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大家好我们这一节讲的是LayoutInflater的使用,在实际开发种LayoutInflater这个类还是非常有用的,它的作用类似于 findViewById(),
不同点是LayoutInflater是用来找layout下xml布局文件,并且实例化!而findViewById()是找具体xml下的具体 widget控件(如:Button,TextView等)。
为了让大家容易理解我做了一个简单的Demo,主布局main.xml里有一个TextView和一个Button,当点击Button,出现 Dialog,而这个Dialog的布局方式是我们在layout目录下定义的custom_dialog.xml文件(里面左右分布,左边 ImageView,右边TextView)。
view plaincopy to clipboardprint? <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="ShowCustomDialog" /> </LinearLayout>
view plaincopy to clipboardprint? <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:padding="10dp" > <ImageView android:id="@+id/image" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_marginRight="10dp" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/text" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:textColor="#FFF" /> </LinearLayout>
view plaincopy to clipboardprint? package com.android.tutor; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.AlertDialog; import android.content.Context; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.TextView; public class LayoutInflaterDemo extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private Button button; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button); button.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { showCustomDialog(); } public void showCustomDialog() { AlertDialog.Builder builder; AlertDialog alertDialog; Context mContext = LayoutInflaterDemo.this; //下面俩种方法都可以 ////LayoutInflater inflater = getLayoutInflater(); LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater) mContext.getSystemService(LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); View layout = inflater.inflate(R.layout.custom_dialog,null); TextView text = (TextView) layout.findViewById(R.id.text); text.setText("Hello, Welcome to Mr Wei's blog!"); ImageView image = (ImageView) layout.findViewById(R.id.image); image.setImageResource(R.drawable.icon); builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext); builder.setView(layout); alertDialog = builder.create(); alertDialog.show(); } }
一般来讲,我们用LayoutInflater做一件事:inflate。inflate这个方法总共有四种形式,目的都是把xml表述的layout转化为View。This class is used to instantiate layout XML file into its corresponding View objects . It is never be used directly -- use getLayoutInflater() or getSystemService(String)getLayoutInflater() or getSystemService(String) to retrieve a standard LayoutInflater instance that is already hooked up to the current context and correctly configured for the device you are running on
1. Context.public abstract Object getSystemService (String name) :Return the handle to a system-level service by name. The class of the returned object varies by the requested name. 具体参见文档。
2. 2种获得LayoutInflater的方法
(1)通过SystemService获得
LayoutInflater inflater=(LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
(2)从给定的context中获取
(3)二者区别:实质是一样的,请看源码
public static LayoutInflater from(Context context) { LayoutInflater LayoutInflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); if (LayoutInflater == null) { throw new AssertionError("LayoutInflater not found."); } return LayoutInflater; }
public static LayoutInflater from(Context context) { LayoutInflater LayoutInflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); if (LayoutInflater == null) { throw new AssertionError("LayoutInflater not found."); } return LayoutInflater; }
3. LayoutInflater.inflate()
将Layout文件转换为View,顾名思义,专门供Layout使用的Inflater。虽然Layout也是View的子类,但在android中如果想将xml中的Layout转换为View放入.java代码中操作,只能通过Inflater,而不能通过findViewById(),这一段描述有误,看如下代码 。看下面文档写的已经很清楚。
<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/placeslist_linearlayout" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="vertical"> </LinearLayout> </ScrollView> <ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/placeslist_linearlayout" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="vertical"> </LinearLayout> </ScrollView> LinearLayout linearLayout
linearLayout.addView(place_type_text);
这是可运行的,这上面的xml中,LinearLayout不再是Layout的代表,而只是一个普通的View。
4. findViewById有2中形式
R.layout.xx 是引用res/layout/xx.xml的布局文件(inflate方法),R.id.xx是引用布局文件里面的组件,组件的id是xx...(findViewById方法)。看看R.java配置文件吧,R对文件分类管理,多写几个layout.xml后你会发现,所有的组件id都能用R.id.xx来查看,但是组件不在setContentView()里面的layout中就无法使用,Activity.findViewById()会出现空指针异常 。
总结以下:
View layout = inflater.inflate(R.layout.custom_dialog,null); 里面的参数是布局文件的名称。
LinearLayout linearLayout = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.placeslist_linearlayout);l里面的参数是空间id名称。