写得很好的一篇博文,适合对于命令行参数不甚了解的linux初学者。
在原文上摘取一些自己需要的片段,后半段关于非GNU的部分没有细看,以目前的水平也看得云里雾里的。待以后再细细拜读。
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/yui/article/details/5669922
可以使用getopt()或者getopt_long()来获得输入的参数。
两者的一个区别在于getopt()只支持短格式参数,而getopt_long()既支持短格式参数,又支持长格式参数。
短格式:./destroy -f cdr -o cdr.txt -c cdr.desc -k 123456
长格式:./destroy --file cdr --output cdr.txt --config cdr.desc --keyword 123456
附件destroy_linux.c给出了在Linux下使用getopt_long()的实例。
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <getopt.h> void print_usage(const char *program_name) { printf("%s 1.0.0 (2010-06-13)/n", program_name); printf("This is a program decoding a BER encoded CDR file/n"); printf("Usage: %s -f <file_name> -o <output_name> [-c <config_name>] [-k <keyword>]/n", program_name); printf(" -f --file the CDR file to be decoded/n"); printf(" -o --output the output file in plain text format/n"); printf(" -c --config the description file of the CDR file, if not given, use default configuration/n"); printf(" -k --keyword the keyword to search, if not given, all records will be written into output file/n"); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char *file_name = NULL; char *output_name = NULL; char *config_name = NULL; char *keyword = NULL; const char *short_opts = "hf:o:c:k:"; const struct option long_opts[] = { {"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'}, {"file", required_argument, NULL, 'f'}, {"output", required_argument, NULL, 'o'}, {"config", required_argument, NULL, 'c'}, {"keyword", required_argument, NULL, 'k'}, {0, 0, 0, 0} }; int hflag = 0; int c; opterr = 0; while ( (c = getopt_long(argc, argv, short_opts, long_opts, NULL)) != -1 ) { switch ( c ) { case 'h' : hflag = 1; break; case 'f' : file_name = optarg; break; case 'o' : output_name = optarg; break; case 'c' : config_name = optarg; break; case 'k' : keyword = optarg; break; case '?' : if ( optopt == 'f' || optopt == 'o' || optopt == 'c' || optopt == 'k' ) printf("Error: option -%c requires an argument/n", optopt); else if ( isprint(optopt) ) printf("Error: unknown option '-%c'/n", optopt); else printf("Error: unknown option character '//x%x'/n", optopt); return 1; default : abort(); } } if ( hflag || argc == 1 ) { print_usage(argv[0]); return 0; } if ( !file_name ) { printf("Error: file name must be specified/n"); return 1; } if ( !output_name ) { printf("Error: output name must be specified/n"); return 1; } // if not setting default, Linux OK, but SunOS core dump if ( !config_name ) config_name = "(null)"; if ( !keyword ) keyword = "(null)"; printf("Parameters got: file_name = %s, output_name = %s, config_name = %s, keyword = %s/n", file_name, output_name, config_name, keyword); return 0; }另外一个区别是,getopt()几乎通用于所有类Unix系统,而getopt_long()只有在GNU的Unix/Linux下才能用。