在使用这个函数的时候,将参数type写成“w”就出现了不能理解的地方(网上的一些程序参数type多是“r”)。看下面一个程序:
#include <stdio.h> int main() { FILE * fp; char buf[40] = {0}; fp = popen(NULL, "w"); if(NULL == fp) { perror("popen error.\n"); return -1; } printf("Input command:"); fgets(buf, 40, stdin); fputs(buf, fp); pclose(fp); return 0; }
执行结果:
[root@localhost codetest]# ./a.out很明显出错了,但是根据那段翻译的内容,搞得自己很糊涂,后来问了老师,说是type参数为"w"的时候,popen的第一个参数为命令解释器,即bash/sh之类。修改后的程序如下:
#include <stdio.h> int main() { FILE * fp; char buf[40] = {0}; fp = popen("bash", "w"); if(NULL == fp) { perror("popen error.\n"); return -1; } printf("Input command:"); fgets(buf, 40, stdin); fputs(buf, fp); pclose(fp); return 0; }执行结果:
[root@localhost codetest]# ./a.out
Input command:pwd
/home/qian/codetest
这下就对了!
可是还是有疑问的,如果我直接在popen()的第一个参数写命令,也同样可以得到命令结果,程序如下:
#include <stdio.h> int main() { FILE * fp; char buf[40] = {0}; fp = popen("pwd", "w"); if(NULL == fp) { perror("popen error.\n"); return -1; } pclose(fp); return 0; }执行结果:
[root@localhost codetest]# ./a.out
/home/qian/codetest
关于这个参数的问题,一直是个疙瘩,如果谁知道的话,可以给个解答,感激不尽!
下面是type参数为“r”的一个程序:
#include <stdio.h> int main() { FILE * fp; char buf[20] = {0}; fp = popen("ls","r"); if(NULL == fp) { perror("popen error!\n"); return -1; } while(fgets(buf, 20, fp) != NULL) { printf("%s", buf); } pclose(fp); return 0; }
值得注意的是:一定要用pclose()来关闭文件指针,这是我老忘记的事。
下面给出一个网上给出的popen()和pclose()实现函数:
Figure 15.12. The popen and pclose functions #include "apue.h" #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/wait.h> /* * Pointer to array allocated at run-time. */ static pid_t *childpid = NULL; /* * From our open_max(), Figure 2.16. */ static int maxfd; FILE * popen(const char *cmdstring, const char *type) { int i; int pfd[2]; pid_t pid; FILE *fp; /* only allow "r" or "w" */ if ((type[0] != 'r' && type[0] != 'w') || type[1] != 0) { errno = EINVAL; /* required by POSIX */ return(NULL); } if (childpid == NULL) { /* first time through */ /* allocate zeroed out array for child pids */ maxfd = open_max(); if ((childpid = calloc(maxfd, sizeof(pid_t))) == NULL) return(NULL); } if (pipe(pfd) < 0) return(NULL); /* errno set by pipe() */ if ((pid = fork()) < 0) { return(NULL); /* errno set by fork() */ } else if (pid == 0) { /* child */ if (*type == 'r') { close(pfd[0]); if (pfd[1] != STDOUT_FILENO) { dup2(pfd[1], STDOUT_FILENO); close(pfd[1]); } } else { close(pfd[1]); if (pfd[0] != STDIN_FILENO) { dup2(pfd[0], STDIN_FILENO); close(pfd[0]); } } /* close all descriptors in childpid[] */ for (i = 0; i < maxfd; i++) if (childpid[i] > 0) close(i); execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", cmdstring, (char *)0); _exit(127); } /* parent continues... */ if (*type == 'r') { close(pfd[1]); if ((fp = fdopen(pfd[0], type)) == NULL) return(NULL); } else { close(pfd[0]); if ((fp = fdopen(pfd[1], type)) == NULL) return(NULL); } childpid[fileno(fp)] = pid; /* remember child pid for this fd */ return(fp); } int pclose(FILE *fp) { int fd, stat; pid_t pid; if (childpid == NULL) { errno = EINVAL; return(-1); /* popen() has never been called */ } fd = fileno(fp); if ((pid = childpid[fd]) == 0) { errno = EINVAL; return(-1); /* fp wasn't opened by popen() */ } childpid[fd] = 0; if (fclose(fp) == EOF) return(-1); while (waitpid(pid, &stat, 0) < 0) if (errno != EINTR) return(-1); /* error other than EINTR from waitpid() */ return(stat); /* return child's termination status */ }