oracle用老的控制文件备份恢复新建的数据文件
备份控制文件并在备份后新建表空间和数据：
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/home/oracle/ctl.sql';
Database altered.
SQL> create tablespace tbs_tbs datafile '/database/oradata/skyread/tbs_tbs.dbf' size 10M;
Tablespace created.
SQL> create table t02 tablespace tbs_tbs as select * from dict;
Table created
干净关闭数据库，模拟控制文件损坏：
SQL> shutdown immediate;
oracle@readerlogdb-> mv tbs_tbs.dbf tbs_tbs.dbf.bak
oracle@readerlogdb-> mv control01.ctl control01.ctl.bak
oracle@readerlogdb-> mv control02.ctl control02.ctl.bak
oracle@readerlogdb-> mv control03.ctl control03.ctl.bak
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 5049942016 bytes
Fixed Size 2090880 bytes
Variable Size 1375733888 bytes
Database Buffers 3657433088 bytes
Redo Buffers 14684160 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
这个门用的是刚才备份的脚本新建，可见里面无 tbs_tbs这个数据文件：
SQL>CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "SKYREAD" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 20
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXDATAFILES 1000
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 2337
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo01.log' SIZE 512M,
GROUP 2 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo02.log' SIZE 512M,
GROUP 3 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo03.log' SIZE 512M,
GROUP 4 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo04.log' SIZE 512M,
GROUP 5 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo05.log' SIZE 512M
DATAFILE
'/database/oradata/skyread/system01.dbf',
'/database/oradata/skyread/tbs_test.dbf',
'/database/oradata/skyread/sysaux01.dbf',
'/database/oradata/skyread/users01.dbf',
'/database2/oradata/skyread/TBS_MRPMUSIC01.dbf',
'/database/oradata/skyread/sf01.dbf',
'/database2/oradata/skyread/undotbs02'
CHARACTER SET UTF8;
这里由于数据文件模拟破坏了，但是还是打开数据库，只不过tbs_tbs这个表空间的数据无法使用
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
标红的部分就是我们需要恢复的数据文件，这里由于控制文件备份的时候还没有这个表空间，不知道数据文件所以无法recover，当然由于我们刚才模拟损坏，rename的时候提示没有tbs_tbs.dbf文件
SQL> select file#,name,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# ,status from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# STATUS
-------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------
1 /database/oradata/skyread/system01.dbf 122694852856 SYSTEM
2 /database/oradata/skyread/tbs_test.dbf 122694852856 ONLINE
3 /database/oradata/skyread/sysaux01.dbf 122694852856 ONLINE
4 /database/oradata/skyread/users01.dbf 122694852856 ONLINE
5 /app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00005 0 RECOVER
18 /database2/oradata/skyread/TBS_MRPMUSIC01.dbf 122694852856 ONLINE
26 /database/oradata/skyread/sf01.dbf 122694852856 ONLINE
31 /database2/oradata/skyread/undotbs02 122694852856 ONLINE
SQL> recover datafile 5;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01111: name for data file 5 is unknown - rename to correct file
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00005'
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 5 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01111: name for data file 5 is unknown - rename to correct file
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00005'
SQL> alter database rename file '/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00005' to '/database/oradata/skyread/tbs_tbs.dbf';
alter database rename file '/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00005' to '/database/oradata/skyread/tbs_tbs.dbf'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01511: error in renaming log/data files
ORA-01141: error renaming data file 5 - new file '/database/oradata/skyread/tbs_tbs.dbf' not found
ORA-01111: name for data file 5 is unknown - rename to correct file
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00005'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
将数据文件进行恢复并ONLINE：
oracle@readerlogdb-> mv tbs_tbs.dbf.bak tbs_tbs.dbf
SQL> alter database rename file '/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00005' to '/database/oradata/skyread/tbs_tbs.dbf';
Database altered.
SQL> recover datafile 5;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> select count(*) from t02;
select count(*) from t02
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00376: file 5 cannot be read at this time
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/database/oradata/skyread/tbs_tbs.dbf'
SQL> select file#,name,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# ,status from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# STATUS
-------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------
1 /database/oradata/skyread/system01.dbf 122694852856 SYSTEM
2 /database/oradata/skyread/tbs_test.dbf 122694852856 ONLINE
3 /database/oradata/skyread/sysaux01.dbf 122694852856 ONLINE
4 /database/oradata/skyread/users01.dbf 122694852856 ONLINE
5 /database/oradata/skyread/tbs_tbs.dbf 122694852882 OFFLINE
18 /database2/oradata/skyread/TBS_MRPMUSIC01.dbf 122694852856 ONLINE
26 /database/oradata/skyread/sf01.dbf 122694852856 ONLINE
31 /database2/oradata/skyread/undotbs02 122694852856 ONLINE
8 rows selected.
SQL> alter database datafile '/database/oradata/skyread/tbs_tbs.dbf' online;
Database altered.
SQL> select count(*) from t02;
COUNT(*)
--------------------
1876
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "SKYREAD" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
2 MAXLOGFILES 20
3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
4 MAXDATAFILES 1000
5 MAXINSTANCES 8
6 MAXLOGHISTORY 2337
7 LOGFILE
8 GROUP 1 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo01.log' SIZE 512M,
9 GROUP 2 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo02.log' SIZE 512M,
10 GROUP 3 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo03.log' SIZE 512M,
11 GROUP 4 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo04.log' SIZE 512M,
12 GROUP 5 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo05.log' SIZE 512M
13 DATAFILE
14 '/database/oradata/skyread/system01.dbf',
15 '/database/oradata/skyread/tbs_test.dbf',
16
'/database/oradata/skyread/sysaux01.dbf',
17 '/database/oradata/skyread/users01.dbf',
18 '/database/oradata/skyread/tbs_tbs.dbf',
19 '/database2/oradata/skyread/TBS_MRPMUSIC01.dbf',
20 '/database/oradata/skyread/sf01.dbf',
21 '/database2/oradata/skyread/undotbs02'
22 CHARACTER SET UTF8;
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "SKYREAD" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01503: CREATE CONTROLFILE failed
ORA-01565: error in identifying file '/database/oradata/skyread/sysaux01.dbf'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "SKYREAD" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
2 MAXLOGFILES 20
3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
4 MAXDATAFILES 1000
5 MAXINSTANCES 8
6 MAXLOGHISTORY 2337
7 LOGFILE
8 GROUP 1 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo01.log' SIZE 512M,
9 GROUP 2 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo02.log' SIZE 512M,
10 GROUP 3 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo03.log' SIZE 512M,
11 GROUP 4 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo04.log' SIZE 512M,
12 GROUP 5 '/database/oradata/skyread/redo05.log' SIZE 512M
13 DATAFILE
14 '/database/oradata/skyread/system01.dbf',
15 '/database/oradata/skyread/tbs_test.dbf',
16 '/database/oradata/skyread/users01.dbf',
17 '/database/oradata/skyread/tbs_tbs.dbf',
18 '/database2/oradata/skyread/TBS_MRPMUSIC01.dbf',
19 '/database/oradata/skyread/sf01.dbf',
20 '/database2/oradata/skyread/undotbs02'
21 CHARACTER SET UTF8;
Control file created.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.