本文是我对ASP.NET页面载入速度提高的一些做法,这些做法分为以下部分:
针对上述做法,我们首先需要一个 HTTP 模块,它是整个页面流程的入口和核心。
一、自定义Response.Filter得到输出流stream生成动态页面的静态内容(磁盘缓存)
如下的代码我们可以看出,我们以 request.RawUrl 为缓存基础,因为它可以包含任意的QueryString变量,然后我们用MD5加密RawUrl 得到服务器本地文件名的变量,再实例化一个FileInfo操作该文件,如果文件最后一次生成时间小于7天,我们就使用.Net2.0新增的TransmitFile方法将存储文件的静态内容发送到浏览器。如果文件不存在,我们就操作 response.Filter 得到的 Stream 传递给 CommonFilter 类,并利用FileStream写入动态页面的内容到静态文件中。
namespace ASPNET_CL.Code.HttpModules {
public class CommonModule : IHttpModule {
public void Init( HttpApplication application ) {
application.BeginRequest += Application_BeginRequest;
}
private void Application_BeginRequest( object sender, EventArgs e ) {
var context = HttpContext.Current;
var request = context.Request;
var url = request.RawUrl;
var response = context.Response;
var path = GetPath( url );
var file = new FileInfo( path );
if ( DateTime.Now.Subtract( file.LastWriteTime ).TotalDays < 7 ) {
response.TransmitFile( path );
response.End();
return;
}
try {
var stream = file.OpenWrite();
response.Filter = new CommonFilter( response.Filter, stream );
}
catch ( Exception ) {
//Log.Insert("");
}
}
public void Dispose() {
}
private static string GetPath( string url ) {
var hash = Hash( url );
string fold = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath( "~/Temp/" );
return string.Concat( fold, hash );
}
private static string Hash( string url ) {
url = url.ToUpperInvariant();
var md5 = new System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
var bs = md5.ComputeHash( Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes( url ) );
var s = new StringBuilder();
foreach ( var b in bs ) {
s.Append( b.ToString( "x2" ).ToLower() );
}
return s.ToString();
}
}
}
二、页面GZIP压缩
对页面GZIP压缩几乎是每篇讲解高性能WEB程序的几大做法之一,因为使用GZIP压缩可以降低服务器发送的字节数,能让客户感觉到网页的速度更快也减少了对带宽的使用情况。当然,这里也存在客户端的浏览器是否支持它。因此,我们要做的是,如果客户端支持GZIP,我们就发送GZIP压缩过的内容,如果不支持,我们直接发送静态文件的内容。幸运的是,现代浏览器IE6.7.8.0,火狐等都支持GZIP。
为了实现这个功能,我们需要改写上面的 Application_BeginRequest 事件:
private void Application_BeginRequest( object sender, EventArgs e ) { var context = HttpContext.Current; var request = context.Request; var url = request.RawUrl; var response = context.Response; var path = GetPath( url ); var file = new FileInfo( path ); // 使用页面压缩 ResponseCompressionType compressionType = this.GetCompressionMode( request ); if ( compressionType != ResponseCompressionType.None ) { response.AppendHeader( "Content-Encoding", compressionType.ToString().ToLower() ); if ( compressionType == ResponseCompressionType.GZip ) { response.Filter = new GZipStream( response.Filter, CompressionMode.Compress ); } else { response.Filter = new DeflateStream( response.Filter, CompressionMode.Compress ); } } if ( DateTime.Now.Subtract( file.LastWriteTime ).TotalMinutes < 5 ) { response.TransmitFile( path ); response.End(); return; } try { var stream = file.OpenWrite(); response.Filter = new CommonFilter( response.Filter, stream ); } catch ( Exception ) { //Log.Insert(""); } } private ResponseCompressionType GetCompressionMode( HttpRequest request ) { string acceptEncoding = request.Headers[ "Accept-Encoding" ]; if ( string.IsNullOrEmpty( acceptEncoding ) ) return ResponseCompressionType.None; acceptEncoding = acceptEncoding.ToUpperInvariant(); if ( acceptEncoding.Contains( "GZIP" ) ) return ResponseCompressionType.GZip; else if ( acceptEncoding.Contains( "DEFLATE" ) ) return ResponseCompressionType.Deflate; else return ResponseCompressionType.None; } private enum ResponseCompressionType { None, GZip, Deflate }
三、OutputCache 编程方式输出页面缓存
ASP.NET内置的 OutputCache 缓存可以将内容缓存在三个地方:Web服务器、代理服务器和浏览器。当用户访问一个被设置为 OutputCache的页面时,ASP.NET在MSIL之后,先将结果写入output cache缓存,然后在发送到浏览器,当用户访问同一路径的页面时,ASP.NET将直接发送被Cache的内容,而不经过.aspx编译以及执行MSIL的过程,所以,虽然程序的本身效率没有提升,但是页面载入速度却得到了提升。
为了实现这个功能,我们继续改写上面的 Application_BeginRequest 事件,我们在 TransmitFile 后,将这个路径的页面以OutputCache编程的方式缓存起来:
private void Application_BeginRequest( object sender, EventArgs e ) { //............. if ( DateTime.Now.Subtract( file.LastWriteTime ).TotalMinutes < 5 ) { response.TransmitFile( path ); // 添加 OutputCache 缓存头,并缓存在客户端 response.Cache.SetExpires( DateTime.Now.AddMinutes( 5 ) ); response.Cache.SetCacheability( HttpCacheability.Public ); response.End(); return; } //............ }
四、实现CommonFilter类过滤ViewState、过滤NamingContainer、空白字符串,以及生成磁盘的缓存文件
我们传入response.Filter的Stream对象给CommonFilter类:
首先,我们用先Stream的Write方法实现生成磁盘的缓存文件,代码如下,在这些代码中,只有初始化构造函数,Write方法,Close方式是有用的,其中FileStream字段是生成静态文件的操作对象:
namespace ASPNET_CL.Code.HttpModules { public class CommonFilter : Stream { private readonly Stream _responseStream; private readonly FileStream _cacheStream; public override bool CanRead { get { return false; } } public override bool CanSeek { get { return false; } } public override bool CanWrite { get { return _responseStream.CanWrite; } } public override long Length { get { throw new NotSupportedException(); } } public override long Position { get { throw new NotSupportedException(); } set { throw new NotSupportedException(); } } public CommonFilter( Stream responseStream, FileStream stream ) { _responseStream = responseStream; _cacheStream = stream; } public override long Seek( long offset, SeekOrigin origin ) { throw new NotSupportedException(); } public override void SetLength( long length ) { throw new NotSupportedException(); } public override int Read( byte[] buffer, int offset, int count ) { throw new NotSupportedException(); } public override void Flush() { _responseStream.Flush(); _cacheStream.Flush(); } public override void Write( byte[] buffer, int offset, int count ) { _cacheStream.Write( buffer, offset, count ); _responseStream.Write( buffer, offset, count ); } public override void Close() { _responseStream.Close(); _cacheStream.Close(); } protected override void Dispose( bool disposing ) { if ( disposing ) { _responseStream.Dispose(); _cacheStream.Dispose(); } } } }
然后我们利用正则完全删除ViewState:
// 过滤ViewState private string ViewStateFilter( string strHTML ) { string matchString1 = "type=/"hidden/" name=/"__VIEWSTATE/" id=/"__VIEWSTATE/""; string matchString2 = "type=/"hidden/" name=/"__EVENTVALIDATION/" id=/"__EVENTVALIDATION/""; string matchString3 = "type=/"hidden/" name=/"__EVENTTARGET/" id=/"__EVENTTARGET/""; string matchString4 = "type=/"hidden/" name=/"__EVENTARGUMENT/" id=/"__EVENTARGUMENT/""; string positiveLookahead1 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape( matchString1 ) + "))"; string positiveLookahead2 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape( matchString2 ) + "))"; string positiveLookahead3 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape( matchString3 ) + "))"; string positiveLookahead4 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape( matchString4 ) + "))"; RegexOptions opt = RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Compiled; Regex[] arrRe = new Regex[] { new Regex("//s*<div>" + positiveLookahead1 + "(.*?)</div>//s*", opt), new Regex("//s*<div>" + positiveLookahead2 + "(.*?)</div>//s*", opt), new Regex("//s*<div>" + positiveLookahead3 + "(.*?)</div>//s*", opt), new Regex("//s*<div>" + positiveLookahead3 + "(.*?)</div>//s*", opt), new Regex("//s*<div>" + positiveLookahead4 + "(.*?)</div>//s*", opt) }; foreach ( Regex re in arrRe ) { strHTML = re.Replace( strHTML, "" ); } return strHTML; }
以下是删除页面空白的方法:// 删除空白 private Regex tabsRe = new Regex( "//t", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline ); private Regex carriageReturnRe = new Regex( ">//r//n<", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline ); private Regex carriageReturnSafeRe = new Regex( "//r//n", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline ); private Regex multipleSpaces = new Regex( " ", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline ); private Regex spaceBetweenTags = new Regex( ">//s<", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline ); private string WhitespaceFilter( string html ) { html = tabsRe.Replace( html, string.Empty ); html = carriageReturnRe.Replace( html, "><" ); html = carriageReturnSafeRe.Replace( html, " " ); while ( multipleSpaces.IsMatch( html ) ) html = multipleSpaces.Replace( html, " " ); html = spaceBetweenTags.Replace( html, "><" ); html = html.Replace( "//<![CDATA[", "" ); html = html.Replace( "//]]>", "" ); return html; }
以下是删除ASP.NET控件的垃圾UniqueID名称方法:// 过滤NamingContainer private string NamingContainerFilter( string html ) { RegexOptions opt = RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Compiled; Regex re = new Regex( "( name=/")(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape( "$" ) + "))([^/"]+?)(/")", opt ); html = re.Replace( html, new MatchEvaluator( delegate( Match m ) { int lastDollarSignIndex = m.Value.LastIndexOf( '$' ); if ( lastDollarSignIndex >= 0 ) { return m.Groups[ 1 ].Value + m.Value.Substring( lastDollarSignIndex + 1 ); } else { return m.Value; } } ) ); return html; }
最后,我们把以上过滤方法整合到CommonFilter类的Write方法:
public override void Write( byte[] buffer, int offset, int count ) {
// 转换buffer为字符串
byte[] data = new byte[ count ];
Buffer.BlockCopy( buffer, offset, data, 0, count );
string html = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString( buffer );
//
// 以下整合过滤方法
//
html = NamingContainerFilter( html );
html = ViewStateFilter( html );
html = WhitespaceFilter( html );
byte[] outdata = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes( html );
// 写入磁盘
_cacheStream.Write( outdata, 0, outdata.GetLength( 0 ) );
_responseStream.Write( outdata, 0, outdata.GetLength( 0 ) );
}
五、缓存破坏
经过以上程序的实现,网页已经被高速缓存在客户端了,如果果用户访问网站被缓存过的页面,则页面会以0请求的速度加载页面。但是,如果后台更新了某些数据,前台用户则不能及时看到最新的数据,因此要改变这种情况,我们必须破坏缓存。根据我们如上的程序,我们破坏缓存只需要做2步:更新服务器上的临时文件,删除OutputCache过的页面。
更新服务器上的文件我们只需删除这个文件即可,当某一用户第一次访问该页面时会自动生成,当然,你也可以用程序先删除后生成:
// 更新文件 foreach ( var file in Directory.GetFiles( HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath + "Temp" ) ) { File.Delete( file ); }
要删除OutputCache关联的缓存项,代码如下,我们只需要保证该方法的参数,指页面的绝对路径是正确的,路径不能使用../这样的相对路径:
// 删除缓存 HttpResponse.RemoveOutputCacheItem( "/Default.aspx" );
到此,我们实现了针对一个页面的性能,重点是载入速度的提高的一些做法,希望对大家有用~!