Sql Server备份与还原
1、完全备份与还原
create table dept
(
dept_id int identity(1,1) primary key,
dept_name nvarchar(256)
);
insert into dept(dept_name) values('张三001');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('张三002');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('张三003');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('张三004');
select * from dept;
backup database test to disk='D:\test001.bak';
truncate table dept;
use master;
restore database test from disk='D:\test001.bak' with replace;
use test;
select * from dept;
完全备份简单，恢复也很简单，但是如果数据库太大，可能会花很长时间，针对这个问题吗，需要制定好备份计划，
比如说：
周日：全备份
周一：日志备份
周二：差异备份
周三：日志备份
周四：日志备份
周五：差异备份
周六：日志备份
2、差异备份与还原if exists(select * from sys.tables where name='dept')
drop table dept
GO
create table dept
(
dept_id int identity(1,1) primary key,
dept_name nvarchar(256)
)
GO
insert into dept(dept_name) values('张三001');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('张三002');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('张三003');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('张三004');
select * from dept;
backup database test to disk='D:\test001.bak';
truncate table dept;
insert into dept(dept_name) values('李四001');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('李四002');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('李四003');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('李四004');
backup database test to disk='D:\test001_001.diff' with differential;
use master;
restore database test from disk='D:\test001.bak' with norecovery,replace;
restore database test from disk='D:\test001_001.diff' with recovery;
use test;
select * from dept;
差异备份的还原需要建立在一次全备份基础之上，并且中间不能有间隔，由于数据比较重要建议使用完整恢复模式
alter database test set recovery full;
3、日志备份与还原
同样道理，日至还原也是需要建立在一次全备份基础之上，中间不能有间隔，最好使用完全恢复模式
if exists(select * from sys.tables where name='dept')
drop table dept
GO
create table dept
(
dept_id int identity(1,1) primary key,
dept_name nvarchar(256)
)
GO
insert into dept(dept_name) values('张三001');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('张三002');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('张三003');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('张三004');
select * from dept;
backup database test to disk='D:\test001.bak';
delete from dept where dept_id=1;
insert into dept(dept_name) values('李四001');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('李四002');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('李四003');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('李四004');
backup log test to disk='D:\test001_001.trn';
delete from dept where dept_id=5;
insert into dept(dept_name) values('王五001');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('王五002');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('王五003');
insert into dept(dept_name) values('王五004');
backup log test to disk='D:\test001_002.trn';
use master;
restore database test from disk='D:\test001.bak' with norecovery,replace;
restore log test from disk='D:\test001_001.trn' with norecovery;
restore log test from disk='D:\test001_002.trn' with recovery;
use test;
select * from dept;
日志还原还可以还原到时间点：
restore database test from disk='D:\test001.bak' with norecovery,replace; restore log test from disk='D:\test001_001.trn' with norecovery; restore log test from disk='D:\test001_002.trn' with norecovery,stopat='2013-07-10 16:18:50'; restore database test with recovery
注：针对差异备份与日志备份的还原，必须建议在一次全备份基础之上，并且中间的备份不能出现间隔
例如：2013-07-09 16：20：13 全备份
2013-07-10 16：20：13 差异(日志)备份
2013-07-11 16：20：13 差异(日志)备份
2013-07-12 16：20：13 差异(日志)备份
然后我想还原到2013-07-11 09：50：10这个时间点，但是发现2013-07-10 16：20：13这个备份丢失了，
这样肯定就不行了
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关于备份与恢复还有许多具体的参数，可以参考微软提供的文档
全备份：
BACKUP DATABASE { database_name | @database_name_var }
TO <backup_device> [ ,...n ]
[ <MIRROR TO clause> ] [ next-mirror-to ]
[ WITH { DIFFERENTIAL | <general_WITH_options> [ ,...n ] } ]
[;]
文件、文件组备份：
BACKUP DATABASE { database_name | @database_name_var }
<file_or_filegroup> [ ,...n ]
TO <backup_device> [ ,...n ]
[ <MIRROR TO clause> ] [ next-mirror-to ]
[ WITH { DIFFERENTIAL | <general_WITH_options> [ ,...n ] } ]
[;]
部分备份：
BACKUP DATABASE { database_name | @database_name_var }
READ_WRITE_FILEGROUPS [ , <read_only_filegroup> [ ,...n ] ]
TO <backup_device> [ ,...n ]
[ <MIRROR TO clause> ] [ next-mirror-to ]
[ WITH { DIFFERENTIAL | <general_WITH_options> [ ,...n ] } ]
[;]
日志备份 (full and bulk-logged recovery models)
BACKUP LOG { database_name | @database_name_var }
TO <backup_device> [ ,...n ]
[ <MIRROR TO clause> ] [ next-mirror-to ]
[ WITH { <general_WITH_options> | <log-specific_optionspec> } [ ,...n ] ]
[;]
<backup_device>::=
{
{ logical_device_name | @logical_device_name_var }
| { DISK | TAPE } =
{ 'physical_device_name' | @physical_device_name_var }
}
<MIRROR TO clause>::=
MIRROR TO <backup_device> [ ,...n ]
<file_or_filegroup>::=
{
FILE = { logical_file_name | @logical_file_name_var }
| FILEGROUP = { logical_filegroup_name | @logical_filegroup_name_var }
}
<read_only_filegroup>::=
FILEGROUP = { logical_filegroup_name | @logical_filegroup_name_var }
<general_WITH_options> [ ,...n ]::=
--Backup Set Options
COPY_ONLY
| { COMPRESSION | NO_COMPRESSION }
| DESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable }
| NAME = { backup_set_name | @backup_set_name_var }
| PASSWORD = { password | @password_variable }
| { EXPIREDATE = { 'date' | @date_var }
| RETAINDAYS = { days | @days_var } }
--Media Set Options
{ NOINIT | INIT }
| { NOSKIP | SKIP }
| { NOFORMAT | FORMAT }
| MEDIADESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable }
| MEDIANAME = { media_name | @media_name_variable }
| MEDIAPASSWORD = { mediapassword | @mediapassword_variable }
| BLOCKSIZE = { blocksize | @blocksize_variable }
--Data Transfer Options
BUFFERCOUNT = { buffercount | @buffercount_variable }
| MAXTRANSFERSIZE = { maxtransfersize | @maxtransfersize_variable }
--Error Management Options
{ NO_CHECKSUM | CHECKSUM }
| { STOP_ON_ERROR | CONTINUE_AFTER_ERROR }
--Compatibility Options
RESTART
--Monitoring Options
STATS [ = percentage ]
--Tape Options
{ REWIND | NOREWIND }
| { UNLOAD | NOUNLOAD }
--Log-specific Options
{ NORECOVERY | STANDBY = undo_file_name }
| NO_TRUNCATE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RESTORE DATABASE { database_name | @database_name_var }
[ FROM <backup_device> [ ,...n ] ]
[ WITH
{
[ RECOVERY | NORECOVERY | STANDBY =
{standby_file_name | @standby_file_name_var }
]
| , <general_WITH_options> [ ,...n ]
| , <replication_WITH_option>
| , <change_data_capture_WITH_option>
| , <service_broker_WITH options>
| , <point_in_time_WITH_options—RESTORE_DATABASE>
} [ ,...n ]
]
[;]
--To perform the first step of the initial restore sequence
-- of a piecemeal restore:
RESTORE DATABASE { database_name | @database_name_var }
<files_or_filegroups> [ ,...n ]
[ FROM <backup_device> [ ,...n ] ]
WITH
PARTIAL, NORECOVERY
[ , <general_WITH_options> [ ,...n ]
| , <point_in_time_WITH_options—RESTORE_DATABASE>
] [ ,...n ]
[;]
--To Restore Specific Files or Filegroups:
RESTORE DATABASE { database_name | @database_name_var }
<file_or_filegroup> [ ,...n ]
[ FROM <backup_device> [ ,...n ] ]
WITH
{
[ RECOVERY | NORECOVERY ]
[ , <general_WITH_options> [ ,...n ] ]
} [ ,...n ]
[;]
--To Restore Specific Pages:
RESTORE DATABASE { database_name | @database_name_var }
PAGE = 'file:page [ ,...n ]'
[ , <file_or_filegroups> ] [ ,...n ]
[ FROM <backup_device> [ ,...n ] ]
WITH
NORECOVERY
[ , <general_WITH_options> [ ,...n ] ]
[;]
--To Restore a Transaction Log:
RESTORE LOG { database_name | @database_name_var }
[ <file_or_filegroup_or_pages> [ ,...n ] ]
[ FROM <backup_device> [ ,...n ] ]
[ WITH
{
[ RECOVERY | NORECOVERY | STANDBY =
{standby_file_name | @standby_file_name_var }
]
| , <general_WITH_options> [ ,...n ]
| , <replication_WITH_option>
| , <point_in_time_WITH_options—RESTORE_LOG>
} [ ,...n ]
]
[;]
--To Revert a Database to a Database Snapshot:
RESTORE DATABASE { database_name | @database_name_var }
FROM DATABASE_SNAPSHOT = database_snapshot_name
<backup_device>::=
{
{ logical_backup_device_name |
@logical_backup_device_name_var }
| { DISK | TAPE } = { 'physical_backup_device_name' |
@physical_backup_device_name_var }
}
<files_or_filegroups>::=
{
FILE = { logical_file_name_in_backup | @logical_file_name_in_backup_var }
| FILEGROUP = { logical_filegroup_name | @logical_filegroup_name_var }
| READ_WRITE_FILEGROUPS
}
<general_WITH_options> [ ,...n ]::=
--Restore Operation Options
MOVE 'logical_file_name_in_backup' TO 'operating_system_file_name'
[ ,...n ]
| REPLACE
| RESTART
| RESTRICTED_USER
--Backup Set Options
| FILE = { backup_set_file_number | @backup_set_file_number }
| PASSWORD = { password | @password_variable }
--Media Set Options
| MEDIANAME = { media_name | @media_name_variable }
| MEDIAPASSWORD = { mediapassword | @mediapassword_variable }
| BLOCKSIZE = { blocksize | @blocksize_variable }
--Data Transfer Options
| BUFFERCOUNT = { buffercount | @buffercount_variable }
| MAXTRANSFERSIZE = { maxtransfersize | @maxtransfersize_variable }
--Error Management Options
| { CHECKSUM | NO_CHECKSUM }
| { STOP_ON_ERROR | CONTINUE_AFTER_ERROR }
--Monitoring Options
| STATS [ = percentage ]
--Tape Options
| { REWIND | NOREWIND }
| { UNLOAD | NOUNLOAD }
<replication_WITH_option>::=
| KEEP_REPLICATION
<change_data_capture_WITH_option>::=
| KEEP_CDC
<service_broker_WITH_options>::=
| ENABLE_BROKER
| ERROR_BROKER_CONVERSATIONS
| NEW_BROKER
<point_in_time_WITH_options—RESTORE_DATABASE>::=
| {
STOPAT = { 'datetime' | @datetime_var }
| STOPATMARK = { 'lsn:lsn_number' }
[ AFTER 'datetime' ]
| STOPBEFOREMARK = { 'lsn:lsn_number' }
[ AFTER 'datetime' ]
}
<point_in_time_WITH_options—RESTORE_LOG>::=
| {
STOPAT = { 'datetime' | @datetime_var }
| STOPATMARK = { 'mark_name' | 'lsn:lsn_number' }
[ AFTER 'datetime' ]
| STOPBEFOREMARK = { 'mark_name' | 'lsn:lsn_number' }
[ AFTER 'datetime' ]
}