Ubuntu12.10 下搭建基于KVM-QEMU的虚拟机环境（六）

      正如本系列第一篇文章架构图所示Ubuntu12.10 下搭建基于KVM-QEMU的虚拟机环境（一），除了在内核空间的KVM模块之外，在用户空间需要QEMU来模拟所需要CPU和设备模型以及用于启动客户机进程，这样才有了一个完整的KVM运行环境。而qemu-kvm是为了针对KVM专门做了修改和优化的QEMU分支，具体关于KVM，QEMU-KVM的介绍还是请参阅相关的官方网站:http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page和http://wiki.qemu.org/KVM。

KVM内核模块我们打算就用系统自带的kvm.ko，我们主要编译可能需要维护的用户空间部分——启用kvm的qemu。同样，我们首先从https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/qemu/1.4.0+dfsg-1expubuntu4 获得源码包：qemu_1.4.0+dfsg.orig.tar.xz，qemu_1.4.0+dfsg-1expubuntu4.debian.tar.gz，qemu_1.4.0+dfsg-1expubuntu4.dsc

下载以后将上述三个文件上传至编译目录: ~/workroom/qemu-kvm/。

解开源码 

dev@xxx:~/workroom/ qemu-kvm $ sudo dpkg-source –xqemu_1.4.0+dfsg-1expubuntu4.dsc

 Qemu的编译我们需要修改一下缺省的配置参数，打开下面目录下的rules文件，修改部分用红色表示出来，主要目的是加上支持spice，usbredir等功能以及去掉对其他平台的编译（只保留X86_64）： 

dev@xxx:~/workroom/ qemu-kvm/qemu-1.4.0+dfsg/debian $ sudo vi  rules #!/usr/bin/make -f # # $Id: rules 391 2009-03-07 05:21:19Z aurel32 $ #   # support parallel build using DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS=parallel=N ifneq (,$(filter parallel=%,$(DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS)))   MAKEFLAGS += -j$(patsubst  parallel=%,%,$(filter parallel=%,$(DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS))) endif   # Packaging version DEB_VERSION := $(shell dpkg-parsechangelog | egrep '^Version:' |  cut -f 2 -d ' ')   # Compiler flags CFLAGS = $(shell dpkg-buildflags --get CFLAGS) $(shell  dpkg-buildflags --get CPPFLAGS) LDFLAGS = $(shell dpkg-buildflags --get LDFLAGS) -Wl,--as-needed   # Architecture/system specific configuration DEB_HOST_ARCH = $(shell dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_ARCH) DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS = $(shell dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_ARCH_OS)   # we add another set of configure options from debian/control common_configure_opts = \          --with-pkgversion="Debian  $(DEB_VERSION)" \          --extra-cflags="$(CFLAGS)"  \          --extra-ldflags="$(LDFLAGS)"  \          --prefix=/usr \          --sysconfdir=/etc \          --libexecdir=/usr/lib  \          --disable-blobs \          --disable-strip \          --with-system-pixman  \         --enable-linux-aio  \         --enable-kvm  \         --enable-spice  \         --enable-uuid  \         --enable-usb-redir  \         --enable-vhost-net  \       --disable-guest-agent \        --target-list=x86_64-softmmu \          --interp-prefix=/etc/qemu-binfmt/%M  \          --localstatedir=/var  \          --audio-card-list=ac97,es1370,sb16,cs4231a,adlib,gus,hda  \          --enable-uname-release=2.6.32  \   # list of system (softmmu) targets, from ./configure system_targets = x86_64 #system_targets = \  #i386  x86_64 alpha arm cris lm32 m68k microblaze microblazeel \  #mips  mipsel mips64 mips64el or32 ppc ppcemb ppc64 sh4 sh4eb \  #sparc  sparc64 s390x xtensa xtensaeb unicore32   # qemu-system subpackages sys_systems = x86 systems = ${sys_systems} sysarch_x86   = $(filter i386 x86_64,${system_targets}) #sys_systems = arm mips ppc sparc x86 #systems = ${sys_systems} misc #sysarch_arm   = $(filter arm,${system_targets}) #sysarch_mips  = $(filter mips mipsel mips64 mips64el,${system_targets}) #sysarch_ppc   = $(filter ppc ppc64 ppcemb,${system_targets}) #sysarch_sparc = $(filter sparc  sparc64,${system_targets}) #sysarch_x86   = $(filter i386 x86_64,${system_targets}) #sysarch_misc  = $(filter-out $(foreach  s,${sys_systems},${sysarch_$s}),${system_targets})   ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS),linux)   # list of linux-user targets, from  ./configure #user_targets = \ # i386 x86_64 alpha arm armeb cris m68k  microblaze microblazeel \  #mips  mipsel or32 ppc ppc64 ppc64abi32 sh4 sh4eb sparc sparc64 sparc32plus \ # unicore32 s390x   # binfmt linux-user support   all_binfmt_targets = \  $(patsubst  debian/binfmts/qemu-%,%,$(wildcard debian/binfmts/qemu-*))   # find which targets needs to be filtered out, which is  arch-dependent. # Drop support for emulating amd64 on i386,  http://bugs.debian.org/604712 filter_binfmts = $(shell \  case $(DEB_HOST_ARCH) in \    (amd64 | i386) echo i386  x86_64 ;;\   #(arm  | armel | armhf) echo arm ;;\   #(mips  | mipsel) echo $(DEB_HOST_ARCH) ;;\  #  (powerpc) echo ppc ;;\   #(ppc64)  echo ppc ppc64 ppc64abi32 ;;\   #(s390x)  echo s390x ;;\    #(sparc | sparc64) echo sparc sparc32plus  sparc64 ;;\  esac)   binfmt_targets = $(filter-out $(filter_binfmts),  $(all_binfmt_targets))   enable_linux_user =  --enable-linux-user   else   enable_linux_user =   endif         # linux   configure-stamp: configure          dh_testdir            # system build          mkdir -p qemu-build  && cd qemu-build && \             ../configure ${common_configure_opts} \                    --enable-system  --disable-user ${enable_linux_user} \                    $(shell sh  debian/extract-config-opts \                        $(DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS)-$(DEB_HOST_ARCH)  debian/control) \                    $(QEMU_CONFIGURE_OPTIONS)   ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS),kfreebsd) # Hack alert.  qemu-1.3  still needs this. # On recent kFreebsd, old USB host API has been removed, # but qemu did not learn to use new USB API. # Just do not build USB host support.          sed -i  's/^HOST_USB=bsd/HOST_USB=stub/' \                    $(CURDIR)/qemu-build/config-host.mak endif   ifeq  ($(DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS),linux) # do not use  debian/configure-opts here, all optional stuff will be enabled # automatically,  dependencies are already verified in the main build         mkdir -p user-static-build && cd user-static-build  && \                   ../configure ${common_configure_opts} \                            --static --disable-system \                            --target-list="$(addsuffix  -linux-user,${user_targets})" endif          touch $@   build: build-arch build-indep build-arch: build-stamp build-indep: build-stamp build-stamp: configure-stamp          dh_testdir            # system build          $(MAKE) -C  $(CURDIR)/qemu-build          dtc -o  qemu-build/pc-bios/bamboo.dtb pc-bios/bamboo.dts   # special case for spapr-rtas.bin file. # this is an entry point for PPC architecture, which consists of  just 5 # processor instructions.   We use a pre-compiled pseudo-assembler version # in debian/spapr-rtas.hex which can be "compiled" using  sed magic. # After "compiling" it this way, we compare with the  upstream version, # it should be the same. # Use /usr/bin/printf since dash's printf does not understand  \xNN.          /usr/bin/printf  "$$(sed -n 's|^ .*:    \(.*\)         .*|\1|p' debian/spapr-rtas.hex | \                    tr -d '  \n' | sed 's|\([0-9a-f]\{2\}\)|\\x\1|g')" > \                    qemu-build/pc-bios/spapr-rtas.bin ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_ARCH),powerpc)          $(MAKE) -C  qemu-build/pc-bios/spapr-rtas spapr-rtas.bin          cmp  qemu-build/pc-bios/spapr-rtas.bin \               qemu-build/pc-bios/spapr-rtas/spapr-rtas.bin endif   ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS),linux)         # user-static build         # we use this invocation to build just the binaries         $(MAKE) -C $(CURDIR)/user-static-build $(foreach  t,${user_targets},subdir-${t}-linux-user) endif          touch $@   clean:          dh_testdir          rm -rf  $(CURDIR)/*-build/          rm -f  $(CURDIR)/*-stamp          find  $(CURDIR)/scripts/ -name '*.pyc' -delete || :          dh_clean   define inst-system          for x in postinst  prerm; do \            sed 's/@ARCH@/${sysarch_$1}/'  debian/qemu-system.$$x-in > debian/qemu-system-$1.$$x.debhelper; \          done          mkdir -p debian/qemu-system-$1/usr/share/man/man1  debian/qemu-system-$1/usr/bin          for t in  ${sysarch_$1}; do \              mv debian/tmp/usr/bin/qemu-system-$$t  debian/qemu-system-$1/usr/bin/; \              echo ".so man1/qemu.1" >  debian/qemu-system-$1/usr/share/man/man1/qemu-system-$$t.1; \          done          echo  sysarch:$1=${sysarch_$1} > debian/qemu-system-$1.substvars          echo  sysprovides:$1=${addprefix qemu-system-,${filter-out $1,${sysarch_$1}}} | \            sed -e 's/ /, /g' -e 'y/_/-/' >>  debian/qemu-system-$1.substvars   endef   install: build-stamp          dh_testdir          dh_testroot          dh_prep          dh_installdirs -a            # system build          $(MAKE) -C  $(CURDIR)/qemu-build DESTDIR=$(CURDIR)/debian/tmp install            # qemu-system  subpackages          $(foreach  s,${systems},$(call inst-system,$s))   ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS),linux)   # /usr/bin/kvm compat script.   This needs some more work for other arches # How about a manpage for it? ifneq ($(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH),amd64 i386),)          dh_install  -pqemu-system-x86 debian/kvm /usr/bin/          mkdir -p  debian/qemu-kvm/usr/bin          ln -s kvm debian/qemu-kvm/usr/bin/kvm-spice          ln -s  qemu-system-x86_64 debian/qemu-kvm/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64-spice          dh_installmodules  -pqemu-system-x86 endif   # virtfs-proxy-helper is linux-specific          for f in  usr/bin/virtfs-proxy-helper \                   usr/share/man/man1/virtfs-proxy-helper.1  ; do \            mkdir -p debian/qemu-system-common/$${f%/*}  ; \            mv debian/tmp/$$f  debian/qemu-system-common/$$f ; \          done            # qemu-user          mkdir -p  debian/qemu-user/usr/bin debian/qemu-user/usr/share/man/man1          for t in  ${user_targets}; do \              mv debian/tmp/usr/bin/qemu-$$t \                    debian/qemu-user/usr/bin  ; \              ln -s qemu-user.1 \                    debian/qemu-user/usr/share/man/man1/qemu-$$t.1  ; \          done           # qemu-user-static          mkdir -p  debian/qemu-user-static/usr/bin debian/qemu-user-static/usr/share/man/man1          for t in  ${user_targets}; do \             cp -p  user-static-build/$$t-linux-user/qemu-$$t \                   debian/qemu-user-static/usr/bin/qemu-$$t-static  ; \              ln -s qemu-user-static.1 \                        debian/qemu-user-static/usr/share/man/man1/qemu-$$t-static.1 ; \                done            # binfmt support          for x in postinst  prerm; do \              sed  's/@BINFMT_TARGETS@/${all_binfmt_targets}/' \                    debian/qemu-user-static.$$x-in  > debian/qemu-user-static.$$x.debhelper ; \          done           mkdir -p  debian/qemu-user-static/usr/share/binfmts         install -m 644 -t  debian/qemu-user-static/usr/share/binfmts/ \                   $(addprefix  debian/binfmts/qemu-,${binfmt_targets}) endif   # qemu-ifup is arch-specific          install -D  debian/qemu-ifup.$(DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS) \                    debian/qemu-system-common/etc/qemu-ifup            dh_install  --list-missing          dh_installdocs          dh_installchangelogs  Changelog          dh_installudev ifneq ($(filter $(DEB_HOST_ARCH),amd64 i386),)          dh_installinit  -pqemu-system-x86 --no-restart-on-upgrade --error-handler=true  --name=qemu-kvm endif          dh_installinit -pqemu-guest-agent          dh_link          dh_strip          dh_compress          dh_fixperms          dh_installdeb          dh_shlibdeps          dh_gencontrol          dh_md5sums          dh_builddeb   binary-indep: install binary-arch: install binary: install   .PHONY: build clean binary-indep binary-arch binary install

 

Qemu编译也需要先安装一堆依赖的第三方库： 

dev@xxx:~/workroom/qemu-kvm$ sudo apt-get  install device-tree-compiler texi2html texinfo libaio-dev libattr1-dev  libbluetooth-dev libbrlapi-dev libcap-dev libcap-ng-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev  libfdt-dev libgnutls-dev libncurses5-dev libpulse-dev libsdl1.2-dev  libseccomp-dev libxen-dev uuid-dev xfslibs-dev librados-dev librbd-dev

 

然后安装spice和usbredir，因为我们在qemu的编译选项里加上了对这两个模块的支持：  

dev@xxx:~/workroom/ spice $ sudo dpkg –i  libspice-server1_0.12.3-0nocelt1_amd64.deb  libspice-server-dev_0.12.3-0n0celt1_amd64.deb dev@xxx:~/workroom/ usbredir$ sudo dpkg –i Libusbredirhost1_0.6-2_amd64.deb,  libusbredirhost-dev_0.6-2_amd64.deb, libusbredirparser1_0.6-2_amd64.deb,  libusbredirparser-dev_0.6-2_amd64.deb, usbredirserver_0.6-2_amd64.deb

 

依赖包安装完成后开始编译： 

dev@xxx:~/workroom/ qemu-kvm/qemu-1.4.0+dfsg $ sudo debuild

这次编译没那么顺利，报下面的错误：

Unmet build dependencies:libseccomp-dev (>>1.0.0)

明明在安装第三方库中已经包含了libseccomp-dev，为什么还报这个错呢，查一下： 

dev@xxx:~/workroom/ qemu-kvm/qemu-1.4.0+dfsg $ sudo dpkg –l | grep  libseccomp-dev 结果输出： libseccomp-dev:amd64              0.1.0-1ubuntu1

原来是从ubuntu软件仓库安装的libseccomp-dev版本没有达到qemu-1.4.0的要求，这种情况是常有的。解决的办法是下载 libseccomp-dev符合版本要求的源码和编译安装，这也是为什么有时候我们需要自己编译源码来做维护的原因。

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libseccomp/1.0.1-2上下载合适的源码，关于libseccomp没有其他依赖，因此不再展开。

继续回来编译qemu-kvm 

dev@xxx:~/workroom/ qemu-kvm/qemu-1.4.0+dfsg $ sudo debuild

如无意外，编译完成，照理编译完的qemu安装包在上一层目录下： 

先装上这些deb，下面的libvirt编译中需要它们。 

dev@xxx:~/workroom/ qemu-kvm $ sudo dpkg –i *.deb

安装时发现还需要安装vgabios, seabios和ipxe-qemu，在此不展开了。