SQL Server版语法
为了方便说明,数据库使用SQL Server的示例数据库,Northwind和pubs,如果SQL Server中没有的话,可以按下面的方法安装
1,下载SQL2000SampleDb.msi,下载地址是:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=06616212-0356-46A0-8DA2-EEBC53A68034&displaylang=en
2,安装后,到默认目录C:\SQL Server 2000 Sample Databases 有instnwnd.sql ,instpubs.sql两个文件
3,在sql server中运行这两个sql 就可以创建你Northwind和pubs数据库。
下面开始学T-SQL的语法
一.注释
-- 单行注释,从这到本行结束为注释,类似C++,c#中//
/* … */ 多行注释,类似C++,C#中/* … */
二.变量(int, smallint, tinyint, decimal,float,real, money ,smallmoney, text ,image, char, varchar。。。。。。)
语法:
DECLARE
{
{@local_variable data_type}
} [,...n]
例如:
declare @ID int --申明一个名为@ID的变量,类型为int型
三.在SQL Server窗口中打印出变量的值
语法:
PRINT 'any ASCII text' | @local_variable | @@FUNCTION | string_expr
四.变量赋值
例如:
--从数据表中取出第一行数据的ID,赋值给变量@id,然后打印出来
Declare @ID int
Set @ID = (select top(1) categoryID from categories)
Print @ID
在SQL中,我们不能像代码那样直接给变量赋值,例如@id = 1,如果要达到这样的功能,可以这样写:
Declare @ID int
Set @ID = (select 1) -- 类似 @ID=1
Select @id=1 -- 类似 @ID=1
Print @ID
五.变量运算(+,-,*,/,……)
以下必要时候省略变量申明
Set @ID = (select 1+5) --类似 @ID=1+5
Set @ID=(select 1-@ID) --类似 @ID=1-@ID
六.比较操作符
? > (greater than).
? < (less than).
? = (equals).
? <= (less than or equal to).
? >= (greater than or equal to).
? != (not equal to).
? <> (not equal to).
? ! < (not less than).
? !> (not greater than).
没什么说的
七.语句块:Begin … end
将多条语句作为一个块,类似与C++,C#中的{ }
例如:
Begin
Set @ID1 = (select 1)
Set @ID2 = (select 2)
End
八.If, if…else…
语法:
IF Boolean_expression
{sql_statement | statement_block}
[ELSE
{sql_statement | statement_block}]
例如:
If @id is not null
Print ‘@id is not null
if @ID = 1
begin
Set @ID = (select 1 + 1)
end
else
begin
set @ID=(select 1+2)
end
上面的例子用到了比较操作符,语句块,和IF的语法。
九.执行其他存储过程 EXEC
例如
EXEC dbo.[Sales by Year] @Beginning_Date=’1/01/90’, @Ending_Date=’1/01/08’
十.事务
语法:
BEGIN TRAN[SACTION] [transaction_name | @tran_name_variable]
例如
BEGIN TRAN
-- 做某些操作,例如Insert into …
if @@error <> 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRAN
END
else
BEGIN
COMMIT TRAN
END
十一.游标
我们可以在存储过程中用Select语句取出每一行数据进行操作,这就需要用到游标。
语法:
DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR
[LOCAL | GLOBAL]
[FORWARD_ONLY | SCROLL]
[STATIC | KEYSET | DYNAMIC | FAST_FORWARD]
[READ_ONLY | SCROLL_LOCKS | OPTIMISTIC]
[TYPE_WARNING]
FOR select_statement
[FOR UPDATE [OF column_name [,...n]]]
例如:
DECLARE @au_id varchar(11), @au_fname varchar(20) –申明变量
--申明一个游标
DECLARE authors_cursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT au_id, au_fname FROM authors
--打开游标
OPEN authors_cursor
--取出值
FETCH NEXT FROM authors_cursor INTO @au_id, @au_fname
--循环取出游标的值
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
Print @au_id
Print @au_fname
Print ‘ ’
FETCH NEXT FROM authors_cursor
INTO @au_id, @au_fname
END
CLOSE authors_cursor –关闭游标
DEALLOCATE authors_cursor --释放游标
我觉得上面的是存储过程常用的一些东东,如果要更深入的了解,更详细的帮助,请参考SQL Server的帮助文档
例子:
我自己做了一个,没有问题,你可以看一下
use Northwind
go
create proc test
@StartOrderID int,
@EndOrderID int,
@Code varchar(1000) Out
As
Begin
Declare @tmp int
Set @Code=''
Declare #cur_orders cursor for Select OrderID From Orders
where OrderID>=@startOrderID and OrderID<=@EndOrderID
for read only
Open #cur_Orders
fetch next from #cur_orders into @tmp
while @@fetch_Status=0
Begin
Set @Code=@Code+'-'+convert(varchar(8),@tmp)
fetch next from #cur_orders into @tmp
End
close #cur_Orders
Deallocate #cur_Orders
return
End
go
续2
String ret=null;
try{
Class.forName("com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver");
String url
="jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://192.168.0.102:1433;DatabaseName=Northwind";
String user="sa";
String password="";
Connection conn= DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
CallableStatement stmt=conn.prepareCall("exec test ?,?,?");
stmt.setInt(1,10248);
stmt.setInt(2,10284);
stmt.registerOutParameter(3,Types.VARCHAR);
stmt.setString(3,ret);
stmt.execute();
System.out.println(stmt.getString(3));
stmt.close();
stmt=null;
conn.close();
}catch(ClassNotFoundException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
上面的例子没有问题,针对你的情况,我又写了一个,应该可以解决你现在的问题
-- 新建一个表
Create table tmpOrders (
OrderID int,
CustomerID nchar(5)
)
--把Orders 里的OrderID列全部插入,这样Orders与tmpOrders之间就是1:1关系了
insert into tmpOrders
Select distinct orderID,'tmp' from Orders
create proc test
@StartOrderID int,
@EndOrderID int,
@Code varchar(1000) Out
As
Begin
Declare @newOrderID int
Declare @newCustomerID nchar(5)
Declare @DummyInt int
Declare @DummyChar nchar(5)
Set @Code=''
/*
1:1
temp table/formal table is synchronized tmpOrders <---> Orders
fetch from Orders, update tmpOrders
*/
-- for temp table
Declare #cur_tmpOrders Cursor for select OrderID,CustomerID
From tmpOrders
where OrderID>=@startOrderID
and OrderID<=@EndOrderID
for update
--for formal table
Declare #cur_orders cursor for Select OrderID,CustomerID
From Orders
where OrderID>=@startOrderID
and OrderID<=@EndOrderID
for read only
Open #cur_Orders
Open #cur_tmpOrders
fetch next from #cur_tmpOrders into @DummyInt,@dummyChar --Important!!!
fetch next from #cur_orders into @NewOrderID,@NewCustomerID
while @@fetch_Status=0
Begin
--Set @Code=@Code+'-'+convert(varchar(8),@NewOrderID)
--update tempOrders use corresponding Orders' data
Update tmpOrders set customerID=@newCustomerID
where current of #cur_tmpOrders
--pay attention to sequence of cursor fetch action!
fetch next from #cur_tmpOrders into @DummyInt,@dummyChar
if @@fetch_Status<>0 break; -- 没有行了
fetch next from #cur_orders into @newOrderID,@NewCustomerID
End
close #cur_Orders
close #cur_tmpOrders
Deallocate #cur_Orders
Deallocate #cur_tmpOrders
Set @Code='Ok'
return
End
程序如下
try{
Class.forName("com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver");
String url=
"jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://192.168.0.102:1433;DatabaseName=Northwind";
String user="sa";
String password="";
Connection conn= DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
CallableStatement stmt=conn.prepareCall("exec test ?,?,?");
stmt.setInt(1,10248);
stmt.setInt(2,10284);
stmt.registerOutParameter(3,Types.VARCHAR,1000);
stmt.setString(3,ret);
stmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println(stmt.getString(3));
stmt.close();
stmt=null;
conn.close();
conn=null;
}catch(ClassNotFoundException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}