#import <stdio.h> int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { printf( "hello world\n" ); return 0; }
hello world
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h> @interface Fraction: NSObject { int numerator; int denominator; } -(void) print; -(void) setNumerator: (int) n; -(void) setDenominator: (int) d; -(int) numerator; -(int) denominator; @end
#import "Fraction.h" #import <stdio.h> @implementation Fraction -(void) print { printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator ); } -(void) setNumerator: (int) n { numerator = n; } -(void) setDenominator: (int) d { denominator = d; } -(int) denominator { return denominator; } -(int) numerator { return numerator; } @end
#import <stdio.h> #import "Fraction.h" int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { // create a new instance Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init]; // set the values [frac setNumerator: 1]; [frac setDenominator: 3]; // print it printf( "The fraction is: " ); [frac print]; printf( "\n" ); // free memory [frac release]; return 0; }
The fraction is: 1/3
... -(void) setNumerator: (int) n andDenominator: (int) d; ...
... -(void) setNumerator: (int) n andDenominator: (int) d { numerator = n; denominator = d; } ...
#import <stdio.h> #import "Fraction.h" int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { // create a new instance Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init]; Fraction *frac2 = [[Fraction alloc] init]; // set the values [frac setNumerator: 1]; [frac setDenominator: 3]; // combined set [frac2 setNumerator: 1 andDenominator: 5]; // print it printf( "The fraction is: " ); [frac print]; printf( "\n" ); // print it printf( "Fraction 2 is: " ); [frac2 print]; printf( "\n" ); // free memory [frac release]; [frac2 release]; return 0; }
The fraction is: 1/3 Fraction 2 is: 1/5
... -(Fraction*) initWithNumerator: (int) n denominator: (int) d; ...
... -(Fraction*) initWithNumerator: (int) n denominator: (int) d { self = [super init]; if ( self ) { [self setNumerator: n andDenominator: d]; } return self; } ...
#import <stdio.h> #import "Fraction.h" int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { // create a new instance Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init]; Fraction *frac2 = [[Fraction alloc] init]; Fraction *frac3 = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator: 3 denominator: 10]; // set the values [frac setNumerator: 1]; [frac setDenominator: 3]; // combined set [frac2 setNumerator: 1 andDenominator: 5]; // print it printf( "The fraction is: " ); [frac print]; printf( "\n" ); printf( "Fraction 2 is: " ); [frac2 print]; printf( "\n" ); printf( "Fraction 3 is: " ); [frac3 print]; printf( "\n" ); // free memory [frac release]; [frac2 release]; [frac3 release]; return 0; }
The fraction is: 1/3 Fraction 2 is: 1/5 Fraction 3 is: 3/10
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h> @interface Access: NSObject { @public int publicVar; @private int privateVar; int privateVar2; @protected int protectedVar; } @end
#import "Access.h" @implementation Access @end
#import "Access.h" #import <stdio.h> int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { Access *a = [[Access alloc] init]; // works a->publicVar = 5; printf( "public var: %i\n", a->publicVar ); // doesn't compile //a->privateVar = 10; //printf( "private var: %i\n", a->privateVar ); [a release]; return 0; }
public var: 5
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h> static int count; @interface ClassA: NSObject +(int) initCount; +(void) initialize; @end
#import "ClassA.h" @implementation ClassA -(id) init { self = [super init]; count++; return self; } +(int) initCount { return count; } +(void) initialize { count = 0; } @end
#import "ClassA.h" #import <stdio.h> int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { ClassA *c1 = [[ClassA alloc] init]; ClassA *c2 = [[ClassA alloc] init]; // print count printf( "ClassA count: %i\n", [ClassA initCount] ); ClassA *c3 = [[ClassA alloc] init]; // print count again printf( "ClassA count: %i\n", [ClassA initCount] ); [c1 release]; [c2 release]; [c3 release]; return 0; }
ClassA count: 2 ClassA count: 3
#import <Foundation/NSException.h> @interface CupWarningException: NSException @end
#import "CupWarningException.h" @implementation CupWarningException @end
#import <Foundation/NSException.h> @interface CupOverflowException: NSException @end
#import "CupOverflowException.h" @implementation CupOverflowException @end
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h> @interface Cup: NSObject { int level; } -(int) level; -(void) setLevel: (int) l; -(void) fill; -(void) empty; -(void) print; @end
#import "Cup.h" #import "CupOverflowException.h" #import "CupWarningException.h" #import <Foundation/NSException.h> #import <Foundation/NSString.h> @implementation Cup -(id) init { self = [super init]; if ( self ) { [self setLevel: 0]; } return self; } -(int) level { return level; } -(void) setLevel: (int) l { level = l; if ( level > 100 ) { // throw overflow NSException *e = [CupOverflowException exceptionWithName: @"CupOverflowException" reason: @"The level is above 100" userInfo: nil]; @throw e; } else if ( level >= 50 ) { // throw warning NSException *e = [CupWarningException exceptionWithName: @"CupWarningException" reason: @"The level is above or at 50" userInfo: nil]; @throw e; } else if ( level < 0 ) { // throw exception NSException *e = [NSException exceptionWithName: @"CupUnderflowException" reason: @"The level is below 0" userInfo: nil]; @throw e; } } -(void) fill { [self setLevel: level + 10]; } -(void) empty { [self setLevel: level - 10]; } -(void) print { printf( "Cup level is: %i\n", level ); } @end
#import "Cup.h" #import "CupOverflowException.h" #import "CupWarningException.h" #import <Foundation/NSString.h> #import <Foundation/NSException.h> #import <Foundation/NSAutoreleasePool.h> #import <stdio.h> int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; Cup *cup = [[Cup alloc] init]; int i; // this will work for ( i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) { [cup fill]; [cup print]; } // this will throw exceptions for ( i = 0; i < 7; i++ ) { @try { [cup fill]; } @catch ( CupWarningException *e ) { printf( "%s: ", [[e name] cString] ); } @catch ( CupOverflowException *e ) { printf( "%s: ", [[e name] cString] ); } @finally { [cup print]; } } // throw a generic exception @try { [cup setLevel: -1]; } @catch ( NSException *e ) { printf( "%s: %s\n", [[e name] cString], [[e reason] cString] ); } // free memory [cup release]; [pool release]; }
Cup level is: 10 Cup level is: 20 Cup level is: 30 Cup level is: 40 CupWarningException: Cup level is: 50 CupWarningException: Cup level is: 60 CupWarningException: Cup level is: 70 CupWarningException: Cup level is: 80 CupWarningException: Cup level is: 90 CupWarningException: Cup level is: 100 CupOverflowException: Cup level is: 110 CupUnderflowException: The level is below 0
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h> @interface Fraction: NSObject { int numerator; int denominator; } -(Fraction*) initWithNumerator: (int) n denominator: (int) d; -(void) print; -(void) setNumerator: (int) d; -(void) setDenominator: (int) d; -(void) setNumerator: (int) n andDenominator: (int) d; -(int) numerator; -(int) denominator; @end
#import "Fraction.h" #import <stdio.h> @implementation Fraction -(Fraction*) initWithNumerator: (int) n denominator: (int) d { self = [super init]; if ( self ) { [self setNumerator: n andDenominator: d]; } return self; } -(void) print { printf( "%i / %i", numerator, denominator ); } -(void) setNumerator: (int) n { numerator = n; } -(void) setDenominator: (int) d { denominator = d; } -(void) setNumerator: (int) n andDenominator: (int) d { numerator = n; denominator = d; } -(int) denominator { return denominator; } -(int) numerator { return numerator; } @end
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h> @interface Complex: NSObject { double real; double imaginary; } -(Complex*) initWithReal: (double) r andImaginary: (double) i; -(void) setReal: (double) r; -(void) setImaginary: (double) i; -(void) setReal: (double) r andImaginary: (double) i; -(double) real; -(double) imaginary; -(void) print; @end
#import "Complex.h" #import <stdio.h> @implementation Complex -(Complex*) initWithReal: (double) r andImaginary: (double) i { self = [super init]; if ( self ) { [self setReal: r andImaginary: i]; } return self; } -(void) setReal: (double) r { real = r; } -(void) setImaginary: (double) i { imaginary = i; } -(void) setReal: (double) r andImaginary: (double) i { real = r; imaginary = i; } -(double) real { return real; } -(double) imaginary { return imaginary; } -(void) print { printf( "%_f + %_fi", real, imaginary ); } @end
#import <stdio.h> #import "Fraction.h" #import "Complex.h" int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { // create a new instance Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator: 1 denominator: 10]; Complex *comp = [[Complex alloc] initWithReal: 10 andImaginary: 15]; id number; // print fraction number = frac; printf( "The fraction is: " ); [number print]; printf( "\n" ); // print complex number = comp; printf( "The complex number is: " ); [number print]; printf( "\n" ); // free memory [frac release]; [comp release]; return 0; }
The fraction is: 1 / 10 The complex number is: 10.000000 + 15.000000i
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h> @interface Rectangle: NSObject { int width; int height; } -(Rectangle*) initWithWidth: (int) w height: (int) h; -(void) setWidth: (int) w; -(void) setHeight: (int) h; -(void) setWidth: (int) w height: (int) h; -(int) width; -(int) height; -(void) print; @end
#import "Rectangle.h" #import <stdio.h> @implementation Rectangle -(Rectangle*) initWithWidth: (int) w height: (int) h { self = [super init]; if ( self ) { [self setWidth: w height: h]; } return self; } -(void) setWidth: (int) w { width = w; } -(void) setHeight: (int) h { height = h; } -(void) setWidth: (int) w height: (int) h { width = w; height = h; } -(int) width { return width; } -(int) height { return height; } -(void) print { printf( "width = %i, height = %i", width, height ); } @end
#import "Rectangle.h" @interface Square: Rectangle -(Square*) initWithSize: (int) s; -(void) setSize: (int) s; -(int) size; @end
#import "Square.h" @implementation Square -(Square*) initWithSize: (int) s { self = [super init]; if ( self ) { [self setSize: s]; } return self; } -(void) setSize: (int) s { width = s; height = s; } -(int) size { return width; } -(void) setWidth: (int) w { [self setSize: w]; } -(void) setHeight: (int) h { [self setSize: h]; } @end
#import "Square.h" #import "Rectangle.h" #import <stdio.h> int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { Rectangle *rec = [[Rectangle alloc] initWithWidth: 10 height: 20]; Square *sq = [[Square alloc] initWithSize: 15]; // print em printf( "Rectangle: " ); [rec print]; printf( "\n" ); printf( "Square: " ); [sq print]; printf( "\n" ); // update square [sq setWidth: 20]; printf( "Square after change: " ); [sq print]; printf( "\n" ); // free memory [rec release]; [sq release]; return 0; }
Rectangle: width = 10, height = 20 Square: width = 15, height = 15 Square after change: width = 20, height = 20
-(BOOL) isKindOfClass: classObj | is object a descendent or member of classObj |
-(BOOL) isMemberOfClass: classObj | is object a member of classObj 此物件是否是 classObj 的一員 |
-(BOOL) respondsToSelector: selector | does the object have a method named specifiec by the selector 此物件是否有叫做 selector 的 method |
+(BOOL) instancesRespondToSelector: selector | does an object created by this class have the ability to respond to the specified selector 此物件是否是由有能力回應指定 selector 的物件所產生 |
-(id) performSelector: selector | invoke the specified selector on the object 喚起此物件的指定 selector |
#import "Square.h" #import "Rectangle.h" #import <stdio.h> int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { Rectangle *rec = [[Rectangle alloc] initWithWidth: 10 height: 20]; Square *sq = [[Square alloc] initWithSize: 15]; // isMemberOfClass // true if ( [sq isMemberOfClass: [Square class]] == YES ) { printf( "square is a member of square class\n" ); } // false if ( [sq isMemberOfClass: [Rectangle class]] == YES ) { printf( "square is a member of rectangle class\n" ); } // false if ( [sq isMemberOfClass: [NSObject class]] == YES ) { printf( "square is a member of object class\n" ); } // isKindOfClass // true if ( [sq isKindOfClass: [Square class]] == YES ) { printf( "square is a kind of square class\n" ); } // true if ( [sq isKindOfClass: [Rectangle class]] == YES ) { printf( "square is a kind of rectangle class\n" ); } // true if ( [sq isKindOfClass: [NSObject class]] == YES ) { printf( "square is a kind of object class\n" ); } // respondsToSelector // true if ( [sq respondsToSelector: @selector( setSize: )] == YES ) { printf( "square responds to setSize: method\n" ); } // false if ( [sq respondsToSelector: @selector( nonExistant )] == YES ) { printf( "square responds to nonExistant method\n" ); } // true if ( [Square respondsToSelector: @selector( alloc )] == YES ) { printf( "square class responds to alloc method\n" ); } // instancesRespondToSelector // false if ( [Rectangle instancesRespondToSelector: @selector( setSize: )] == YES ) { printf( "rectangle instance responds to setSize: method\n" ); } // true if ( [Square instancesRespondToSelector: @selector( setSize: )] == YES ) { printf( "square instance responds to setSize: method\n" ); } // free memory [rec release]; [sq release]; return 0; }
square is a member of square class square is a kind of square class square is a kind of rectangle class square is a kind of object class square responds to setSize: method square class responds to alloc method square instance responds to setSize: method
#import "Fraction.h" @interface Fraction (Math) -(Fraction*) add: (Fraction*) f; -(Fraction*) mul: (Fraction*) f; -(Fraction*) div: (Fraction*) f; -(Fraction*) sub: (Fraction*) f; @end
#import "FractionMath.h" @implementation Fraction (Math) -(Fraction*) add: (Fraction*) f { return [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator: numerator * [f denominator] + denominator * [f numerator] denominator: denominator * [f denominator]]; } -(Fraction*) mul: (Fraction*) f { return [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator: numerator * [f numerator] denominator: denominator * [f denominator]]; } -(Fraction*) div: (Fraction*) f { return [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator: numerator * [f denominator] denominator: denominator * [f numerator]]; } -(Fraction*) sub: (Fraction*) f { return [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator: numerator * [f denominator] - denominator * [f numerator] denominator: denominator * [f denominator]]; } @end
#import <stdio.h> #import "Fraction.h" #import "FractionMath.h" int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { // create a new instance Fraction *frac1 = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator: 1 denominator: 3]; Fraction *frac2 = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator: 2 denominator: 5]; Fraction *frac3 = [frac1 mul: frac2]; // print it [frac1 print]; printf( " * " ); [frac2 print]; printf( " = " ); [frac3 print]; printf( "\n" ); // free memory [frac1 release]; [frac2 release]; [frac3 release]; return 0; }
1/3 * 2/5 = 2/15
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h> @interface MyClass: NSObject -(void) publicMethod; @end
#import "MyClass.h" #import <stdio.h> @implementation MyClass -(void) publicMethod { printf( "public method\n" ); } @end // private methods @interface MyClass (Private) -(void) privateMethod; @end @implementation MyClass (Private) -(void) privateMethod { printf( "private method\n" ); } @end
#import "MyClass.h" int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { MyClass *obj = [[MyClass alloc] init]; // this compiles [obj publicMethod]; // this throws errors when compiling //[obj privateMethod]; // free memory [obj release]; return 0; }
public method
#import "Fraction.h" @interface FractionB: Fraction -(void) print; @end
#import "FractionB.h" #import <stdio.h> @implementation FractionB -(void) print { printf( "(%i/%i)", numerator, denominator ); } @end
#import <stdio.h> #import "Fraction.h" #import "FractionB.h" int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator: 3 denominator: 10]; // print it printf( "The fraction is: " ); [frac print]; printf( "\n" ); // make FractionB pose as Fraction [FractionB poseAsClass: [Fraction class]]; Fraction *frac2 = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator: 3 denominator: 10]; // print it printf( "The fraction is: " ); [frac2 print]; printf( "\n" ); // free memory [frac release]; [frac2 release]; return 0; }
The fraction is: 3/10 The fraction is: (3/10)
@protocol Printing -(void) print; @end
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h> #import "Printing.h" @interface Fraction: NSObject <Printing, NSCopying> { int numerator; int denominator; } -(Fraction*) initWithNumerator: (int) n denominator: (int) d; -(void) setNumerator: (int) d; -(void) setDenominator: (int) d; -(void) setNumerator: (int) n andDenominator: (int) d; -(int) numerator; -(int) denominator; @end
#import "Fraction.h" #import <stdio.h> @implementation Fraction -(Fraction*) initWithNumerator: (int) n denominator: (int) d { self = [super init]; if ( self ) { [self setNumerator: n andDenominator: d]; } return self; } -(void) print { printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator ); } -(void) setNumerator: (int) n { numerator = n; } -(void) setDenominator: (int) d { denominator = d; } -(void) setNumerator: (int) n andDenominator: (int) d { numerator = n; denominator = d; } -(int) denominator { return denominator; } -(int) numerator { return numerator; } -(Fraction*) copyWithZone: (NSZone*) zone { return [[Fraction allocWithZone: zone] initWithNumerator: numerator denominator: denominator]; } @end
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h> #import "Printing.h" @interface Complex: NSObject <Printing> { double real; double imaginary; } -(Complex*) initWithReal: (double) r andImaginary: (double) i; -(void) setReal: (double) r; -(void) setImaginary: (double) i; -(void) setReal: (double) r andImaginary: (double) i; -(double) real; -(double) imaginary; @end
#import "Complex.h" #import <stdio.h> @implementation Complex -(Complex*) initWithReal: (double) r andImaginary: (double) i { self = [super init]; if ( self ) { [self setReal: r andImaginary: i]; } return self; } -(void) setReal: (double) r { real = r; } -(void) setImaginary: (double) i { imaginary = i; } -(void) setReal: (double) r andImaginary: (double) i { real = r; imaginary = i; } -(double) real { return real; } -(double) imaginary { return imaginary; } -(void) print { printf( "%_f + %_fi", real, imaginary ); } @end
#import <stdio.h> #import "Fraction.h" #import "Complex.h" int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { // create a new instance Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator: 3 denominator: 10]; Complex *comp = [[Complex alloc] initWithReal: 5 andImaginary: 15]; id <Printing> printable; id <NSCopying, Printing> copyPrintable; // print it printable = frac; printf( "The fraction is: " ); [printable print]; printf( "\n" ); // print complex printable = comp; printf( "The complex number is: " ); [printable print]; printf( "\n" ); // this compiles because Fraction comforms to both Printing and NSCopyable copyPrintable = frac; // this doesn't compile because Complex only conforms to Printing //copyPrintable = comp; // test conformance // true if ( [frac conformsToProtocol: @protocol( NSCopying )] == YES ) { printf( "Fraction conforms to NSCopying\n" ); } // false if ( [comp conformsToProtocol: @protocol( NSCopying )] == YES ) { printf( "Complex conforms to NSCopying\n" ); } // free memory [frac release]; [comp release]; return 0; }
The fraction is: 3/10 The complex number is: 5.000000 + 15.000000i Fraction conforms to NSCopying
... -(void) dealloc { printf( "Deallocing fraction\n" ); [super dealloc]; } ...
#import "Fraction.h" #import <stdio.h> int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { Fraction *frac1 = [[Fraction alloc] init]; Fraction *frac2 = [[Fraction alloc] init]; // print current counts printf( "Fraction 1 retain count: %i\n", [frac1 retainCount] ); printf( "Fraction 2 retain count: %i\n", [frac2 retainCount] ); // increment them [frac1 retain]; // 2 [frac1 retain]; // 3 [frac2 retain]; // 2 // print current counts printf( "Fraction 1 retain count: %i\n", [frac1 retainCount] ); printf( "Fraction 2 retain count: %i\n", [frac2 retainCount] ); // decrement [frac1 release]; // 2 [frac2 release]; // 1 // print current counts printf( "Fraction 1 retain count: %i\n", [frac1 retainCount] ); printf( "Fraction 2 retain count: %i\n", [frac2 retainCount] ); // release them until they dealloc themselves [frac1 release]; // 1 [frac1 release]; // 0 [frac2 release]; // 0 }
Fraction 1 retain count: 1 Fraction 2 retain count: 1 Fraction 1 retain count: 3 Fraction 2 retain count: 2 Fraction 1 retain count: 2 Fraction 2 retain count: 1 Deallocing fraction Deallocing fraction
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h> #import <Foundation/NSString.h> @interface AddressCard: NSObject { NSString *first; NSString *last; NSString *email; } -(AddressCard*) initWithFirst: (NSString*) f last: (NSString*) l email: (NSString*) e; -(NSString*) first; -(NSString*) last; -(NSString*) email; -(void) setFirst: (NSString*) f; -(void) setLast: (NSString*) l; -(void) setEmail: (NSString*) e; -(void) setFirst: (NSString*) f last: (NSString*) l email: (NSString*) e; -(void) setFirst: (NSString*) f last: (NSString*) l; -(void) print; @end
#import "AddressCard.h" #import <stdio.h> @implementation AddressCard -(AddressCard*) initWithFirst: (NSString*) f last: (NSString*) l email: (NSString*) e { self = [super init]; if ( self ) { [self setFirst: f last: l email: e]; } return self; } -(NSString*) first { return first; } -(NSString*) last { return last; } -(NSString*) email { return email; } -(void) setFirst: (NSString*) f { [f retain]; [first release]; first = f; } -(void) setLast: (NSString*) l { [l retain]; [last release]; last = l; } -(void) setEmail: (NSString*) e { [e retain]; [email release]; email = e; } -(void) setFirst: (NSString*) f last: (NSString*) l email: (NSString*) e { [self setFirst: f]; [self setLast: l]; [self setEmail: e]; } -(void) setFirst: (NSString*) f last: (NSString*) l { [self setFirst: f]; [self setLast: l]; } -(void) print { printf( "%s %s <%s>", [first cString], [last cString], [email cString] ); } -(void) dealloc { [first release]; [last release]; [email release]; [super dealloc]; } @end
#import "AddressCard.h" #import <Foundation/NSString.h> #import <stdio.h> int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { NSString *first =[[NSString alloc] initWithCString: "Tom"]; NSString *last = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString: "Jones"]; NSString *email = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString: "[email protected]"]; AddressCard *tom = [[AddressCard alloc] initWithFirst: first last: last email: email]; // we're done with the strings, so we must dealloc them [first release]; [last release]; [email release]; // print to show the retain count printf( "Retain count: %i\n", [[tom first] retainCount] ); [tom print]; printf( "\n" ); // free memory [tom release]; return 0; }
Retain count: 1 Tom Jones <[email protected]>
#import <Foundation/NSString.h> #import <Foundation/NSAutoreleasePool.h> #import <stdio.h> int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; NSString *str1 = @"constant string"; NSString *str2 = [NSString stringWithString: @"string managed by the pool"]; NSString *str3 = [[NSString alloc] initWithString: @"self managed string"]; // print the strings printf( "%s retain count: %x\n", [str1 cString], [str1 retainCount] ); printf( "%s retain count: %x\n", [str2 cString], [str2 retainCount] ); printf( "%s retain count: %x\n", [str3 cString], [str3 retainCount] ); // free memory [str3 release]; // free pool [pool release]; return 0; }
constant string retain count: ffffffff string managed by the pool retain count: 1 self managed string retain count: 1
... +(Fraction*) fractionWithNumerator: (int) n denominator: (int) d; ...
... +(Fraction*) fractionWithNumerator: (int) n denominator: (int) d { Fraction *ret = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator: n denominator: d]; [ret autorelease]; return ret; } ...
#import <Foundation/NSAutoreleasePool.h> #import "Fraction.h" #import <stdio.h> int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; Fraction *frac1 = [Fraction fractionWithNumerator: 2 denominator: 5]; Fraction *frac2 = [Fraction fractionWithNumerator: 1 denominator: 3]; // print frac 1 printf( "Fraction 1: " ); [frac1 print]; printf( "\n" ); // print frac 2 printf( "Fraction 2: " ); [frac2 print]; printf( "\n" ); // this causes a segmentation fault //[frac1 release]; // release the pool and all objects in it [pool release]; return 0; }
Fraction 1: 2/5 Fraction 2: 1/3
#import <Foundation/NSArray.h> #import <Foundation/NSString.h> #import <Foundation/NSAutoreleasePool.h> #import <Foundation/NSEnumerator.h> #import <stdio.h> void print( NSArray *array ) { NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array objectEnumerator]; id obj; while ( obj = [enumerator nextObject] ) { printf( "%s\n", [[obj description] cString] ); } } int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; NSArray *arr = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects: @"Me", @"Myself", @"I", nil]; NSMutableArray *mutable = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; // enumerate over items printf( "----static array\n" ); print( arr ); // add stuff [mutable addObject: @"One"]; [mutable addObject: @"Two"]; [mutable addObjectsFromArray: arr]; [mutable addObject: @"Three"]; // print em printf( "----mutable array\n" ); print( mutable ); // sort then print printf( "----sorted mutable array\n" ); [mutable sortUsingSelector: @selector( caseInsensitiveCompare: )]; print( mutable ); // free memory [arr release]; [mutable release]; [pool release]; return 0; }
----static array Me Myself I ----mutable array One Two Me Myself I Three ----sorted mutable array I Me Myself One Three Two
#import <Foundation/NSString.h> #import <Foundation/NSAutoreleasePool.h> #import <Foundation/NSDictionary.h> #import <Foundation/NSEnumerator.h> #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <stdio.h> void print( NSDictionary *map ) { NSEnumerator *enumerator = [map keyEnumerator]; id key; while ( key = [enumerator nextObject] ) { printf( "%s => %s\n", [[key description] cString], [[[map objectForKey: key] description] cString] ); } } int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; NSDictionary *dictionary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys: @"one", [NSNumber numberWithInt: 1], @"two", [NSNumber numberWithInt: 2], @"three", [NSNumber numberWithInt: 3], nil]; NSMutableDictionary *mutable = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; // print dictionary printf( "----static dictionary\n" ); print( dictionary ); // add objects [mutable setObject: @"Tom" forKey: @"[email protected]"]; [mutable setObject: @"Bob" forKey: @"[email protected]" ]; // print mutable dictionary printf( "----mutable dictionary\n" ); print( mutable ); // free memory [dictionary release]; [mutable release]; [pool release]; return 0; }
----static dictionary 1 => one 2 => two 3 => three ----mutable dictionary [email protected] => Bob [email protected] => Tom
Last modified: April 13, 2004.
中文翻譯:William Shih (xamous),January 7, 2005