关于Centos使用grub无法引导Windows的解决办法

关于Centos使用grub无法引导Windows的解决办法

今天在给小组同学装系统时，按惯例，都使用的是linux来引导windows的，因此就先将win 7安装了，后来，就来配置windowns的相关设置，配完后，就开始装Centos了，期间在分盘的时候，还失败了两次，显示的都是由于安装器出现bug了，这都是小插曲，最后还是装成功了，但是，使用命令grub2-mkconfig却无法找到win 7的引导，于是我就着急了，最后通过我的摸索，终于找到了解决方法，下面分享一下：

[root@localhost:~]$ grub2-mkconfig 
Generating grub configuration file ...
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub2-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
set pager=1

if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
   set default="${next_entry}"
   set next_entry=
   save_env next_entry
   set boot_once=true
else
   set default="${saved_entry}"
fi

if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
  menuentry_id_option=""
fi

export menuentry_id_option

if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}

function load_video {
  if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
    insmod all_video
  else
    insmod efi_gop
    insmod efi_uga
    insmod ieee1275_fb
    insmod vbe
    insmod vga
    insmod video_bochs
    insmod video_cirrus
  fi
}

terminal_output console
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
  set timeout_style=menu
  set timeout=5
# Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
else
  set timeout=5
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_tuned ###
set tuned_params=""
### END /etc/grub.d/00_tuned ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/01_users ###
if [ -f ${prefix}/user.cfg ]; then
  source ${prefix}/user.cfg
  if [ -n "${GRUB2_PASSWORD}" ]; then
    set superusers="root"
    export superusers
    password_pbkdf2 root ${GRUB2_PASSWORD}
  fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/01_users ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64.img
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class rhel fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64-advanced-dfffd217-84d7-40cc-8ab9-83f43218c6a6' {
    load_video
    set gfxpayload=keep
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod xfs
    set root='hd0,msdos10'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos10 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos10 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos10 --hint='hd0,msdos10'  f15778cb-939a-4179-beeb-62e5c3dc07db
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f15778cb-939a-4179-beeb-62e5c3dc07db
    fi
    linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet 
    initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64.img
}
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.3.1.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-327.3.1.el7.x86_64.img
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.3.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class rhel fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-327.3.1.el7.x86_64-advanced-dfffd217-84d7-40cc-8ab9-83f43218c6a6' {
    load_video
    set gfxpayload=keep
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod xfs
    set root='hd0,msdos10'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos10 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos10 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos10 --hint='hd0,msdos10'  f15778cb-939a-4179-beeb-62e5c3dc07db
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f15778cb-939a-4179-beeb-62e5c3dc07db
    fi
    linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.3.1.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet 
    initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-327.3.1.el7.x86_64.img
}
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.20.1.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-229.20.1.el7.x86_64.img
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-229.20.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class rhel fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-229.20.1.el7.x86_64-advanced-dfffd217-84d7-40cc-8ab9-83f43218c6a6' {
    load_video
    set gfxpayload=keep
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod xfs
    set root='hd0,msdos10'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos10 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos10 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos10 --hint='hd0,msdos10'  f15778cb-939a-4179-beeb-62e5c3dc07db
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f15778cb-939a-4179-beeb-62e5c3dc07db
    fi
    linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.20.1.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet 
    initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-229.20.1.el7.x86_64.img
}
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class rhel fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64-advanced-dfffd217-84d7-40cc-8ab9-83f43218c6a6' {
    load_video
    set gfxpayload=keep
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod xfs
    set root='hd0,msdos10'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos10 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos10 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos10 --hint='hd0,msdos10'  f15778cb-939a-4179-beeb-62e5c3dc07db
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f15778cb-939a-4179-beeb-62e5c3dc07db
    fi
    linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet 
}
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-98a0f723fa374bccae65d892478a1677
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-98a0f723fa374bccae65d892478a1677.img
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-98a0f723fa374bccae65d892478a1677) 7 (Core)' --class rhel fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-98a0f723fa374bccae65d892478a1677-advanced-dfffd217-84d7-40cc-8ab9-83f43218c6a6' {
    load_video
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod xfs
    set root='hd0,msdos10'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos10 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos10 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos10 --hint='hd0,msdos10'  f15778cb-939a-4179-beeb-62e5c3dc07db
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f15778cb-939a-4179-beeb-62e5c3dc07db
    fi
    linux16 /vmlinuz-0-rescue-98a0f723fa374bccae65d892478a1677 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet 
    initrd16 /initramfs-0-rescue-98a0f723fa374bccae65d892478a1677.img
}
if [ "x$default" = 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' ]; then default='Advanced options for CentOS Linux 7 (Core)>CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)'; fi;
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
  source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
done

仔细查看一下，并没有win 7的引导出现，我突然想到了，centos默认无法识别ntfs格式的磁盘，于是，就想着能不能将C盘挂载后不就可以找到了吗？也许吧。
网上查了一下，可以使用ntfs-3g来在centos下面挂载ntfs格式的磁盘，于是，就去百度ntfs的下在链接，注意，戳这里：ntfs-3g下载，然后：

[zhoupan@localhost:~]$ tar -zvx -f ntfs-3g-1.328.tgz -C .
ntfs-3g-1.328/
ntfs-3g-1.328/AUTHORS
ntfs-3g-1.328/CREDITS
ntfs-3g-1.328/Makefile.am
ntfs-3g-1.328/NEWS
ntfs-3g-1.328/README
ntfs-3g-1.328/autogen.sh
.....信息较多，下面省略
[zhoupan@localhost:~]$ cd ntfs-3g-1.328/
[zhoupan@localhost:~/ntfs-3g-1.328]$ ls
aclocal.m4  autogen.sh  compile       config.h.in  configure     COPYING  depcomp  INSTALL     libntfs-3g  Makefile.am  missing  README
AUTHORS     ChangeLog   config.guess  config.sub   configure.ac  CREDITS  include  install-sh  ltmain.sh   Makefile.in  NEWS     src

我去，原来是源码，许多人到这里估计就崩溃了，这要咋办呢？自己编译吧！

[zhoupan@localhost:~/ntfs-3g-1.328]$ ./configure prefix=PATH

PATH指的是你要安装的目录，默认安装在/usr/local/ 下面，可以随便改，输出的信息较多，这里就不贴代码啦，过程中可能出现错误，根据信息自己手动解决吧！
如果过程中没有出现错误信息，那就可以看见在当前目录下，有个Makefile文件，了解过make的同仁应该都知道，自己离成功只差两条命令的距离了！

[zhoupan@localhost:~/ntfs-3g-1.328]$ make

执行完这句命令之后,你将会拥有无比的成就感，因为输出的信息整个刷屏了，趁这个机会将周围的人叫来装一下B吧，立即，因为持续时间并不会很长。

[zhoupan@localhost:~/ntfs-3g-1.328]$ make install

然后，此输出的信息又刷屏了，心里暗喜，又可以装一波B了。顺利不出错误的话，你就已经将ntfs-3g安装到你的centos里面了，一切发生的就是那么快。

[zhoupan@localhost:~/ntfs-3g-1.328]$ ntfs-3g 
ntfs-3g: No device is specified.

ntfs-3g 2014.2.15 integrated FUSE 27 - Third Generation NTFS Driver
        Configuration type 1, XATTRS are on, POSIX ACLS are off

Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Yura Pakhuchiy
Copyright (C) 2006-2009 Szabolcs Szakacsits
Copyright (C) 2007-2012 Jean-Pierre Andre
Copyright (C) 2009 Erik Larsson

Usage:    ntfs-3g [-o option[,...]] <device|image_file> <mount_point>

Options:  ro (read-only mount), windows_names, uid=, gid=,
          umask=, fmask=, dmask=, streams_interface=.
          Please see the details in the manual (type: man ntfs-3g).

Example: ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows

News, support and information:  http://tuxera.com

出现这些信息，就表明，你已成功将ntfs-3g安装成功了，下面进行挂载C盘操作：

[root@localhost:/home/zhoupan/ntfs-3g-1.328]$ fdisk /dev/sda 

The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than
the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal
I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted.
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6f292550

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *          63   167782859    83891398+   7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda2       167782921  1953520064   892868572    f  W95 Ext'd (LBA)
Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda3      1953521664  1953523711        1024   83  Linux
/dev/sda5       167782923   251690354    41953716    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Partition 5 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda6       587270207  1187074047   299901920+   7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Partition 6 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda7      1187075043  1953520064   383222511    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Partition 7 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda8       447940608   579256319    65657856   83  Linux
/dev/sda9       407941120   447938559    19998720   83  Linux
/dev/sda10      251693056   252667903      487424   83  Linux
/dev/sda11      252669952   407937023    77633536   8e  Linux LVM

Partition table entries are not in disk order

Command (m for help): q

[root@localhost:/home/zhoupan/ntfs-3g-1.328]$ 

可以看到，我的磁盘全部信息都出现了，记着，fdisk只能是root适用哟，我的C盘是磁盘的第一个分区，大部分人的都是，所以，需要挂载的就是/dev/sda1，你的电脑就按实际情况推测吧，好了，下面就来挂载：

[root@localhost:/home/zhoupan/ntfs-3g-1.328]$ mkdir /media/sda1
[root@localhost:/home/zhoupan/ntfs-3g-1.328]$ mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /media/sda1/
[root@localhost:/home/zhoupan/ntfs-3g-1.328]$

没有消息就是最好的消息，表明你的C盘已经挂载成功了，下面继续：

[root@localhost:/home/zhoupan/ntfs-3g-1.328]$ grub2-mkconfig > /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.3.1.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-327.3.1.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.20.1.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-229.20.1.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-98a0f723fa374bccae65d892478a1677
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-98a0f723fa374bccae65d892478a1677.img
Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1
done
[root@localhost:/home/zhoupan/ntfs-3g-1.328]$ 

yes,win 7的引导已经找到了，免得你去纠结的自己动手去写了，还有就是部分人的配置文件在/boot/grub/下面，自己就去查看grub.cfg文件的路径吧，OK，谢谢。