模板安装-使用nmp命令
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使用 npm 命令安装模块
npm 安装 Node.js 模块语法格式如下：
$ npm install </span><span class="pun"><</span><span class="typ">Module</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Name</span><span class="pun">></span></code></li></ol></pre></div><p style="border: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-size: 12px; font-family: 'Microsoft Yahei', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">以下实例，我们使用 npm 命令安装常用的 Node.js web框架模块 <b>express</b></p><div><pre class="prettyprint linenums prettyprinted"><ol class="linenums"><li class="L0"><code class="language-js"><span class="pln">$ npm install express
安装好之后，express 包就放在了工程目录下的 node_modules 目录中，因此在代码中只需要通过 require(‘express’) 的方式就好，无需指定第三方包路径。
var express = require('express');
全局安装与本地安装
npm 的包安装分为本地安装（local）、全局安装（global）两种，从敲的命令行来看，差别只是有没有-g而已，比如
npm install express # 本地安装npm install express -g # 全局安装
如果出现以下错误：
npm err! Error: connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:8087
解决办法为：
$ npm config </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> proxy </span><span class="kwd">null</span></code></li></ol></pre></div><h3 style="border: 0px; margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: 1.4em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif; line-height: normal; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">本地安装</h3><ul style="border: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 16.8px; list-style-type: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif; font-size: 12px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 1em; background-image: url(file:///C:/Users/wxq/Documents/My%20Knowledge/temp/assets/img/bullet.png); background-position: 0% 0.5em; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">1. 将安装包放在 ./node_modules 下（运行 npm 命令时所在的目录），如果没有 node_modules 目录，会在当前执行 npm 命令的目录下生成 node_modules 目录。</li><li style="border: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 1em; background-image: url(file:///C:/Users/wxq/Documents/My%20Knowledge/temp/assets/img/bullet.png); background-position: 0% 0.5em; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">2. 可以通过 require() 来引入本地安装的包。</li></ul><h3 style="border: 0px; margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: 1.4em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif; line-height: normal; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">全局安装</h3><ul style="border: 0px; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 16.8px; list-style-type: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif; font-size: 12px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 1em; background-image: url(file:///C:/Users/wxq/Documents/My%20Knowledge/temp/assets/img/bullet.png); background-position: 0% 0.5em; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">1. 将安装包放在 /usr/local 下。</li><li style="border: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 1em; background-image: url(file:///C:/Users/wxq/Documents/My%20Knowledge/temp/assets/img/bullet.png); background-position: 0% 0.5em; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">2. 可以直接在命令行里使用。</li><li style="border: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 1em; background-image: url(file:///C:/Users/wxq/Documents/My%20Knowledge/temp/assets/img/bullet.png); background-position: 0% 0.5em; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">3. 不能通过 require() 来引入本地安装的包。</li></ul><p style="border: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-size: 12px; font-family: 'Microsoft Yahei', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">接下来我们使用全局方式安装 express</p><div><pre class="prettyprint linenums prettyprinted"><ol class="linenums"><li class="L0"><code class="language-js"><span class="pln">$ npm install express -g
安装过程输出如下内容，第一行输出了模块的版本号及安装位置。
你可以使用以下命令来查看所有全局安装的模块：
$ npm ls </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">g</span></code></li></ol></pre></div><div><h2 style="border: 0px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 2px; font-size: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">卸载模块</h2><p style="border: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-size: 12px; font-family: 'Microsoft Yahei', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我们可以使用以下命令来卸载 Node.js 模块。</p><div><pre class="prettyprint linenums prettyprinted"><ol class="linenums"><li class="L0"><code class="language-js"><span class="pln">$ npm uninstall express
卸载后，你可以到 /node_modules/ 目录下查看包是否还存在，或者使用以下命令查看：
$ npm ls</span></code></li></ol></pre></div><hr style="color: rgb(212, 212, 212); height: 1px; border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(212, 212, 212);"><h2 style="border: 0px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 2px; font-size: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">更新模块</h2><p style="border: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-size: 12px; font-family: 'Microsoft Yahei', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我们可以使用以下命令更新模块：</p><div><pre class="prettyprint linenums prettyprinted"><ol class="linenums"><li class="L0"><code class="language-js"><span class="pln">$ npm update express
搜索模块
使用以下来搜索模块：
$ npm search express</span></code></li></ol></pre></div><hr style="color: rgb(212, 212, 212); height: 1px; border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(212, 212, 212);"><h2 style="border: 0px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 2px; font-size: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">创建模块</h2><p style="border: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-size: 12px; font-family: 'Microsoft Yahei', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">创建模块，package.json 文件是必不可少的。我们可以使用 NPM 生成 package.json 文件，生成的文件包含了基本的结果。</p><div><pre class="prettyprint linenums prettyprinted"><ol class="linenums"><li class="L0"><code class="language-js"><span class="pln">$ npm initThis utility will walk you through creating a package.json file.It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.See </span><span class="pln">npm help json</span><span class="pun"> for definitive documentation on these fieldsand exactly what they do.Use </span><span class="pln">npm install </span><span class="pun"><</span><span class="pln">pkg</span><span class="pun">></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">save</span><span class="pun"> afterwards to install a package andsave it as a dependency in the package.json file.Press ^C at any time to quit.name: (node_modules) runoob # 模块名version: (1.0.0) description: Node.js 测试模块(www.runoob.com) # 描述entry point: (index.js) test command: make testgit repository: https://github.com/runoob/runoob.git # Github 地址keywords: author: license: (ISC) About to write to ……/node_modules/package.json: # 生成地址{ "name": "runoob", "version": "1.0.0", "description": "Node.js 测试模块(www.runoob.com)", ……}Is this ok? (yes) yes
以上的信息，你需要根据你自己的情况输入。在最后输入 “yes” 后会生成 package.json 文件。
接下来我们可以使用以下命令在 npm 资源库中注册用户（使用邮箱注册）：
$ npm adduser</span></code></li><li class="L1"><code class="language-js"><span class="typ">Username</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> mcmohd</span></code></li><li class="L2"><code class="language-js"><span class="typ">Password</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="typ">Email</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pln"> IS </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> mcmohd@gmail</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span></code></li></ol></pre></div><div><br></div><p style="border: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-size: 12px; font-family: 'Microsoft Yahei', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">接下来我们就用以下命令来发布模块：</p><div><pre class="prettyprint linenums prettyprinted"><ol class="linenums"><li class="L0"><code class="language-js"><span class="pln">$ npm publish
package.json文件
package.json 位于模块的目录下，用于定义包的属性。接下来让我们来看下 express 包的 package.json 文件，位于 node_modules/express/package.json 内容：
{ "name": "express", "description": "Fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework", "version": "4.13.3", "author": { "name": "TJ Holowaychuk", "email": "[email protected]" }, "contributors": [ { "name": "Aaron Heckmann", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "Ciaran Jessup", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "Guillermo Rauch", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "Jonathan Ong", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "Roman Shtylman", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "Young Jae Sim", "email": "[email protected]" } ], "license": "MIT", "repository": { "type": "git", "url": "git+https://github.com/strongloop/express.git" }, "homepage": "http://expressjs.com/", "keywords": [ "express", "framework", "sinatra", "web", "rest", "restful", "router", "app", "api" ], "dependencies": { "accepts": "~1.2.12", "array-flatten": "1.1.1", "content-disposition": "0.5.0", "content-type": "~1.0.1", "cookie": "0.1.3", "cookie-signature": "1.0.6", "debug": "~2.2.0", "depd": "~1.0.1", "escape-html": "1.0.2", "etag": "~1.7.0", "finalhandler": "0.4.0", "fresh": "0.3.0", "merge-descriptors": "1.0.0", "methods": "~1.1.1", "on-finished": "~2.3.0", "parseurl": "~1.3.0", "path-to-regexp": "0.1.7", "proxy-addr": "~1.0.8", "qs": "4.0.0", "range-parser": "~1.0.2", "send": "0.13.0", "serve-static": "~1.10.0", "type-is": "~1.6.6", "utils-merge": "1.0.0", "vary": "~1.0.1" }, "devDependencies": { "after": "0.8.1", "ejs": "2.3.3", "istanbul": "0.3.17", "marked": "0.3.5", "mocha": "2.2.5", "should": "7.0.2", "supertest": "1.0.1", "body-parser": "~1.13.3", "connect-redis": "~2.4.1", "cookie-parser": "~1.3.5", "cookie-session": "~1.2.0", "express-session": "~1.11.3", "jade": "~1.11.0", "method-override": "~2.3.5", "morgan": "~1.6.1", "multiparty": "~4.1.2", "vhost": "~3.0.1" }, "engines": { "node": ">= 0.10.0" }, "files": [ "LICENSE", "History.md", "Readme.md", "index.js", "lib/" ], "scripts": { "test": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/", "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --require test/support/env --reporter spec --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/", "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --require test/support/env --reporter dot --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/", "test-tap": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter tap --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/" }, "gitHead": "ef7ad681b245fba023843ce94f6bcb8e275bbb8e", "bugs": { "url": "https://github.com/strongloop/express/issues" }, "_id": "[email protected]", "_shasum": "ddb2f1fb4502bf33598d2b032b037960ca6c80a3", "_from": "express@*", "_npmVersion": "1.4.28", "_npmUser": { "name": "dougwilson", "email": "[email protected]" }, "maintainers": [ { "name": "tjholowaychuk", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "jongleberry", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "dougwilson", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "rfeng", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "aredridel", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "strongloop", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "defunctzombie", "email": "[email protected]" } ], "dist": { "shasum": "ddb2f1fb4502bf33598d2b032b037960ca6c80a3", "tarball": "http://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.13.3.tgz" }, "directories": {}, "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.13.3.tgz", "readme": "ERROR: No README data found!"}