OVFTool 4.1 vmdk格式换成OVF格式
OVFTool 4.1
- New Features in OVFTool 4.1
- Known Issues
- System Requirements
- Installation
- Deprecated Features
New Features in OVFTool 4.1
There are no new features in version 4.1 of the OVF Tool.
Known Issues in Version 4.1
You can not use the OVF Tool to deploy a VM to static DVS port group.
To work around this issue:
- Use vCenter Server to create an ephemeral port on the desired network.
- Deploy the appliance to that port group on an ESXi host.
- Switch the appliance over to that static port group.
- Use vCenter Server to delete the ephemeral port group.
System Requirements for Version 4.1
The OVF Tools supports the following operating systems and software.
Supported Operating Systems
Supported Operating Systems include:
Microsoft Windows
The OVF Tool supports the following Windows 32-bit (x86) and 64-bit (x86_64) operating systems:
- Windows Vista
- Windows Server 2008
- Windows 7
- Windows Server 2012
- Windows 8
Linux
The OVF Tool supports the following Linux operating systems:
- CentOS 5.x and 6.x
- Fedora Core 14.x, 15.x, 16x, 17x, and 18x
- RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 5.x and 6.x
- SUSE Enterprise Server 10.x and 11x
- Ubuntu Desktop 9.x, 10.x, 11x, and 12x
Apple
The OVF Tool supports the following Mac OS X 64 bit operating systems:
- Mac OS X 10.7
- Mac OS X 10.8
Supported VMware Products and Platforms
Version 4.1 of the OVF Tool supports the following VMware software:
- Packages created with previous OVF Tool versions 4.0.0, 3.5.2, 3.5.1, 3.5.0, 3.0.1, 2.1, 2.0, and 1.1 and is backward compatible with OVF format from versions 1.0 and 0.9.
- vSphere 4.0 and later
- vCloud Director 6.0, 5.5, 5.1, 1.5, and 1.0 (source from OVF or OVA types only)
- vCloud Suite 6.0 and 5.5
- VirtualCenter 2.5 and later
- ESX 3.5 and later
- VMware Server 2.0 and later
- VMware Workstation 6.0 and later
- VMware Fusion 3.0 and later
- vApprun 1.0
- OVF 0.9 is supported for import and export by VirtualCenter 2.5 and later, and ESX 3.5 and later
- VMware Studio 1.0 and later can generate OVF packages.
OVF support is built into the vSphere Client that installs from, and is compatible with vCenter 5.0 and ESXi 5.0, vCenter 4.0 and ESX 4.0. It is also built into the vSphere Client that installs from and is compatible with VirtualCenter 2.5 and later, and ESX 3.5 and later. The vSphere 5.1 Web Client includes the 3.x version of the VMware OVF Tool as part of the Client Integration Plug-in.
Space Requirements for OVF Packages
A virtual machine is stored as a set of files on disk. In the VMware runtime format, these files have extensions .vmx, .vmdk, .vmsd, .vmxf, and .nvram. The VMware hypervisor requires these file formats, which are optimized for efficient execution. An ESXi host often uses fully allocated flat disks in a VMFS file system to optimize virtual machine performance.
The OVF standard supports efficient, secure distribution of vApps and virtual machine templates. OVF is optimized for these goals, rather than for efficient runtime execution. OVF does not include specific information on runtime disk format because such information is not required until the virtual machine is deployed. When you package appliances with OVF, you can optimize one vApp for high performance in a production environment, and optimize another for minimal storage space during evaluation.
The following table contrasts a virtual machine in VMware file format with a virtual machine in OVF format. OVF employs a compressed sparse format for VMDK files. Virtual disks in that format cannot be used directly for execution without conversion.
| VMware Format | OVF Format | OVA Format | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Files | |
|
LinuxBasedAppliance.ova |
| Total Size | |
132MB | 132MB |
Installing the OVF Tool
- Download the VMware OVF Tool as an installer or an archive (zipped/compressed) file:
Operating System Download Filename Linux 32 bit VMware-ovftool-4.1.0-10936-lin.i386.bundleLinux 64 bit VMware-ovftool-4.1.0-10936-lin.x86_64.bundleMac OS X 64 bit VMware-ovftool-4.1.0-10936-mac.x64.dmgWindows 32 bit VMware-ovftool-4.1.0-10936-win.i386.msiWindows 64 bit VMware-ovftool-4.1.0-10936-win.x86_64.msi - Install software from the table above using the appropriate method for your operating system:
| Operating System | Download Filename |
|---|---|
| Linux 32 bit | Run the shell script as ./VMware-ovftool-4.1.0-10936-lin.i386.bundle |
| Linux 64 bit | Run the shell script as ./VMware-ovftool-4.1.0-10936-lin.x86_64.bundle |
| Mac OS X 64 bit | Open the .dmg file and double-click the package installer.VMware-ovftool-4.1.0-10936-mac.x64.dmg |
| Windows 32 bit | Double-click on the installation file, VMware-ovftool-4.1.0-10936-win.i386.msi |
| Windows 64 bit | Double-click on the installation file, VMware-ovftool-4.1.0-10936-win.x86_64.msi |
Completing the Installation Steps
The following list gives you screen-by-screen instructions for all installations:
- At the Welcome screen, click Next.
- At the license agreement, read the license agreements, select “I agree...” and clickNext.
- Accept the path suggested or change to a path of your choice and click Next.
- When you have finished choosing your installation options, click Install.
- When the installation is complete, click Next.
- Deselect Show the readme file if you do not want to view the readme file, and click Finish to exit.
Running the OVF Tool from a Windows Command Line
After installing the OVF Tool on Windows, you can run the OVF Tool from the Windows command line.
- From the Start menu, choose Run.
- In the Run dialog, write
cmd, which opens the Windows command line console (DOS prompt).
If you have the OVF Tool folder in your Path environment variable, you can run the OVF Tool from the command line.
Adding the OVF Tool to your Path Environment Variable
The following instructions are for Windows 7, but the steps are similar on other Windows systems.
- Right-click My Computer.
- Select Properties.
- Select Advanced system settings.
- Select Environment Variables.
- Highlight (select) the Path variable from the System variable (lower) pane.
- Click the Edit button and then type the path to the folder where you installed the OVF Tool (at the end of the existing path).
Specifying the Inventory Path
The OVF Tool allows you to specify an inventory path for a source or target.
Inventory Path to a VM
You can specify an inventory path to a specific virtual machine.
The following example shows an inventory path to a virtual machine without any folders:MyDatacenter/vm/MyVM
The following example shows an inventory path with two nested folders: MyDatacenter/vm/Folder 1/Sub Folder/MyVM
The use of the vm tag after the datacenter name specifies that you are locating a virtual machine or vApp in the VM and Template view. Use the host tag after the datacenter name if you are locating a virtual machine or vApp in the Host and Clusters view.
Inventory Path to a Cluster, Host, or Resource Pool
You can specify an inventory path for a host or a resource pool. You can nest resource pools similar to folders.
To specify an inventory path for a host or a resource pool as part of target locators, use the following syntax:/host//Resources/
Using the example above, the following rules apply:
hostis a fixed part of the pathResourcesis a fixed part of the path, but is only specified when using a resource pool<resource pool>can take the value of one or more nested resource pools. If no resource pools are specified, the default resource pool for the host is used.
You must specify the /host/ section of an inventory path when using a vi destination locator. If you are specifying the destination of a resource pool, you must include the/Resources/ section of the path.
The following example is of an inventory path without a specified resource pool:vi://username:pass@localhost/my_datacenter/host/esx01.example.com
The following example is of an inventory path with a specified resource pool: vi://username:pass@localhost/my_datacenter/host/esx01.example.com/Resources/my_resourcepool
Using Partial Locators
When using the OVF Tool, it is often not necessary to specify source and target types as long as certain filename conventions are used. It is possible to the ignore locator type and specify the source and target explicitly using the arguments--sourceType=... and --targetType=.
The OVF Tool assumes the locator type based on the following rules:
- If the name starts with
vcloud://, OVF Tool assumes vCloud Director type. - If the name starts with
vi://, OVF Tool assumes vSphere type. - If the name ends with
.ovf, OVF Tool assumes OVF type. - If the name ends with
.vmx, OVF Tool assumes VMX type. - If the name ends with
.ova, the OVF tool assumes OVA type. - If the locator is a file path to a directory that represents a vApprun workspace or an entity in a vApprun workspace, then OVF Tool assums the vApprun type.
Similarly, source and target types can be inferred from folder locators. OVF Tool assumes the type according the following rules:
- If the source locator is a folder, the OVF Tool assumes that the source is an OVF package and that the OVF descriptor has the same name as the folder. For example,
my-ovf/my-ovf.ovf. - If the source is an OVF package and the target locator is a directory, such as
MyVirtualMachines/, the OVF Tool assumes that the target is a VMX locator. The resulting VMX/VMDK file is added to in a directory with the target name, for example,MyVirtualMachines/MyVM/MyVM.vmx. - If the source is a VMX locator and the target locator is a directory, the OVF Tool assumes that the target is an OVF package.
- If the source is a vSphere locator, and the target locator is a directory, the OVF Tool assumes that the target is an OVF package.
OVF Tool supports partial vSphere locators when deploying or exporting. For an incomplete locator path, the tool suggests completions at the command line. The following example shows the command-line dialog when partial locators are used.
Example 1 - Partial VMware Locators on the Command Line
> ovftool LAMP.ovf vi://localhost/ Opening source: LAMP.ovf Opening target: vi://user@localhost/ Error: Found wrong kind of object (Folder) Possible completions are: Datacenter/ Remote Datacenter/ Secondary Datacenter/ > ovftool LAMP.ovf vi://localhost/Datacenter Opening source: LAMP.ovf Opening target: vi://user@localhost/Datacenter Error: Found wrong kind of object (Datacenter) Possible completions are: vm/ host/ > ovftool LAMP.ovf vi://localhost/Datacenter/host Opening source: LAMP.ovf Opening target: vi://user@localhost/Datacenter/host Error: Found wrong kind of object (Folder) Possible completions are: host1.foo.com/ host2.foo.com/ > ovftool LAMP.ovf vi://localhost/Datacenter/vm/host1.foo.com
The OVF Tool supports partial vSphere locators when deploying or exporting. For an incomplete locator path, the tool suggests completions at the command line. Example 2 shows the command-line dialog when partial locators are used. First, the OVF Tool signals that there is more than one virtual datacenter present, then multiple catalogs, then multiple networks. At each attempt, you must select one of the options that the OVF Tool presents.
Example 2 - Partial vCloud Director Locators on the Command Line
ovftool LAMP.ovf vcloud://jd:[email protected]:443/?org=myOrg&vapp=test1 Opening OVF source: LAMP.ovf Warning: No manifest file Opening vCloud target: vcloud://js:[email protected]:443/ Error: Multiple VDCs found. Possible VDC completions are: orgVdc orgVdc2 Completed with errors ovftool LAMP.ovf "vcloud://jd:[email protected]:443/?org=myOrg&vapp=test1&vdc=orgVdc" Opening OVF source: LAMP.ovf Warning: No manifest file Opening vCloud target: vcloud://js:[email protected]:443/ Error: Multiple catalogs found. Possible catalog completions are: catalog catalog2 Completed with errors "vcloud://jd:[email protected]:443/?org=myOrg&vapp=test1&vdc=orgVdc&catalog=catalog" Opening OVF source: LAMP.ovf Warning: No manifest file Opening vCloud target: vcloud://js:[email protected]:443/ Error: Multiple networks found on target. Possible completions are: extNet2 extOrgNet intNet2 intnet Completed with errors ovftool --net:"VM Network=intnet" LAMP.ovf "vcloud://jd:[email protected]:443/ ?org=myOrg&vapp=test1&vdc=orgVdc&catalog=catalog" Opening OVF source: LAMP.ovf Warning: No manifest file Opening vCloud target: vcloud://js:[email protected]:443/ Deploying to vCloud: vcloud://js:[email protected]:443/ Disk Transfer Complete Completed successfully
For more information and examples about partial locators, see the “Partial Locators” section of the OVF Tool User's Guide.
Using Configuration Files
The OVF Tool has many configuration options. You can create a configuration file, so that you don't have to type long configuration entries on the command line. A configuration file uses the following syntax:
option1=value ... #comment optionN=value
The following is an example of a configuration file:
proxy=http://proxy.example.com datastore=storage-test42 # Comment on something locale=dk
You can create local or global configuration files. A local configuration file has the .ovftool suffix and is read in the folder from which you invoke the OVF Tool. A global configuration file is per user.
On Windows, the global configuration file is read from the following location:C:\Documents and Settings\$USERNAME\VMware\ovftool.cfg
On Linux, the global configuration file is read from the following location:$HOME/.ovftool
When using configuration files, globally defined options are overwritten by locally defined and command-line options. Locally defined options are overwritten by command-line options.
You can also use the ovftool --help config command to get information about how to use a configuration file.
See the OVF Tool User's Guide for more information about how to use the OVF Tool.
Deprecated Features
There are no deprecated features in version 4.1 of the OVF Tool, but support for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 has been discontinued.