Mini-XML 程序员开发手册, Version 2.5
序言
构建,安装,以及打包Mini-XML
Mini-XML 入门
更多的 Mini-XML 编程技术
使用 mxmldoc 工具
Mini-XML 许可信息
发行说明 库参考手册
XML方案 (用于自动化文档生成工具 mxmldoc)
这份程序员参考手册描述了 Mini-XML 2.5版本, 一个小型的 XML 解析库,使用它可以使你的C或者C++应用程序方便的进行XML数据文件的读写
Mini-XML 最初是为了 Gutenprint 项目而开发,目的是为了替换既大又笨重的 libxml2 库, 想要实现一个小型且易于使用的一些东西. 它开始于2003年6月的一个早晨,当时罗伯特发表了下面几句话到开发者列表:
"这真是糟糕,我们需要libxml2,但反复看来,我们的XML解析器仅需要我们可以操作的一小部分。"
我做了以下回复:
"考虑到你使用XML仅在一个有限的范围中,那么只使用几百行代码来编写一个微型XML (mini-XML) API,应该是很简单的。"
我接受了这个挑战,用了两天的时间进行疯狂的编码,并且公开发布了第一个mini-XML版本,总共是696行代码。然后,罗伯特迅速把mini-XML整合到 Gutenprint 中,并且移除了libxml2库
感谢很多不同的开发者给我的回馈和支持, 从那以后,Mini-XML逐渐发展为一个提供更多完整的XML实现,当前已经高达3441行代码,但已经可以和103893行代码的libxml2 2.6.9版本相比较了。
除了Gutenprint ,mini-XML当前已经应用于以下的项目/应用软件:
如果您希望将您的项目添加到此列表或者从此列表中删除,或者如果您有任何意见和想法,或者想要发布关于使用mini-XML的经验,请给我发电子邮件( [email protected] )
本手册由以下章节和附录组成:
在这篇手册中使用了一些字体和风格的约定.下面是一些例子含义和使用说明:
lpstat
lpstat(1)
下面是在本手册中使用的缩略词:
The Mini-XML library is copyright 2003-2008 by Michael Sweet.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details.
这一章描述了如何在你的系统上使用源码包构建,安装以及打包Mini-XML,你将需要一个ANSI/ISO-C兼容的C编译器来构建Mini-XML,GCC可以工作,这也是大多数厂家的C编译器。如果你需要在Windows平台上构建, 我们建议使用Virtual C++环境和解决方案文件.对于其他的操作系统,你在C编译器之外需要一个POSIX兼容的shell和make程序. .
Mini-XML 同时具备基于 autoconf的配置脚本和Virtual C++的解决方案,可以用来编译库和关联的其他工具.
打开在目录 vcnet 下的 mxml.sln 解决方案. 选择需要构建的配置,"Debug" (缺省选项) 或者 "Release", 并且 从 Build 菜单中选择 Build Solution项.
在你的系统上键入下面的命令来配置Mini-XML源代码:
./configure ENTER
缺省的安装前缀是 /usr/local, 这可以被覆盖使用 --prefix 选项:
./configure --prefix=/foo ENTER
其他配置选项可以使用命令--help 选项进行查看:
./configure --help ENTER
当你配置完毕,使用make(1)程序来构建并且运行测试程序来校验是否工作正常,如下:
make ENTER
如果你使用 Visual C++, 分别拷贝 mxml.lib 和 mxml.h 文件到 Visual C++ lib 和 include 目录.
否则,使用make 命令和install参数来安装Mini-XML到配置的目录中:
make install ENTER
Mini-XML 包含两个文件可以被用来创建二进制发行包.第一个文件是 mxml.spec 可以被使用通过 rpmbuild(8) 软件来创建Red Hat 包管理器("RPM")的发行包,通常用于Linux平台. rpmbuild 可以自己进行软件编译, 你可以为它提供一个Mini-XML 的tar文件来编译整个包,使用以下命令:
rpmbuild -ta mxml-version.tar.gz ENTER
第二个文件是 mxml.list被用于 epm(1) 程序创建不同格式的软件包. epm 程序可以从以下网址获得:
http://www.easysw.com/epm/
使用make 命令通过 epm 目标 来构建一个针对你的系统的便携的本地包:
make epm ENTER
为了你方便,这些包保存在子目录 dist 中.便携包利用脚本和tar文件安装软件到目标系统中.在展开包文件后,使用 mxml.install脚本来安装这个软件.
这些本地包可以是本地操作系统的原生格式:红帽Linux 的RPM , Debian Linux的DPKG, Solaris的PKG, 等等.使用相应的命令来安装这些原生包.
这一章描述了如何写一个程序使用Mini-XML来访问XML文件中的数据.Mini-XML提供了以下功能:
Mini-XML 不进行基于"XML方案(SCHEMA)"文件或者其他内容源定义信息的校验和其他类型的处理 ,也不支持其他组织所要求的XML规范.
Mini-XML 提供的一个你需要包含的头文件:
#include <mxml.h>
把Mini-XML库连接到你的应用程序使用 -lmxml 选项:
gcc -o myprogram myprogram.c -lmxml ENTER
如果你已经安装pkg-config(1) 软件, 你可以使用它来为你的安装确定适当的编译和连接选项:
pkg-config --cflags mxml ENTER pkg-config --libs mxml ENTER
每一块XML文件中的信息片断(元素、文本、数字)是一个存储在内存中的"节点(nodes)" .节点使用 mxml_node_t 结构进行定义. 它的type 成员变量定义了节点类型(element, integer, opaque, real, or text) 决定了需要从联合(union)类型的成员变量 value 中获取的值.
值 | 类型 | 节点成员 |
---|---|---|
用户定义 | void * | node->value.custom.data |
XML元素 | char * | node->value.element.name |
整数 | int | node->value.integer |
不透明字符串 | char * | node->value.opaque |
浮点数 | double | node->value.real |
文本 | char * | node->value.text.string |
每一个节点总是有一个成员变量:user_data 可以允许你为每一个节点关联你需要的应用数据.
新的节点可以使用以下函数进行创建 mxmlNewElement, mxmlNewInteger , mxmlNewOpaque, mxmlNewReal, mxmlNewText mxmlNewTextf mxmlNewXML . 只有 elements 可以拥有子节点,顶级节点必须是一个 element , 通常是<?xml version="1.0"?> 使用mxmlNewXML()函数创建的节点.
每个节点都有一些关联节点的指针,上(parent), 下( child), 左(prev), and 右(next) 相对应于当前节点. 如果你有一个XML文件如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <data> <node>val1</node> <node>val2</node> <node>val3</node> <group> <node>val4</node> <node>val5</node> <node>val6</node> </group> <node>val7</node> <node>val8</node> </data>
那么在内存中的文件节点树看上去如下所示:
?xml | data | node - node - node - group - node - node | | | | | | val1 val2 val3 | val7 val8 | node - node - node | | | val4 val5 val6
这里"-"指向下一个节点,"|"指向第一个子节点。
当你使用完毕这些XML数据后,使用函数 mxmlDelete 来释放指定节点或者整个XML树节点和它下面所有子节点的内存:
mxmlDelete(tree);
你可以在内存中创建和更新XML文档,使用 mxmlNew 一系列函数. 下面的代码将创建上一章描述的XML文档:
mxml_node_t *xml; /* <?xml ... ?> */ mxml_node_t *data; /* <data> */ mxml_node_t *node; /* <node> */ mxml_node_t *group; /* <group> */ xml = mxmlNewXML("1.0"); data = mxmlNewElement(xml, "data"); node = mxmlNewElement(data, "node"); mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val1"); node = mxmlNewElement(data, "node"); mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val2"); node = mxmlNewElement(data, "node"); mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val3"); group = mxmlNewElement(data, "group"); node = mxmlNewElement(group, "node"); mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val4"); node = mxmlNewElement(group, "node"); mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val5"); node = mxmlNewElement(group, "node"); mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val6"); node = mxmlNewElement(data, "node"); mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val7"); node = mxmlNewElement(data, "node"); mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val8");
我们首先使用mxmlNewXML函数来创建所有XML文件都需要的标头 <?xml version="1.0"?> :
xml = mxmlNewXML("1.0");
然后我们使用mxmlNewElement函数来创建本文件使用的<data>节点.第一个参数指定了父节点(xml) ,第二个参数是元素名 (data):
data = mxmlNewElement(xml, "data");
每个在本文件中<node>...</node>之间的部分使用函数 mxmlNewElement 和 mxmlNewText来创建. mxmlNewText 的第一个参数指定了父节点 (node).第二个参数指定了是否在文本之前添加空白字符,在本例中使用0或者false.最后一个参数指定了需要添加的实际文本:
node = mxmlNewElement(data, "node"); mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val1");
在内存中的XML结果可以被保存或者进行其他处理,就像一个从磁盘或者字符串中读取的文档一样.
你可以加载一个XML文件使用函数 mxmlLoadFile :
FILE *fp; mxml_node_t *tree; fp = fopen("filename.xml", "r"); tree = mxmlLoadFile(NULL, fp, MXML_TEXT_CALLBACK); fclose(fp);
第一个参数如果有的话则指定了一个存在的XML父节点.一般你将这个参数等于NULL,除非你想要连接多个XML源. 如果此参数等于NULL,那么指定的XML文件必须是一个完整的XML文档,文档头部要包含?xml元素.
第二个参数指定了一个标准的文件流,使用 fopen() 或者 popen()进行打开. 你也可以使用stdin,如果你想要实现一个XML过滤器程序.
第三个参数指定了一个回调函数用于一个新的XML元素节点直接返回的子节点的值类型: MXML_CUSTOM, MXML_IGNORE, MXML_INTEGER, MXML_OPAQUE, MXML_REAL, or MXML_TEXT. 加载回调函数的细节在第三章做了详细描述. 示例代码使用 MXML_TEXT_CALLBACK 常量指定文档中所有的数据节点都包含使用以空格字符分割的文本的值. 其他标准的回调还有 MXML_IGNORE_CALLBACK, MXML_INTEGER_CALLBACK, MXML_OPAQUE_CALLBACK, 和MXML_REAL_CALLBACK.
函数mxmlLoadString 可以从一个字符串中载入XML节点树:
char buffer[8192]; mxml_node_t *tree; ... tree = mxmlLoadString(NULL, buffer, MXML_TEXT_CALLBACK);
第一个和第三个参数和 mxmlLoadFile()用法一样. 第二个参数指定了指定了字符串或者字符缓冲区用于加载XML,当父节点参数为NULL时内容必须为完整的XML文档,包括XML头?xml元素.
你可以保存XML文件使用 mxmlSaveFile 函数:
FILE *fp; mxml_node_t *tree; fp = fopen("filename.xml", "w"); mxmlSaveFile(tree, fp, MXML_NO_CALLBACK); fclose(fp);
第一个参数为想要保存的XML节点树,一般应该是一个指向你的XML文档顶级节点?xml的节点指针.
第二个单数是一个标准文件流,使用 fopen() 或者 popen()来打开. 你也可以使用stdout 如果你想要实现一个XML过滤器程序.
第三个参数是一个空白回调函数用来控制保存文件时插入的"空白"字符."空白回调"的详细信息参见 第三章. 以上的示例代码使用了MXML_NO_CALLBACK常量来指定不需要特别的空白处理.
函数mxmlSaveAllocString, 和mxmlSaveString 保存XML节点树到一个字符串中:
char buffer[8192]; char *ptr; mxml_node_t *tree; ... mxmlSaveString(tree, buffer, sizeof(buffer), MXML_NO_CALLBACK); ... ptr = mxmlSaveAllocString(tree, MXML_NO_CALLBACK);
第一个和最后一个参数的用法和函数 mxmlSaveFile()一样. 函数mxmlSaveString 给出了一个指针和长度的参数来保存XML文档到一个固定大小的缓冲区中。, mxmlSaveAllocString() 返回了使用malloc分配的一个字符串缓冲区malloc().
当我们保存XML文档时, Mini-XML一般在第75列进行折行,因为这样在终端下最易读. 函数 mxmlSetWrapMargin 可以覆盖缺省的折行界限:
/* 设置自动折行到 132 列*/ mxmlSetWrapMargin(132); /* 取消自动折行*/ mxmlSetWrapMargin(0);
函数mxmlWalkPrev and mxmlWalkNext可以被用来遍历XML节点树:
mxml_node_t *node; node = mxmlWalkPrev(current, tree, MXML_DESCEND); node = mxmlWalkNext(current, tree, MXML_DESCEND);
另外,你可以搜索一个命名的XML元素/节点,使用函数 mxmlFindElement:
mxml_node_t *node; node = mxmlFindElement(tree, tree, "name", "attr", "value", MXML_DESCEND);
参数name, attr, 和value 可以被设置为NULL作为全部匹配, e.g.:
/* 搜索第一个 "a" 元素*/ node = mxmlFindElement(tree, tree, "a", NULL, NULL, MXML_DESCEND);
/* 搜索第一个"a" 元素并包含"href"属性*/ node = mxmlFindElement(tree, tree, "a", "href", NULL, MXML_DESCEND);
/* 搜索第一个"a" 元素并且包含"href"属性等于给出的URL */ node = mxmlFindElement(tree, tree, "a", "href", "http://www.easysw.com/", MXML_DESCEND);
/* 搜索第一个包含"src"属性的XML元素*/ node = mxmlFindElement(tree, tree, NULL, "src", NULL, MXML_DESCEND);
/* 搜索第一个包含"src"= "foo.jpg"属性的XML元素 */ node = mxmlFindElement(tree, tree, NULL, "src", "foo.jpg", MXML_DESCEND);
你也可以使用同样的功能进行遍历:
mxml_node_t *node; for (node = mxmlFindElement(tree, tree, "name", NULL, NULL, MXML_DESCEND); node != NULL; node = mxmlFindElement(node, tree, "name", NULL, NULL, MXML_DESCEND)) { ... do something ... }
参数MXML_DESCEND可以是下面三个常量之一:
"group"节点的上一个节点时它左面的"node"子节点,下一个节点是"group"右面的"node"子节点..
这个模式仅适用于搜索(search)功能,遍历功能(walk)对待它和 MXML_DESCEND 一样,因为每次调用都是首次调用。
如果你要使用函数mxmlWalkNext()从根结点"?xml" 遍历到整个树的结束, 那么这个顺序将如下所示:
?xml data node val1 node val2 node val3 group node val4 node val5 node val6 node val7 node val8
如果你从"val8"开始并使用函数mxmlWalkPrev()进行遍历, 这个顺序将是反的,结束于"?xml"节点.
这一章显示了更多的在你的应用程序中使用Mini-XML的方法。
第二章 介绍了函数 mxmlLoadFile() 和 mxmlLoadString() . 这些函数的最后一个参数是一个回调函数,决定了在一个XML文档中每个数据节点的值的类型。
Mini-XML 为简单XML数据文件定义了几个标准的回调函数:
你可以为更复杂的XML文档提供你自己的回调函数。你的回调函数将接收到一个到当前XML元素节点的指针并且必须为这个XML元素节点返回一个直接子节点的值类型: MXML_INTEGER, MXML_OPAQUE, MXML_REAL, 或MXML_TEXT.这个函数在这个XML元素和它的全部属性被读取以后被调用,所以你可以查看这个XML元素的名称、属性以及属性的值来决定适当的返回值类型。
下面的回调函数查看一个名称为"type"的属性或者XML元素的名字来决定它的子节点的值类型:
mxml_type_t type_cb(mxml_node_t *node) { const char *type; /* * 你可以查看属性和/或使用XML元素名,所在层次,等等 */ type = mxmlElementGetAttr(node, "type"); if (type == NULL) type = node->value.element.name; if (!strcmp(type, "integer")) return (MXML_INTEGER); else if (!strcmp(type, "opaque")) return (MXML_OPAQUE); else if (!strcmp(type, "real")) return (MXML_REAL); else return (MXML_TEXT); }
要使用这个回调函数,只需要在你调用任何加载函数时简单的使用它的名字:
FILE *fp; mxml_node_t *tree; fp = fopen("filename.xml", "r"); tree = mxmlLoadFile(NULL, fp, type_cb); fclose(fp);
第二章 也介绍了 mxmlSaveFile(), mxmlSaveString(), 和 mxmlSaveAllocString() 函数。这些函数的最后一个参数是一个回调函数被用来自动在一个XML文档中添加空白字符。
你的回调函数将在每个XML元素被调用四次,传入参数为一个到这个节点的指针和一个"where"的值: MXML_WS_BEFORE_OPEN, MXML_WS_AFTER_OPEN, MXML_WS_BEFORE_CLOSE, 或者MXML_WS_AFTER_CLOSE。如果不需要插入空白字符这个回调函数将返回 NULL,否则返回字符串(空白、跳格、回车和换行)将被插入。
下面的空白回调可以被用来为XHTML输出添加空白字符,来使它在一般的文本编辑器中更加易读:
const char * whitespace_cb(mxml_node_t *node, int where) { const char *name; /* * 我们可以在任何XML元素之前或之后有条件的添加换行。这些是一些常见的HTML元素。 */ name = node->value.element.name; if (!strcmp(name, "html") || !strcmp(name, "head") || !strcmp(name, "body") || !strcmp(name, "pre") || !strcmp(name, "p") || !strcmp(name, "h1") || !strcmp(name, "h2") || !strcmp(name, "h3") || !strcmp(name, "h4") || !strcmp(name, "h5") || !strcmp(name, "h6")) { /* * 在打开之前和关闭之后时换行。 */ if (where == MXML_WS_BEFORE_OPEN || where == MXML_WS_AFTER_CLOSE) return ("/n"); } else if (!strcmp(name, "dl") || !strcmp(name, "ol") || !strcmp(name, "ul")) { /* * 在列表元素前后都添加换行。 */ return ("/n"); } else if (!strcmp(name, "dd") || !strcmp(name, "dt") || !strcmp(name, "li")) { /* * 添加一个"跳格"在<li>, * <dd>, * 和 <dt>之前, 以及一个换行在他们后面... */ if (where == MXML_WS_BEFORE_OPEN) return ("/t"); else if (where == MXML_WS_AFTER_CLOSE) return ("/n"); } /* * 如果不需要添加空白字符则返回NULL。 */ return (NULL); }
要使用这些回调函数,只需要在你调用任何保存函数时简单使用它的名字:
FILE *fp; mxml_node_t *tree; fp = fopen("filename.xml", "w"); mxmlSaveFile(tree, fp, whitespace_cb); fclose(fp);
Mini-XML 支持通过全局的载入和保存回调函数使用自定义数据类型。 每次只能有一组回调函数被同时激活,然而你的回调函数可以为支持多种所需要的自定义数据类型来保存更多的信息。 节点类型 MXML_CUSTOM 表示一个自定义数据内容的节点。
加载回调接收一个到当前数据节点的指针和一个不透明字符串数据从XML源中并且将字符集转换为UTF-8编码。例如:如果我们想要支持定制的日期/时间类型并且编码为"yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ssZ" (ISO 格式), 那么加载回调函数如下所示:
typedef struct { unsigned year, /* Year */ month, /* Month */ day, /* Day */ hour, /* Hour */ minute, /* Minute */ second; /* Second */ time_t unix; /* UNIX time */ } iso_date_time_t; int load_custom(mxml_node_t *node, const char *data) { iso_date_time_t *dt; struct tm tmdata; /* * 分配数据结构... */ dt = calloc(1, sizeof(iso_date_time_t)); /* * 尝试从数据字符串中读取6个无符号整数.. */ if (sscanf(data, "%u-%u-%uT%u:%u:%uZ", &(dt->year), &(dt->month), &(dt->day), &(dt->hour), &(dt->minute), &(dt->second)) != 6) { /* * 如果不能读取到数字,释放分配的结构并返回一个错误... */ free(dt); return (-1); } /* * 数据范围检查... */ if (dt->month <1 || dt->month > 12 || dt->day <1 || dt->day > 31 || dt->hour <0 || dt->hour > 23 || dt->minute <0 || dt->minute > 59 || dt->second <0 || dt->second > 59) { /* * 如果日期信息超出范围... */ free(dt); return (-1); } /* * 转换ISO时间到以秒为单位的UNIX时间... */ tmdata.tm_year = dt->year - 1900; tmdata.tm_mon = dt->month - 1; tmdata.tm_day = dt->day; tmdata.tm_hour = dt->hour; tmdata.tm_min = dt->minute; tmdata.tm_sec = dt->second; dt->unix = gmtime(&tmdata); /* * 设置自定义节点数据指针和销毁函数指针... */ node->value.custom.data = dt; node->value.custom.destroy = free; /* * 返回没有错误... */ return (0); }
这个函数成功时返回0,当不能正确解码自定义数据或者数据内容错误时返回-1。自定义数据节点包含一个void 指针用来保存这个节点已经分配的自定义数据,还有一个指向销毁函数的指针用于当节点被删除时释放自定义数据。
保存回调接收一个节点指针并且返回一个包含自定义数据值的已经分配的字符串。下面的保存回调函数可以被用来保存我们的ISO日期/时间类型:
char * save_custom(mxml_node_t *node) { char data[255]; iso_date_time_t *dt; dt = (iso_date_time_t *)node->custom.data; snprintf(data, sizeof(data), "%04u-%02u-%02uT%02u:%02u:%02uZ", dt->year, dt->month, dt->day, dt->hour, dt->minute, dt->second); return (strdup(data)); }
你可以注册这些回调函数使用 mxmlSetCustomHandlers() 函数:
mxmlSetCustomHandlers(load_custom,save_custom);
到现在为止所有的例子集中描述了如何创建和加载新的XML数据节点。然而,许多的应用程序在它们的工作中需要操纵或者改变节点,所以Mini-XML提供了一些函数来安全的改变节点的值并且不会发生内存泄漏。
已有的节点可以被改变通过使用函数 mxmlSetElement(), mxmlSetInteger(), mxmlSetOpaque() , mxmlSetReal(), mxmlSetText(), 和 mxmlSetTextf()。例如:使用下面的函数调用可以改变一个文本节点到包含字符串"new"并且具有前导的空白字符:
mxml_node_t *node; mxmlSetText(node, 1, "new");
mxmlNewTextf()和 mxmlSetTextf() 函数分别是创建和改变文本节点,使用printf-风格的格式字符串和参数。例如:使用下面的函数调用来创建一个新的文本节点包含一个构造的文件名:
mxml_node_t *node; node = mxmlNewTextf(node, 1, "%s/%s", path, filename);
Mini-XML 提供了一些函数来管理节点的索引。当前的实现提供了同样的功能就像 mxmlFindElement()一样。使用索引优势是可以使搜索和枚举XML元素显著加快。唯一不利的是每个索引都是一个关于这个XML文档的静态快照,所以索引不适合当相对于它的搜索操作,XML数据更加频繁更新时的情况。上面的创建一个索引近似相当于遍历这个XML文档树。在索引中的节点被按照XML元素名和它的参数值进行排序。
这些索引被保存在mxml_index_t 结构中。用mxmlIndexNew()函数可以创建一个新的索引:
mxml_node_t *tree; mxml_index_t *ind; ind = mxmlIndexNew(tree, "element", "attribute");
第一个参数是需要进行索引的XML节点树。通常是一个指向?xml元素的节点。
第二个参数包含了需要进行索引的XML元素;使用NULL值将按照字母顺序索引所有的XML元素节点。
第三个参数包含了需要进行索引的属性;使用NULL将使只有XML元素名字被索引。
当索引被建立后,函数 mxmlIndexEnum(), mxmlIndexFind() , and mxmlIndexReset()可以被用来访问索引中的节点。 函数 mxmlIndexReset()被用来重置在索引中的"当前"节点指针,允许你在同一个索引中进行新的搜索和枚举遍历。典型应用是你将在你调用函数mxmlIndexEnum() 和 mxmlIndexFind()之前调用这个函数。
函数mxmlIndexEnum() 用来枚举在索引中的每一个节点,可以在一个循环中使用,如下所示:
mxml_node_t *node; mxmlIndexReset(ind); while ((node = mxmlIndexEnum(ind)) != NULL) { // do something with node }
函数mxmlIndexFind() 定位下一次在索引中出现的XML元素名和属性值。它可以被用于发现在索引中的所有匹配的XML元素,如下所示:
mxml_node_t *node; mxmlIndexReset(ind); while ((node = mxmlIndexFind(ind, "element", "attr-value")) != NULL) { // do something with node }
第二和第三个参数分别表示XML元素名和属性值。使用 NULL指针用来返回索引中所有的XML元素或者属性。如果XML元素名和属性值同时为NULL则相当于调用函数 mxmlIndexEnum。
当我们使用完这个索引后,使用函数 mxmlIndexDelete() 来删除它:
mxmlIndexDelete(ind);
Mini-XML支持一个关于简单XML API (SAX)的实现,以允许你通过节点流的方式加载和处理XML文档。另外允许你处理任何大小的XML文件,Mini-XML的实现也允许你为下一步的处理而只在内存中保留XML文档的一部分。
The mxmlSAXLoadFd, mxmlSAXLoadFile, 和 mxmlSAXLoadString 函数提供了SAX加载的API。每个函数工作起来就象 mxmlLoad 函数一样,但是使用一个回调函数来处理它读到的每一个节点。
回调函数接收到一个节点,一个事件代码和一个你提供的用户数据指针:
void sax_cb(mxml_node_t *node, mxml_sax_event_t event, void *data) { ... do something ... }
事件(event)将是下面的其中一个:
XML元素将被 释放 在一个"关闭"元素被处理后。所有其他的节点在他们被处理后都被释放。SAX回调函数可以 保留 这个节点,通过调用函数 mxmlRetain 。例如:下面的SAX回调函数将保留所有的节点,就像一个普通的内存加载一样:
void sax_cb(mxml_node_t *node, mxml_sax_event_t event, void *data) { if (event != MXML_SAX_ELEMENT_CLOSE) mxmlRetain(node); }
更多的典型SAX回调函数将只保留后面需要处理的这个XML文档的一小部分。例如,下面的SAX回调函数将保留一个XHTML文件的标题和头部信息。它总是保留一个XML元素(父节点)就像<html>, <head>, 和 <body>,并处理指令节点就像 <?xml ... ?> 和<!DOCTYPE ... >:
void sax_cb(mxml_node_t *node, mxml_sax_event_t event, void *data) { if (event == MXML_SAX_ELEMENT_OPEN) { /* * 保留标题和头部 */ char *name = node->value.element.name; if (!strcmp(name, "html") || !strcmp(name, "head") || !strcmp(name, "title") || !strcmp(name, "body") || !strcmp(name, "h1") || !strcmp(name, "h2") || !strcmp(name, "h3") || !strcmp(name, "h4") || !strcmp(name, "h5") || !strcmp(name, "h6")) mxmlRetain(node); } else if (event == MXML_SAX_DIRECTIVE) mxmlRetain(node); else if (event == MXML_SAX_DATA && node->parent->ref_count > 1) { /* * 如果父节点被保留,那么这个数据节点最好是也被保留。 */ mxmlRetain(node); } }
这个结果框架文档树可以被搜素就像一个使用函数mxmlLoad 加载的一样。例如,一个过滤器程序用来从标准输入(stdin)中读取一个XHTML文档,并显示在文档中的标题和标头,如下所示:
mxml_node_t *doc, *title, *body, *heading; doc = mxmlSAXLoadFd(NULL, 0, MXML_TEXT_CALLBACK, sax_cb, NULL); title = mxmlFindElement(doc, doc, "title", NULL, NULL, MXML_DESCEND); if (title) print_children(title); body = mxmlFindElement(doc, doc, "body", NULL, NULL, MXML_DESCEND); if (body) { for (heading = body->child; heading; heading = heading->next) print_children(heading); }
这一章描述了如何使用mxmldoc(1) 程序自动从c和c++源文件中生成文档。
最初开发是用来生成Mini-XML 和CUPS API的文档,现在mxmldoc是一个通用工具实现了扫描C和C++源文件以生成HTML和man手册页文档与一个描述这些源文件中的函数、类型和宏的定义的XML文件。不像一些流行的文档生成工具如Doxygen 或 Javadoc, mxmldoc使用"在线"注释并不是注释头文件,允许更加自然的代码文档。
缺省情况下,mxmldoc 生成HTML文档个,例如:下面的命令将扫描所有的在当前目录下的C源代码和头文件并生成一个HTML文档文件叫 filename.html:
mxmldoc *.h *.c >filename.html ENTER
你也可以指定创建一个包含所有源文件信息的XML文件。例如,下面的命令创建一个XML文件 filename.xml并添加到这个HTML文件中:
mxmldoc filename.xml *.h *.c >filename.html ENTER
--no-output 选项关闭标准的HTML输出:
mxmldoc --no-output filename.xml *.h *.c ENTER
你可以再次运行mxmldoc通过这个XML文件来生成HTML文档:
mxmldoc filename.xml >filename.html ENTER
--man filename 选项来告诉mxmldoc创建一个手册页(man page)代替HTML文档,例如:
mxmldoc --man filename filename.xml / >filename.man ENTER mxmldoc --man filename *.h *.c / >filename.man ENTER mxmldoc --man filename filename.xml *.h *.c / >filename.man ENTER
在上面已经提到,mxmldoc 查看在线注释来描述你源文件中的函数、类型以及常量。Mxmldoc 将为你源文件中"所有"公开的命名生成文档,所有以下划线开始的名称和被使用@private@ 指令注解的名称被认为是“私有”的而不生成文档。
出现在函数或者类型定义前面的注释被用来生出这个函数或者类型的文档。出现在参数、定义、返回类型或者变量定义被用来生成它们的注释。例如:下列代码片断定义一个包含key/vaue的结构以及一个创建这个结构的新实例的函数:
/* A key/value pair. This is used with the dictionary structure. */ struct keyval { char *key; /* Key string */ char *val; /* Value string */ }; /* Create a new key/value pair. */ struct keyval * /* New key/value pair */ new_keyval( const char *key, /* Key string */ const char *val) /* Value string */ { ... }
Mxmldoc 总是知道并从注释字符串中移除多余的(*)号,所以下面的这个注释字符串:
/* * Compute the value of PI. * * The function connects to an Internet server * that streams audio of mathematical monks * chanting the first 100 digits of PI. */
将被显示为:
Compute the value of PI. The function connects to an Internet server that streams audio of mathematical monks chanting the first 100 digits of PI.
注释中也可以包含@name ...@ 这样的特殊指令字符串:
Mxmldoc 也提供了一些选项来设置生成的文档中的标题、分段名和简介。The --title text 选项指定了文档的标题。标题字符串通常放在引号内:
mxmldoc filename.xml / --title "My Famous Documentation" / >filename.html ENTER
--section name 选项指定了文档的分段名。对于HTML文档,这个名字放在一个HTML注释块中,如下所示:
<!-- SECTION: name -->
对于手册页(man pages), 分段名通常是一个数字("3"),或者是一个数字后面跟着厂商名如("3acme")。这个分段名被使用在手册页(man pages)中的.TH指令里:
.TH mylibrary 3acme "My Title" ...
缺省手册页(man pages)的分段名输出是"3"。对于HTML输出没有缺省的分段名。
最后,--intro filename 选项指定了一个文件来嵌入到在标题和分段名之后和生成文档的前面。对于HTML文档,这个文件必须兼容HTML并且不能使用DOCTYPE, html, and body元素。 .对于手册页文档,这个文件必须兼容有效的nroff(1) 文本.
The Mini-XML library and included programs are provided under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License (LGPL) with the following exceptions:
If you link the application to a modified version of Mini-XML, then the changes to Mini-XML must be provided under the terms of the LGPL in sections 1, 2, and 4.
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NO WARRANTY
15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the ordinary General Public License).
To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
one line to give the library's name and an idea of what it does.
Copyright (C) year name of author
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1990 Ty Coon, President of Vice
That's all there is to it!
添加一个节点到树中
void mxmlAdd (
mxml_node_t *parent,
int where,
mxml_node_t *child,
mxml_node_t *node
);
添加一个指定的节点到父节点,如果child参数不是NULL,将这个新的节点添加到指定的"child"的前面或者后面(由where参数决定)。如果child参数是NULL,把新节点添加到子节点列表的最前面(MXML_ADD_BEFORE)或者时子节点列表的最后面(MXML_ADD_AFTER)。常量MXML_ADD_TO_PARENT 可以被用来指定一个NULL的child指针。
删除一个节点和它的所有的子节点。
void mxmlDelete (
mxml_node_t *node
);
如果这个指定的节点有一个父节点,这个函数首先使用mxmlRemove() 函数从它的父节点中移除自己。
删除一个参数
void mxmlElementDeleteAttr (
mxml_node_t *node,
const char *name
);
获取一个参数
const char *mxmlElementGetAttr (
mxml_node_t *node,
const char *name
);
属性值或者NULL
如果node参数不是一个XML元素或者指定的属性名不存在则返回NULL。
设置一个属性。
void mxmlElementSetAttr (
mxml_node_t *node,
const char *name,
const char *value
);
如果这个属性名已经存在,这个属性的值将被替换为新的字符串值。这个字符串值将被拷贝到这个XML元素节点,如果这个节点不是一个XML元素,则这个函数不做任何事。
设置一个XML元素属性使用一个格式化的值。
void mxmlElementSetAttrf (
mxml_node_t *node,
const char *name,
const char *format,
...
);
如果这个属性名已经存在,这个属性的值将被替换为新的格式化字符串值。这个格式化后字符串值将被拷贝到这个XML元素节点,如果这个节点不是一个XML元素,则这个函数不做任何事。
添加一个回调函数来将XML实体转换为Unicode编码字符。
int mxmlEntityAddCallback (void);
0 成功, -1 失败
获取一个字符值对应的XML实体名字。
const char *mxmlEntityGetName (
int val
);
XML实体名字或者NULL
如果val不需要被标识为一个命名的XML实体,返回NULL。
获取一个代表到一个XML命名实体的字符。
int mxmlEntityGetValue (
const char *name
);
字符值或者-1代表错误
XML实体名字总是可以被关联到一个数字常量,如果这个名字未知则返回-1。
删除一个XML实体回调。
void mxmlEntityRemoveCallback (void);
搜索一个命名的XML元素。
mxml_node_t *mxmlFindElement (
mxml_node_t *node,
mxml_node_t *top,
const char *name,
const char *attr,
const char *value,
int descend
);
XMl元素节点或者NULL
搜索可以被XML元素名,属性名和属性值所限定;任何名字或者值等于NULL被处理就相当于通配符,所以使用不同的搜索方法可以被实现用来查看所有的指定名称的XML元素或者是所有的具有指定属性的XML元素。参数: descend 确定了是否向下搜索子节点;通常你将使用 MXML_DESCEND_FIRST作为第一次搜索,然后使用使用 MXML_NO_DESCEND来发现更多的这个节点的直接子节点。 top 节点参数约束了搜索在一个指定节点的子节点中。
删除一个索引。
void mxmlIndexDelete (
mxml_index_t *ind
);
返回索引中的下一个节点。
mxml_node_t *mxmlIndexEnum (
mxml_index_t *ind
);
下一个节点或者NULL代表没有更多的节点
返回节点顺序将按照索引的排序被返回。
搜索下一个匹配的节点。
mxml_node_t *mxmlIndexFind (
mxml_index_t *ind,
const char *element,
const char *value
);
节点或者NULL代表没有发现。
你在第一次使用一个特定的包含"element"和"value"字符串的集合来调用这个函数之前应该首先调用mxmlIndexReset()函数。如果"element"和"value"同时等于NULL则相当于调用了mxmlIndexEnum()函数。
创建一个新的索引。
mxml_index_t *mxmlIndexNew (
mxml_node_t *node,
const char *element,
const char *attr
);
新的索引
被创建的索引将包含具备指定的元素名和/或属性所有的节点。如果"element" 和"attr"同时等于NULL,索引将包含一个被排序的完整节点树的列表。节点被按照XML元素名和选择的属性值(如果"attr"参数不等于NULL)进行排序。
重设索引中的枚举/搜索指针并且返回索引中的第一个节点。
mxml_node_t *mxmlIndexReset (
mxml_index_t *ind
);
第一个节点或者NULL代表索引为空。
这个函数需要被首先调用,在第一次使用函数mxmlIndexEnum() 或 mxmlIndexFind()之前。
载入一个文件描述符到一个XML节点树。
mxml_node_t *mxmlLoadFd (
mxml_node_t *top,
int fd,
mxml_load_cb_t cb
);
第一个节点或者NULL代表文件不能被读取。
在指定文件中的所有节点将被添加到所指定的顶部节点。如果没有"top"顶部节点被提供,这个XML文件必须是规范的并且整个文件只有一个父节点为<?xml> 。 回调函数返回的值类型将被使用到子节点。如果 MXML_NO_CALLBACK 参数被指定,那么所有的子节点将都会是MXML_ELEMENT 或者 MXML_TEXT 其中之一的节点。
常量 MXML_INTEGER_CALLBACK, MXML_OPAQUE_CALLBACK, MXML_REAL_CALLBACK, 和 MXML_TEXT_CALLBACK 定义了将载入指定类型的子节点。
载入一个文件到一个XML节点树。
mxml_node_t *mxmlLoadFile (
mxml_node_t *top,
FILE *fp,
mxml_load_cb_t cb
);
第一个节点或者NULL代表文件不能被读取。
在指定文件中的所有节点将被添加到所指定的顶部节点。如果没有"top"顶部节点被提供,这个XML文件必须是规范的并且整个文件只有一个父节点为<?xml> 。 回调函数返回的值类型将被使用到子节点。如果 MXML_NO_CALLBACK 参数被指定,那么所有的子节点将都会是MXML_ELEMENT 或者 MXML_TEXT 其中之一的节点.
常量 MXML_INTEGER_CALLBACK, MXML_OPAQUE_CALLBACK, MXML_REAL_CALLBACK, 和 MXML_TEXT_CALLBACK 定义了将载入指定类型的子节点。
载入一个文件到一个XML节点树。
mxml_node_t *mxmlLoadString (
mxml_node_t *top,
const char *s,
mxml_load_cb_t cb
);
第一个节点或者NULL代表字符串中有错误。
在指定字符串中的所有节点将被添加到所指定的顶部节点。如果没有"top"顶部节点被提供,这个XML字符串必须是规范的并且整个文件只有一个父节点为<?xml> 。 回调函数返回的值类型将被使用到子节点。如果 MXML_NO_CALLBACK 参数被指定,那么所有的子节点将都会是MXML_ELEMENT 或者 MXML_TEXT 其中之一的节点.
T常量 MXML_INTEGER_CALLBACK, MXML_OPAQUE_CALLBACK, MXML_REAL_CALLBACK, 和 MXML_TEXT_CALLBACK 定义了将载入指定类型的子节点。
创建一个新的CDATA 节点.
mxml_node_t *mxmlNewCDATA (
mxml_node_t *parent,
const char *data
);
新的节点
新的CDATA节点将被添加到指定父节点的子节点列表的最后,常量 MXML_NO_PARENT 可以被用来指定新的CDATA节点没有父节点。数据字符串必须是以空字符结尾,并被拷贝到新的CDATA节点。CDATA节点使用 MXML_ELEMENT 节点类型。
创建一个新的用户自定义数据节点。
mxml_node_t *mxmlNewCustom (
mxml_node_t *parent,
void *data,
mxml_custom_destroy_cb_t destroy
);
新节点
新的自定义节点将被添加到指定父节点的子节点列表的最后。常量 MXML_NO_PARENT 可以被用来指定新的自定义节点没有父节点。NULL可以被通过,当数据节点不是动态分配或者是独立管理时。
创建一个新的XML元素节点。
mxml_node_t *mxmlNewElement (
mxml_node_t *parent,
const char *name
);
新节点
新的XML元素节点将被添加到指定父节点的子节点列表的最后。常量 MXML_NO_PARENT 可以被用来指定新的XML元素节点没有父节点。
创建一个新的整数节点。
mxml_node_t *mxmlNewInteger (
mxml_node_t *parent,
int integer
);
新节点
新的整数节点将被添加到指定父节点的子节点列表的最后。常量 MXML_NO_PARENT 可以被用来指定新的整数节点没有父节点。
创建一个新的不透明字符串节点
mxml_node_t *mxmlNewOpaque (
mxml_node_t *parent,
const char *opaque
);
新节点
新的不透明字符串节点将被添加到指定父节点的子节点列表的最后。常量 MXML_NO_PARENT 可以被用来指定新的不透明字符串节点没有父节点。这个字符串必须是空字符结尾并被拷贝到新节点。
创建一个新的浮点数节点。
mxml_node_t *mxmlNewReal (
mxml_node_t *parent,
double real
);
新节点
新的浮点数节点将被添加到指定父节点的子节点列表的最后。常量 MXML_NO_PARENT 可以被用来指定新的浮点数节点没有父节点。
创建新的文本分段节点。
mxml_node_t *mxmlNewText (
mxml_node_t *parent,
int whitespace,
const char *string
);
新节点
新的文本节点将被添加到指定父节点的子节点列表的最后。常量 MXML_NO_PARENT 可以被用来指定新的文本节点没有父节点。参数:whitespace被用在指定是否在这个节点前面有前导空格。文本字符串必须时以空字符结尾并被拷贝到新的节点。
创建一个新的格式化的文本分段节点
mxml_node_t *mxmlNewTextf (
mxml_node_t *parent,
int whitespace,
const char *format,
...
);
新节点
新的文本节点将被添加到指定父节点的子节点列表的最后。常量 MXML_NO_PARENT 可以被用来指定新的文本节点没有父节点。参数:whitespace被用在指定是否在这个节点前面有前导空格。格式化字符串必须时以空字符结尾并被格式化到新的节点。
创建一个新的XML文档树。
mxml_node_t *mxmlNewXML (
const char *version
);
新的 "?xml" 节点
参数 "version" 指定了放在"?xml" 元素节点中的版本号。如果为NULL则假定为 "version 1.0"。
释放一个节点。
int mxmlRelease (
mxml_node_t *node
);
新的引用计数
当引用计数为0时,这个节点(以及所有子节点)被通过函数 mxmlDelete() 所删除。
移除一个节点从它的父节点中。
void mxmlRemove (
mxml_node_t *node
);
不释放节点使用的内存,使用函数 mxmlDelete() 来释放。如果这个节点没有父节点则这个函数不做任何事。
保留一个节点
int mxmlRetain (
mxml_node_t *node
);
新的引用计数
使用SAX回调从一个文件描述符中加载数据到一个XML节点树。
mxml_node_t *mxmlSAXLoadFd (
mxml_node_t *top,
int fd,
mxml_load_cb_t cb,
mxml_sax_cb_t sax_cb,
void *sax_data
);
第一个节点或者NULL 代表文件不能被读取。
在指定文件中的节点将被添加到指定的顶级节点中。如果"top"节点没有提供,这个XML文件必须是规范的并且整个文件只有一个父节点为<?xml> 。回调函数"cb"返回子节点的值类型。如果 MXML_NO_CALLBACK 参数被指定,那么所有的子节点将都会是MXML_ELEMENT 或者 MXML_TEXT 其中之一的节点。
常量 MXML_INTEGER_CALLBACK, MXML_OPAQUE_CALLBACK, MXML_REAL_CALLBACK, 和MXML_TEXT_CALLBACK 被定义用于加载指定类型的子节点。
在SAX 回调函数中("sax_cb"),对于所有节点都必须调用mxmlRetain()函数用于保留为以后使用。否则,节点将在父节点被关闭时或者到达数据、注释、CDATA和指令节点时被删除。
使用SAX回调从一个文件中加载数据到一个XML节点树。
mxml_node_t *mxmlSAXLoadFile (
mxml_node_t *top,
FILE *fp,
mxml_load_cb_t cb,
mxml_sax_cb_t sax_cb,
void *sax_data
);
第一个节点或者NULL 代表文件不能被读取。
在指定文件中的节点将被添加到指定的顶级节点中。如果"top"节点没有提供,这个XML文件必须是规范的并且整个文件只有一个父节点为<?xml> 。回调函数"cb"返回子节点的值类型。如果 MXML_NO_CALLBACK 参数被指定,那么所有的子节点将都会是MXML_ELEMENT 或者 MXML_TEXT 其中之一的节点。
常量 MXML_INTEGER_CALLBACK, MXML_OPAQUE_CALLBACK, MXML_REAL_CALLBACK, 和MXML_TEXT_CALLBACK 被定义用于加载指定类型的子节点。
在SAX 回调函数中("sax_cb"),对于所有节点都必须调用mxmlRetain()函数用于保留为以后使用。否则,节点将在父节点被关闭时或者到达数据、注释、CDATA和指令节点时被删除。
使用SAX回调从一个字符串中加载数据到一个XML节点树。
mxml_node_t *mxmlSAXLoadString (
mxml_node_t *top,
const char *s,
mxml_load_cb_t cb,
mxml_sax_cb_t sax_cb,
void *sax_data
);
第一个节点或者NULL 代表文件不能被读取。
在指定字符串中的节点将被添加到指定的顶级节点中。如果"top"节点没有提供,这个XML字符串必须是规范的并且整个文件只有一个父节点为<?xml> 。回调函数"cb"返回子节点的值类型。如果 MXML_NO_CALLBACK 参数被指定,那么所有的子节点将都会是MXML_ELEMENT 或者 MXML_TEXT 其中之一的节点。
常量 MXML_INTEGER_CALLBACK, MXML_OPAQUE_CALLBACK, MXML_REAL_CALLBACK, 和MXML_TEXT_CALLBACK 被定义用于加载指定类型的子节点。
在SAX 回调函数中("sax_cb"),对于所有节点都必须调用mxmlRetain()函数用于保留为以后使用。否则,节点将在父节点被关闭时或者到达数据、注释、CDATA和指令节点时被删除。
保存一个XML节点树到一个内部分配的字符串。
char *mxmlSaveAllocString (
mxml_node_t *node,
mxml_save_cb_t cb
);
分配的字符串或者 NULL
这个函数返回一个指向字符串的指针包含了描述整个XML节点树的文本。当你使用完这个字符串后需要使用free()函数来释放。如果这个节点产生了一个空字符或者字符串分配失败将返回NULL。
回调函数参数指定了一个函数用来在每个XML元素之前或者之后返回一个空白字符串或者NULL。如果指定了MXML_NO_CALLBACK,空格将仅被添加到具有前导空格的MXML_TEXT节点前面(node->value->text->whitespace = 1)和在一个打开XML元素标签的属性名称前面。
保存一个XML节点树到一个文件描述符。
int mxmlSaveFd (
mxml_node_t *node,
int fd,
mxml_save_cb_t cb
);
成功返回 0,错误返回 -1。
回调函数参数指定了一个函数用来在每个XML元素之前或者之后返回一个空白字符串或者NULL。如果指定了MXML_NO_CALLBACK,空格将仅被添加到具有前导空格的MXML_TEXT节点前面(node->value->text->whitespace = 1)和在一个打开XML元素标签的属性名称前面。
保存一个XML节点树到一个文件。
int mxmlSaveFile (
mxml_node_t *node,
FILE *fp,
mxml_save_cb_t cb
);
成功返回 0,错误返回 -1。
回调函数参数指定了一个函数用来在每个XML元素之前或者之后返回一个空白字符串或者NULL。如果指定了MXML_NO_CALLBACK,空格将仅被添加到具有前导空格的MXML_TEXT节点前面(node->value->text->whitespace = 1)和在一个打开XML元素标签的属性名称前面。
保存一个XML节点树到一个字符串。
int mxmlSaveString (
mxml_node_t *node,
char *buffer,
int bufsize,
mxml_save_cb_t cb
);
字符串大小
这个函数返回字符串需要字节总数,但是最多拷贝(bufsize-1)个字符到指定的buffer中。
设置一个CDATA元素节点的名称。
int mxmlSetCDATA (
mxml_node_t *node,
const char *data
);
成功返回 0,失败返回 -1。
如果这个节点不是一个CDATA节点则节点不发生改变。
对一个用户自定义数据节点设置数据和销毁回调函数。
int mxmlSetCustom (
mxml_node_t *node,
void *data,
mxml_custom_destroy_cb_t destroy
);
成功返回 0,失败返回 -1。
如果这个节点不是一个用户自定义节点则节点不发生改变。
设置对于自定义数据的处理回调函数。
void mxmlSetCustomHandlers (
mxml_custom_load_cb_t load,
mxml_custom_save_cb_t save
);
加载回调函数接收一个节点指针和数据字符串,成功时必须返回 0,错误时返回一个非0值。
保存回调函数接收一个节点指针,成功时必须返回一个使用malloc分配的字符串,错误时返回NULL。
设置XML元素节点的名字。
int mxmlSetElement (
mxml_node_t *node,
const char *name
);
成功返回 0,失败返回 -1。
如果这个节点不是一个XML元素节点则节点不发生改变。
设置错误信息回调函数。
void mxmlSetErrorCallback (
mxml_error_cb_t cb
);
设置一个整数节点的值。
int mxmlSetInteger (
mxml_node_t *node,
int integer
);
成功返回 0,失败返回 -1。
如果这个节点不是一个整数节点则节点不发生改变。
设置一个不透明字符串节点的值。
int mxmlSetOpaque (
mxml_node_t *node,
const char *opaque
);
成功返回 0,失败返回 -1。
如果这个节点不是一个不透明字符串节点则节点不发生改变。
设置一个浮点数节点的值。
int mxmlSetReal (
mxml_node_t *node,
double real
);
成功返回 0,失败返回 -1。
如果这个节点不是一个浮点数节点则节点不发生改变。
设置一个文本节点的值。
int mxmlSetText (
mxml_node_t *node,
int whitespace,
const char *string
);
成功返回 0,失败返回 -1。
如果这个节点不是一个文本节点则节点不发生改变。
设置一个文本节点的值为一个格式化的字符串。
int mxmlSetTextf (
mxml_node_t *node,
int whitespace,
const char *format,
...
);
成功返回 0,失败返回 -1。
如果这个节点不是一个文本节点则节点不发生改变。
设置在保存XML数据时的自动折行位置。
void mxmlSetWrapMargin (
int column
);
当"column" is <= 0时取消自动折行。
遍历到XML树中的下一个逻辑节点。
mxml_node_t *mxmlWalkNext (
mxml_node_t *node,
mxml_node_t *top,
int descend
);
下一个节点或者NULL
"descend"参数控制下一个节点是否考虑第一个子节点。"top"参数约束了遍历这个节点的所有子节点。
遍历到XML树中的上一个逻辑节点。
mxml_node_t *mxmlWalkPrev (
mxml_node_t *node,
mxml_node_t *top,
int descend
);
上一个节点或者NULL
"descend"参数控制下一个节点是否考虑第一个子节点。"top"参数约束了遍历这个节点的所有子节点。
XML元素节点的属性值。
typedef struct mxml_attr_s mxml_attr_t;
自定义数据销毁回调函数原型
typedef void (*mxml_custom_destroy_cb_t)(void *);
自定义数据加载回调函数原型
typedef int (*mxml_custom_load_cb_t)( mxml_node_t *, const char *);
自定义数据保存回调函数原型
typedef char *(*mxml_custom_save_cb_t)( mxml_node_t *);
自定义XML类型值
typedef struct mxml_custom_s mxml_custom_t;
XML元素值
typedef struct mxml_element_s mxml_element_t;
错误回调函数原型
typedef void (*mxml_error_cb_t)(const char *);
XML节点索引
typedef struct mxml_index_s mxml_index_t;
加载回调函数
typedef mxml_type_t (*mxml_load_cb_t)( mxml_node_t *);
XML节点
typedef struct mxml_node_s mxml_node_t;
保存回调函数
typedef const char *(*mxml_save_cb_t)( mxml_node_t *, int);
SAX 回调函数
typedef void (*mxml_sax_cb_t)( mxml_node_t *, mxml_sax_event_t, void *);
SAX 事件类型.
typedef enum mxml_sax_event_e mxml_sax_event_t;
XML文本节点值
typedef struct mxml_text_s mxml_text_t;
XML节点值
typedef union mxml_value_u mxml_value_t;
XML元素的属性值
struct mxml_attr_s {
char *name;
char *value;
};
自定义XML节点值
struct mxml_custom_s {
void *data;
mxml_custom_destroy_cb_t destroy;
};
XML元素值
struct mxml_element_s {
mxml_attr_t *attrs;
char *name;
int num_attrs;
};
XML节点索引
struct mxml_index_s {
int alloc_nodes;
char *attr;
int cur_node;
mxml_node_t **nodes;
int num_nodes;
};
XML 节点。
struct mxml_node_s {
struct mxml_node_s *child;
struct mxml_node_s *last_child;
struct mxml_node_s *next;
struct mxml_node_s *parent;
struct mxml_node_s *prev;
int ref_count;
mxml_type_t type;
void *user_data;
mxml_value_t value;
};
XML文本节点值
struct mxml_text_s {
char *string;
int whitespace;
};
XML节点值。
union mxml_value_u {
mxml_custom_t custom;
mxml_element_t element;
int integer;
char *opaque;
double real;
mxml_text_t text;
};
SAX 事件类型。
XML 节点类型
这个附录提供了mxmldoc程序生成XML文件时使用的XML schema。这个schema 的在线版本参见:
http://www.easysw.com/~mike/mxmldoc.xsd
<?xml version="1.0"?> <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation xml:lang="en"> Mini-XML 2.3 documentation schema for mxmldoc output. Copyright 2003-2007 by Michael Sweet. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> <!-- basic element definitions --> <xsd:element name="argument" type="argumentType"/> <xsd:element name="class" type="classType"/> <xsd:element name="constant" type="constantType"/> <xsd:element name="description" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="enumeration" type="enumerationType"/> <xsd:element name="function" type="functionType"/> <xsd:element name="mxmldoc" type="mxmldocType"/> <xsd:element name="namespace" type="namespaceType"/> <xsd:element name="returnvalue" type="returnvalueType"/> <xsd:element name="seealso" type="identifierList"/> <xsd:element name="struct" type="structType"/> <xsd:element name="typedef" type="typedefType"/> <xsd:element name="type" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="union" type="unionType"/> <xsd:element name="variable" type="variableType"/> <!-- descriptions of complex elements --> <xsd:complexType name="argumentType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="type" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="default" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="identifier" use="required"/> <xsd:attribute name="direction" type="direction" use="optional" default="I"/> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="classType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xsd:element ref="class"/> <xsd:element ref="enumeration"/> <xsd:element ref="function"/> <xsd:element ref="struct"/> <xsd:element ref="typedef"/> <xsd:element ref="union"/> <xsd:element ref="variable"/> </xsd:choice> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="identifier" use="required"/> <xsd:attribute name="parent" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="constantType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="identifier" use="required"/> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="enumerationType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="constant" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="identifier" use="required"/> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="functionType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="returnvalue" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="argument" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xsd:element ref="seealso" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="identifier" use="required"/> <xsd:attribute name="scope" type="scope" use="optional"/> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="mxmldocType"> <xsd:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xsd:element ref="class"/> <xsd:element ref="enumeration"/> <xsd:element ref="function"/> <xsd:element ref="namespace"/> <xsd:element ref="struct"/> <xsd:element ref="typedef"/> <xsd:element ref="union"/> <xsd:element ref="variable"/> </xsd:choice> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="namespaceType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xsd:element ref="class"/> <xsd:element ref="enumeration"/> <xsd:element ref="function"/> <xsd:element ref="struct"/> <xsd:element ref="typedef"/> <xsd:element ref="union"/> <xsd:element ref="variable"/> </xsd:choice> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="identifier" use="required"/> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="returnvalueType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="type" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="structType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xsd:element ref="variable"/> <xsd:element ref="function"/> </xsd:choice> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="identifier" use="required"/> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="typedefType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="type" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="identifier" use="required"/> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="unionType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="variable" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="identifier" use="required"/> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="variableType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="type" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="identifier" use="required"/> </xsd:complexType> <!-- data types --> <xsd:simpleType name="direction"> <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xsd:enumeration value="I"/> <xsd:enumeration value="O"/> <xsd:enumeration value="IO"/> </xsd:restriction> </xsd:simpleType> <xsd:simpleType name="identifier"> <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xsd:pattern value="[a-zA-Z_(.]([a-zA-Z_(.,)* 0-9])*"/> </xsd:restriction> </xsd:simpleType> <xsd:simpleType name="identifierList"> <xsd:list itemType="identifier"/> </xsd:simpleType> <xsd:simpleType name="scope"> <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xsd:enumeration value=""/> <xsd:enumeration value="private"/> <xsd:enumeration value="protected"/> <xsd:enumeration value="public"/> </xsd:restriction> </xsd:simpleType> </xsd:schema>