在开始前先说下HMAC防篡改机制的原理,如果已经接触过支付宝的可以跳过此部分
防篡改,顾名思义就是防止有人恶意篡改请求数据以达到恶意攻击的目的,那要怎么才能实现这样的目的呢?其实很简单,将要请求的数据加上合作号、合作Key按规则组织成一个字符串,获取对应的MD5摘要,然后将该摘要及合作号同时作为请求的一部分一起传递(合作Key禁止传递)
下面进行举例:
假定需要进行签名的参数如下(以json格式举例):
{‘partner’: ‘3122131212’,‘orderNo’:‘1234567’}
对数组里的每一个键按默认的字母正向排序,最后加上partner对应的key进行MD5加密,假定对应的key为bbb,则需要进行MD5摘要的字符串如下:
partner=3122131212&orderNo=1234567bbb
最终需要传递的请求数据格式如下(分别列举GET和POST方式,服务实际支持哪种方式以服务声明为准):
GET:partner=3122131212&orderNo=1234567&sign=EBFE84D02E8E40952899EE5CDFE5404C
POST
:
{‘partner’:‘3122131212’,‘orderNo’:‘1234567’ ,‘sign:‘EBFE84D02E8E40952899EE5CDFE5404C
’}
上例中partner为平台提供的合作号,key为合作密码,sign为签名,然后此处例子是将Get和Post区分开来的,实际获取MD5的代码会支持QueryString及Form同时存在的情况,且当两者同时存在时,组织字符串顺序为先QueryString后Form
以下是签名摘要生成代码
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Collections.Specialized; using System.Security.Cryptography; using System.Text; public static class SecuritySignHelper { public const string Partner = "partner"; public const string Sign = "sign"; /// <summary> /// 获取防篡改签名,组织原始字符串的方式为:先get后post,该签名要求partner在加密时为全小写,同时该方法隐含要求parnter和sign必须通过QueryString方式传递 /// </summary> /// <param name="getCollection">通过QueryString方式传递的键值集合,如果内部包含parnter或者sign,相关字段在组织原始字符串时将会被移除</param> /// <param name="partner">合作账号</param> /// <param name="partnerKey">合作Key</param> /// <param name="postCollection">通过Form方式传递的键值集合,如果包含parnter或者sign,此部分不会被做特殊处理</param> /// <returns></returns> public static string GetSecuritySign(this NameValueCollection getCollection, string partner, string partnerKey, NameValueCollection postCollection = null) { if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(partner) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(partnerKey)) { throw new ArgumentNullException(); } var dic = SecuritySignHelper.GetSortedDictionary(getCollection, (k) => {//过滤partner及sign return string.Equals(k, SecuritySignHelper.Partner, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || string.Equals(k, SecuritySignHelper.Sign, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase); }); dic.Add(SecuritySignHelper.Partner, partner); StringBuilder tmp = new StringBuilder(); SecuritySignHelper.FillStringBuilder(tmp, dic);//将QueryString填入StringBuilder dic = SecuritySignHelper.GetSortedDictionary(postCollection); SecuritySignHelper.FillStringBuilder(tmp, dic);//将Form填入StringBuilder tmp.Append(partnerKey);//在尾部添加key tmp.Remove(0, 1);//移除第一个& return tmp.ToString().GetMD5_32();//获取32位长度的Md5摘要 } private static SortedDictionary<string, string> GetSortedDictionary(NameValueCollection collection, Func<string, bool> filter = null) {//获取排序的键值对 SortedDictionary<string, string> dic = new SortedDictionary<string, string>(); if (collection != null && collection.Count > 0) { foreach (var k in collection.AllKeys) { if (filter == null || !filter(k)) {//如果没设置过滤条件或者无需过滤 dic.Add(k, collection[k]); } } } return dic; } private static void FillStringBuilder(StringBuilder builder, SortedDictionary<string, string> dic) { foreach (var kv in dic) { builder.Append('&'); builder.Append(kv.Key); builder.Append('='); builder.Append(kv.Value); }//按key顺序组织字符串 } /// <summary> /// 获取32位长度的Md5摘要 /// </summary> /// <param name="inputStr"></param> /// <param name="encoding"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string GetMD5_32(this string inputStr, Encoding encoding = null) { RefEncoding(ref encoding); byte[] data = GetMD5(inputStr, encoding); StringBuilder tmp = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++) { tmp.Append(data[i].ToString("x2")); } return tmp.ToString(); } private static byte[] GetMD5(string inputStr, Encoding encoding) { using (MD5 md5Hash = MD5.Create()) { return md5Hash.ComputeHash(encoding.GetBytes(inputStr)); } } private static void RefEncoding(ref Encoding encoding) { if (encoding == null) { encoding = Encoding.Default; } } }使用例子
string partner = "zhangsan"; string partnerKey = "bbb"; NameValueCollection getCollection = new NameValueCollection(); string md50 = getCollection.GetSecuritySign(partner, partnerKey);//不带任何参数的请求 getCollection.Add("test", "123"); string md51 = getCollection.GetSecuritySign(partner, partnerKey);//带一个参数的请求 NameValueCollection postCollection = new NameValueCollection(); postCollection.Add("Name", "张三"); postCollection.Add("Address", "上海"); string md52 = getCollection.GetSecuritySign(partner, partnerKey, postCollection);//同时存在QueryString及Form的请求