Java NIO模式的Socket通信,是一种同步非阻塞IO设计模式,它为Reactor模式实现提供了基础。
下面看看,Java实现的一个服务端和客户端通信的例子。
NIO模式的基本原理描述如下:
服务端打开一个通道(ServerSocketChannel),并向通道中注册一个选择器(Selector),这个选择器是与一些感兴趣的操作的标识(SelectionKey,即通过这个标识可以定位到具体的操作,从而进行响应的处理)相关联的,然后基于选择器(Selector)轮询通道(ServerSocketChannel)上注册的事件,并进行相应的处理。
客户端在请求与服务端通信时,也可以向服务器端一样注册(比服务端少了一个SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT操作集合),并通过轮询来处理指定的事件,而不必阻塞。
下面的例子,主要以服务端为例,而客户端只是简单地发送请求数据和读响应数据。
服务端实现,代码如下所示:
package org.shirdrn.java.communications.nio; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey; import java.nio.channels.Selector; import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Set; import java.util.logging.Logger; /** * NIO服务端 * * @author shirdrn */ public class NioTcpServer extends Thread { private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(NioTcpServer.class.getName()); private InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress; private Handler handler = new ServerHandler(); public NioTcpServer(String hostname, int port) { inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(hostname, port); } @Override public void run() { try { Selector selector = Selector.open(); // 打开选择器 ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open(); // 打开通道 serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false); // 非阻塞 serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(inetSocketAddress); serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT); // 向通道注册选择器和对应事件标识 log.info("Server: socket server started."); while(true) { // 轮询 int nKeys = selector.select(); if(nKeys>0) { Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys(); Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selectedKeys.iterator(); while(it.hasNext()) { SelectionKey key = it.next(); if(key.isAcceptable()) { log.info("Server: SelectionKey is acceptable."); handler.handleAccept(key); } else if(key.isReadable()) { log.info("Server: SelectionKey is readable."); handler.handleRead(key); } else if(key.isWritable()) { log.info("Server: SelectionKey is writable."); handler.handleWrite(key); } it.remove(); } } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 简单处理器接口 * * @author shirdrn */ interface Handler { /** * 处理{@link SelectionKey#OP_ACCEPT}事件 * @param key * @throws IOException */ void handleAccept(SelectionKey key) throws IOException; /** * 处理{@link SelectionKey#OP_READ}事件 * @param key * @throws IOException */ void handleRead(SelectionKey key) throws IOException; /** * 处理{@link SelectionKey#OP_WRITE}事件 * @param key * @throws IOException */ void handleWrite(SelectionKey key) throws IOException; } /** * 服务端事件处理实现类 * * @author shirdrn */ class ServerHandler implements Handler { @Override public void handleAccept(SelectionKey key) throws IOException { ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = (ServerSocketChannel)key.channel(); SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept(); log.info("Server: accept client socket " + socketChannel); socketChannel.configureBlocking(false); socketChannel.register(key.selector(), SelectionKey.OP_READ); } @Override public void handleRead(SelectionKey key) throws IOException { ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(512); SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel)key.channel(); while(true) { int readBytes = socketChannel.read(byteBuffer); if(readBytes>0) { log.info("Server: readBytes = " + readBytes); log.info("Server: data = " + new String(byteBuffer.array(), 0, readBytes)); byteBuffer.flip(); socketChannel.write(byteBuffer); break; } } socketChannel.close(); } @Override public void handleWrite(SelectionKey key) throws IOException { ByteBuffer byteBuffer = (ByteBuffer) key.attachment(); byteBuffer.flip(); SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel)key.channel(); socketChannel.write(byteBuffer); if(byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) { key.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ); } byteBuffer.compact(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { NioTcpServer server = new NioTcpServer("localhost", 1000); server.start(); } }
客户端实现,代码如下所示:
package org.shirdrn.java.communications.nio;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
/**
* NIO客户端
*
* @author shirdrn
*/
public class NioTcpClient {
private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(NioTcpClient.class.getName());
private InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress;
public NioTcpClient(String hostname, int port) {
inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(hostname, port);
}
/**
* 发送请求数据
* @param requestData
*/
public void send(String requestData) {
try {
SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open(inetSocketAddress);
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(512);
socketChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(requestData.getBytes()));
while (true) {
byteBuffer.clear();
int readBytes = socketChannel.read(byteBuffer);
if (readBytes > 0) {
byteBuffer.flip();
log.info("Client: readBytes = " + readBytes);
log.info("Client: data = " + new String(byteBuffer.array(), 0, readBytes));
socketChannel.close();
break;
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String hostname = "localhost";
String requestData = "Actions speak louder than words!";
int port = 1000;
new NioTcpClient(hostname, port).send(requestData);
}
}
上述实现,NioTcpServer服务线程启动后,监听指定端口,等待客户端请求的到来,然后NioTcpClient客户端进程启动并发送请求数据,服务端接收到请求数据后,响应客户端(将请求的数据作为响应数据写回到客户端通道SocketChannel,并等待客户端处理)。
实际上,客户端和服务端可以采用同样轮询的非阻塞模式来实现,为简单实现在这个例子中我们把客户端角色简化了,而实际上它可能在另一个系统通信中充当服务端角色。
另外,上面对于不同事件是采用非线程的方式来处理,只是简单地调用处理的方法。在实际中,如果存在大量连接、读写请求,可以考虑使用线程池来更大程度地并发处理,提高服务端处理的速度和吞吐量,提升系统性能。