Arrays.sort(T[], Comparator < ? super T > c) 是用来对用户自定义的对象数组排序功能的。Java 官方文档简单描述了它的作用,但不足以让我们深刻理解。为了更深入地理解它,这篇文章将梳理相关的关键点。
1、简单实例:如何使用Arrays.sort()
通过阅读下面代码,你能快速正确了解这个方法的用途。Comparator(比较器)用于根据Dogs的size比较其大小,并作为sort方法的参数。
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import
java.util.Arrays;
import
java.util.Comparator;
class
Dog{
int
size;
public
Dog(
int
s){
size = s;
}
}
class
DogSizeComparator
implements
Comparator<Dog>{
@Override
public
int
compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
return
o1.size - o2.size;
}
}
public
class
ArraySort {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 =
new
Dog(
2
);
Dog d2 =
new
Dog(
1
);
Dog d3 =
new
Dog(
3
);
Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
printDogs(dogArray);
Arrays.sort(dogArray,
new
DogSizeComparator());
printDogs(dogArray);
}
public
static
void
printDogs(Dog[] dogs){
for
(Dog d: dogs)
System.out.print(d.size +
" "
);
System.out.println();
}
}
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2、策略模式的使用
这是运用策略模式的一个很好的场景,为什么策略模式对于这种场景非常适用?简单来说,策略模式使不同的算法在运行时得以选择。在这个例子中,通过传递不同的Comparator,可以选择不同的算法。基于上例,现在假设你有一个Comparator,用weight来代替size来比较Dogs。你可以简单创建一个新的Comprator如下:
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class
Dog{
int
size;
int
weight;
public
Dog(
int
s,
int
w){
size = s;
weight = w;
}
}
class
DogSizeComparator
implements
Comparator<Dog>{
@Override
public
int
compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
return
o1.size - o2.size;
}
}
class
DogWeightComparator
implements
Comparator<Dog>{
@Override
public
int
compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
return
o1.weight - o2.weight;
}
}
public
class
ArraySort {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 =
new
Dog(
2
,
50
);
Dog d2 =
new
Dog(
1
,
30
);
Dog d3 =
new
Dog(
3
,
40
);
Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
printDogs(dogArray);
Arrays.sort(dogArray,
new
DogSizeComparator());
printDogs(dogArray);
Arrays.sort(dogArray,
new
DogWeightComparator());
printDogs(dogArray);
}
public
static
void
printDogs(Dog[] dogs){
for
(Dog d: dogs)
System.out.print(
"size="
+d.size +
" weight="
+ d.weight +
" "
);
System.out.println();
}
}
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输出:
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size=
2
weight=
50
size=
1
weight=
30
size=
3
weight=
40
size=
1
weight=
30
size=
2
weight=
50
size=
3
weight=
40
size=
1
weight=
30
size=
3
weight=
40
size=
2
weight=
50
|
Comparator仅仅是一个接口,任何实现了Comparator在运行时都可以被使用,这是策略模式的核心理念。
3、为什么使用“super”
很显然,如果”Comparator<T>c”作为参数,但是第二个参数是”Comparator< ? super T > c”,使用<? super T>意味着类型可以是T或者是它的超类。为什么允许超类型呢?答案是:这种方式允许所有子类使用同一个comparator。看看下面这个例子一目了然。
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import
java.util.Arrays;
import
java.util.Comparator;
class
Animal{
int
size;
}
class
Dog
extends
Animal{
public
Dog(
int
s){
size = s;
}
}
class
Cat
extends
Animal{
public
Cat(
int
s){
size = s;
}
}
class
AnimalSizeComparator
implements
Comparator<Animal>{
@Override
public
int
compare(Animal o1, Animal o2) {
return
o1.size - o2.size;
}
//in this way, all sub classes of Animal can use this comparator.
}
public
class
ArraySort {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 =
new
Dog(
2
);
Dog d2 =
new
Dog(
1
);
Dog d3 =
new
Dog(
3
);
Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
printDogs(dogArray);
Arrays.sort(dogArray,
new
AnimalSizeComparator());
printDogs(dogArray);
System.out.println();
//when you have an array of Cat, same Comparator can be used.
Cat c1 =
new
Cat(
2
);
Cat c2 =
new
Cat(
1
);
Cat c3 =
new
Cat(
3
);
Cat[] catArray = {c1, c2, c3};
printDogs(catArray);
Arrays.sort(catArray,
new
AnimalSizeComparator());
printDogs(catArray);
}
public
static
void
printDogs(Animal[] animals){
for
(Animal a: animals)
System.out.print(
"size="
+a.size +
" "
);
System.out.println();
}
}
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size=
2
size=
1
size=
3
size=
1
size=
2
size=
3
size=
2
size=
1
size=
3
size=
1
size=
2
size=
3
|
4、总结
总的来说,从Arrays.sort()中你应该了解到:
参考:Arrays.sort(T[], java.util.Comparator)
原文链接: programcreek 翻译: ImportNew.com - 刘志军