成良好,也就是说和Gradle集成也很良好;
2、开发迅速,部署简单;
3、代码结构好,可读性高;
4、自动为服务提供OM框架;
5、让开发者自然的把一个应用拆分为一个个的小服务
DropWizard结构的Web服务组成
1、Configuration:用于设置该服务的配置,比方说在服务开放在哪个端口,数据库配置是怎样的等等。
2、Application(即Service):该服务的主入口,定义该服务使用哪个配置文件,开放哪些Resource,该服务需要哪些HealthCheck等等。
3、Resource:定义一个资源,包括如何获取该资源,对该资源做Get/Post/Delete/Query时,对应的各种业务逻辑。
4、Representation:定义了一个服务返回值对象,当服务返回该对象时,会自动的把该对象按属性值生成一个Json格式的字符串返回给服务调用者。
5、HealthCheck:在DropWizard为每个服务提供的OM框架中用到,通过它可以随时检测当前服务是否可用。
1. eclipse新建maven项目
2. 配置pom.xml,加入dropwizard需要的依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.wbf</groupId> <artifactId>dropwizardTest</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>dropwizard test</name> <properties> <dropwizard.version>0.9.2</dropwizard.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>io.dropwizard</groupId> <artifactId>dropwizard-core</artifactId> <version>${dropwizard.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.6</version> <configuration> <createDependencyReducedPom>true</createDependencyReducedPom> <filters> <filter> <artifact>*:*</artifact> <excludes> <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude> <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude> <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude> </excludes> </filter> </filters> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>shade</goal> </goals> <configuration> <transformers> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer" /> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer"> <mainClass>com.example.helloworld.HelloWorldApplication</mainClass> </transformer> </transformers> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> <configuration> <archive> <manifest> <addDefaultImplementationEntries>true</addDefaultImplementationEntries> </manifest> </archive> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
3. 加入dropwizard的环境配置文件:hello-world.yml,将其放到项目的根目录下
template: Hello, %s! defaultName: Stranger
1. Configuration
package com.example.helloworld; import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty; import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty; import io.dropwizard.Configuration; public class HelloWorldConfiguration extends Configuration { @NotEmpty private String template; @NotEmpty private String defaultName = "Stranger"; @JsonProperty public String getTemplate() { return template; } @JsonProperty public void setTemplate(String template) { this.template = template; } @JsonProperty public String getDefaultName() { return defaultName; } @JsonProperty public void setDefaultName(String defaultName) { this.defaultName = defaultName; } }
2. Resource
package com.example.helloworld.resources; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong; import javax.ws.rs.GET; import javax.ws.rs.Path; import javax.ws.rs.Produces; import javax.ws.rs.QueryParam; import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType; import com.codahale.metrics.annotation.Timed; import com.example.helloworld.core.Saying; import com.google.common.base.Optional; @Path("/hello-world") @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) public class HelloWorldResource { private final String template; private final String defaultName; private final AtomicLong counter; public HelloWorldResource(String template, String defaultName) { this.template = template; this.defaultName = defaultName; this.counter = new AtomicLong(); } @GET @Timed public Saying sayHello(@QueryParam("name") Optional<String> name) { final String value = String.format(template, name.or(defaultName)); return new Saying(counter.incrementAndGet(), value); } }
3. HealthCheck
package com.example.helloworld.health; import com.codahale.metrics.health.HealthCheck; public class TemplateHealthCheck extends HealthCheck { private final String template; public TemplateHealthCheck(String template) { this.template = template; } @Override protected Result check() throws Exception { final String saying = String.format(template, "TEST"); if (!saying.contains("TEST")) { return Result.unhealthy("template doesn't include a name"); } return Result.healthy(); } }
4. Application
package com.example.helloworld; import com.example.helloworld.health.TemplateHealthCheck; import com.example.helloworld.resources.HelloWorldResource; import io.dropwizard.Application; import io.dropwizard.setup.Bootstrap; import io.dropwizard.setup.Environment; public class HelloWorldApplication extends Application<HelloWorldConfiguration>{ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { new HelloWorldApplication().run("server", "hello-world.yml"); } @Override public void run(HelloWorldConfiguration configuration, Environment environment) throws Exception { final HelloWorldResource resource = new HelloWorldResource( configuration.getTemplate(), configuration.getDefaultName() ); environment.jersey().register(resource); final TemplateHealthCheck healthCheck = new TemplateHealthCheck(configuration.getTemplate()); environment.healthChecks().register("template", healthCheck); } @Override public String getName() { return "hello-world"; } @Override public void initialize(Bootstrap<HelloWorldConfiguration> bootstrap) { super.initialize(bootstrap); } }
5. 返回的json格式的数据,例子
{ "id": 1, "content": "Hi!" }
6. 新建POJO类来封装返回数据
package com.example.helloworld.core; import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Length; import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty; public class Saying { private long id; @Length(max=3) private String content; public Saying() {} public Saying(long id, String content) { this.id = id; this.content = content; } @JsonProperty public long getId() { return id; } @JsonProperty public void setId(long id) { this.id = id; } @JsonProperty public String getContent() { return content; } @JsonProperty public void setContent(String content) { this.content = content; } }
6. 回到eclipse中,在HelloWorldApplication直接Running As-->Java Application,启动服务
会输出如下信息:
INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,290] org.eclipse.jetty.util.log: Logging initialized @1236ms INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,373] io.dropwizard.server.ServerFactory: Starting hello-world INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,380] io.dropwizard.server.DefaultServerFactory: Registering jersey handler with root path prefix: / INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,397] io.dropwizard.server.DefaultServerFactory: Registering admin handler with root path prefix: / INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,433] org.eclipse.jetty.setuid.SetUIDListener: Opened application@136fbc5{HTTP/1.1}{0.0.0.0:8080} INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,434] org.eclipse.jetty.setuid.SetUIDListener: Opened admin@cb4636{HTTP/1.1}{0.0.0.0:8081} INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,436] org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server: jetty-9.2.13.v20150730 INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,952] io.dropwizard.jersey.DropwizardResourceConfig: The following paths were found for the configured resources: GET /hello-world (com.example.helloworld.resources.HelloWorldResource) INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,954] org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler: Started i.d.j.MutableServletContextHandler@13cab44{/,null,AVAILABLE} INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,958] io.dropwizard.setup.AdminEnvironment: tasks = POST /tasks/log-level (io.dropwizard.servlets.tasks.LogConfigurationTask) POST /tasks/gc (io.dropwizard.servlets.tasks.GarbageCollectionTask) INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,962] org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler: Started i.d.j.MutableServletContextHandler@7715db{/,null,AVAILABLE} INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,976] org.eclipse.jetty.server.ServerConnector: Started application@136fbc5{HTTP/1.1}{0.0.0.0:8080} INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,977] org.eclipse.jetty.server.ServerConnector: Started admin@cb4636{HTTP/1.1}{0.0.0.0:8081} INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,978] org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server: Started @1925ms
当看到INFO [2016-05-03 07:57:14,978] org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server: Started @1925ms时,表示服务启动成功。
7. 打开浏览器,在地址栏中输入(例子):http://localhost:8080/hello-world?name=zhangsan
可以得到如下信息:
{"id":1,"content":"Hello, zhangsan!"}
至此,通过dropwizard来快速部署RESTful Service服务完毕。
8. 执行逻辑分析
1). HelloWorldApplication --> main() --> initialize() --> getName()
先依次调用HelloWorldApplication的main()方法-->initialize()方法-->getName()方法
2). HelloWorldApplication --> run(HelloWorldConfiguration configuration, Environment environment)
因为HelloWorldApplication继承了Application<HelloWorldConfiguration>,所以在调用HelloWorldApplication的run()方法之前dropwizard会通过读取hello-world.yml文件来初始化run()方法的configuration参数。run()方法主要用来注册用户资源。
3). 执行HelloWorldApplication的run()方法,注册用户资源
比如当前的代码中,注册了用来整合返回值显示模板和默认访问用户的HelloWorldResource和用来检查自定义template是否符合标准的TemplateHealthCheck
4). 前三步执行完毕后,服务已经启动成功
5). 浏览器地址栏输入:http://localhost:8080/hello-world?name=zhangsan进行访问
因为HelloWorldResource添加了@Path("/hello-world")和@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)注解,它的sayHello()方法添加了@GET方法,并且sayHello()方法的参数Optional<String> name添加了@QueryParam("name")注解,所以dropwizard接收到该浏览器访问时,会将name=zhangsan的值赋给sayHello()方法的name参数,最后sayHello()方法根据所得的值,构建Saying类实例对象,返回给浏览器(以json格式)。
通过maven将项目打包成jar包,达到可以在cmd中可以 java -jar xxx.jar来运行
1. 打开cmd,进入到maven项目的根目录,执行mvn package
2. 打包成功后,根目录下回多出一个target目录,进入其中找到项目的jar包,如我当前的jar包名字是:dropwizardTest-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
3. 将dropwizardTest-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar拷贝到一个指定目录,如:test,同时需要将dropwizard环境配置文件也拷贝到test目录下(当前我的配置文件时hello-world.yml)
4. 启动cmd,进入到test目录下,执行如下命令java -jar dropwizardTest-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar,如果成功,则输出信息也前面通过eclipse run启动时输出的信息基本一致。