mongodb sharding

这里先介绍sharding的架构和几个基本概念术语。

shard server :shard server可以使一个mongod实例,也可以是replica set。

config sever:为了将指定collection存储在多个shard中,那么就需要个key来进行分割,config server存储各个节点的配置信息。shard key的范围,以及分布情况。

route process:由此介入客户端,通过询问config server,确定到那个shard上面查询,在连接相应的shard操作,不保存数据和配置信息。

由于资源限制,在一台机子上做一下实验

Shard Server 1:30000

Shard Server 2:30001

Config Server :40000

Route Process:50000

步骤:

启动shard server 1和2

[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ mkdir -p /mongo/shard/data0
[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ mkdir -p /mongo/shard/data1
[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ touch shard.log
[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ mongod --shardsvr --port 30000 --dbpath /mongo/shard/data0 --fork --logpath shard.log --directoryperdb

[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ touch shard1.log
[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ mongod --shardsvr --port 30001 --dbpath /mongo/shard/data1 --fork --logpath shard1.log --directoryperdb

启动config server

[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ mkdir -p /mongo/shard/config
[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ touch config.log
[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ mongod --configsvr --port 40000 --dbpath /mongo/shard/config --fork --logpath config.log --directoryperdb

启动route process

[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ touch route.log
[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ mongos --port 50000 --configdb localhost:40000 --fork --logpath route.log --chunkSize 2

初始化sharding

mongo admin --port 50000
MongoDB shell version: 1.8.4
connecting to: 127.0.0.1:50000/admin
> db.runCommand({addshard:"localhost:30000"})       ----添加shard1
{ "shardAdded" : "shard0000", "ok" : 1 }
> db.runCommand({addshard:"localhost:30001"})        -----添加shard2
{ "shardAdded" : "shard0001", "ok" : 1 }
> db.runCommand({enablesharding:"test"})            ---对数据库test分片
{ "ok" : 1 }

> db.runCommand({shardcollection:"test.tb1",key:{_id:1}})          ---对数据库test中tb1按_id作为key
{ "collectionsharded" : "test.tb1", "ok" : 1 }

验证sharding

> for (var i=1;i<=50000;i++) db.tb1.insert({age:i,name:"hank",addr:"HangZhou"})
> db.tb1.stats()
{
        "sharded" : true,
        "ns" : "test.tb1",
        "count" : 50000,
        "size" : 3600016,
        "avgObjSize" : 72.00032,
        "storageSize" : 13975552,
        "nindexes" : 1,
        "nchunks" : 4,
        "shards" : {
                "shard0000" : {
                        "ns" : "test.tb1",
                        "count" : 17888,
                        "size" : 1287944,
                        "avgObjSize" : 72.00044722719142,
                        "storageSize" : 2793472,
                        "numExtents" : 5,
                        "nindexes" : 1,
                        "lastExtentSize" : 2097152,
                        "paddingFactor" : 1,
                        "flags" : 1,
                        "totalIndexSize" : 753664,
                        "indexSizes" : {
                                "_id_" : 753664
                        },
                        "ok" : 1
                },
                "shard0001" : {
                        "ns" : "test.tb1",
                        "count" : 32112,
                        "size" : 2312072,
                        "avgObjSize" : 72.00024912805182,
                        "storageSize" : 11182080,
                        "numExtents" : 6,
                        "nindexes" : 1,
                        "lastExtentSize" : 8388608,
                        "paddingFactor" : 1,
                        "flags" : 1,
                        "totalIndexSize" : 1343488,
                        "indexSizes" : {
                                "_id_" : 1343488
                        },
                        "ok" : 1
                }
        },
        "ok" : 1
}

查看sharding信息:

> db.runCommand({listshards:1})
{
        "shards" : [
                {
                        "_id" : "shard0000",
                        "host" : "localhost:30000"
                },
                {
                        "_id" : "shard0001",
                        "host" : "localhost:30001"
                }
        ],
        "ok" : 1
}

新增shard server:

[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ mkdir -p /mongo/shard/data2

[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ touch shard2.log

[mongo@172_16_3_216 mongo]$ mongod --shardsvr --port 30002 --dbpath /mongo/shard/data2 --fork --logpath shard2.log --directoryperdb

> db.runCommand({ addshard:"localhost:30002" })
{ "shardAdded" : "shard0002", "ok" : 1 }
> db.runCommand({listshards:1})
{
        "shards" : [
                {
                        "_id" : "shard0000",
                        "host" : "localhost:30000"
                },
                {
                        "_id" : "shard0001",
                        "host" : "localhost:30001"
                },
                {
                        "_id" : "shard0002",
                        "host" : "localhost:30002"
                }
        ],
        "ok" : 1
}

如果分片的表继续有插入数据,那么数据就会分配到新加的片上,而且会根据sharding key进行数据的迁移,和重新分布。

所以建议在添加删除节点的时候,建议避开高峰期,在业务最低谷的时候操作。

删除shard server:

> use admin 
switched to db admin
>  db.runCommand({"removeshard" : "localhost:30002"});
{
        "msg" : "draining started successfully",
        "state" : "started",
        "shard" : "shard0002",
        "ok" : 1
}

很简单,remove就可以了,原来的数据会按照key分配到剩下的shard server上。

最后> db.printShardingStatus()可以查看sharding的信息。注意:操作都是在route process上面,不要登录到shard server操作。

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