Rails Production Server @ Nginx + Postgresql + Ubuntu 使用git远程部署 配置

貌似Heroku的herokuapp.com在国内访问既慢又不稳定，所以不得已需要自己搭建一台production服务器。我们的目标是和Heroku类似，直接能够从开发环境部署并运行。虽然貌似文档很多，但是还是有很多问题。

------------------------------------------------------

警告：似乎如果目录权限配置不正确一下设置会导致rails 一直报404

安装RVM

#我是在root下装的全局rvm，使用基于账户的rvm请自行修改对应设置
curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
#add user to rvm group
vi /etc/group 

source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh

#成功的话跑这个会说rvm是function

type rvm |head n1

安装ruby

apt-get install build-essential bison openssl curl git-core zlib1g zlib1g-dev libssl-dev
rvm install 1.9.2
rvm use 1.9.2 --default

安装passenger

rvm 1.9.2 --passenger
gem install passenger
rvmsudo passenger-install-nginx-module

会提示你下载安装nginx，按照配置来即可

装好以后需要做2件事，1，搞到nginx启动脚本

git clone git://github.com/jnstq/rails-nginx-passenger-ubuntu.git
sudo mv rails-nginx-passenger-ubuntu/nginx/nginx /etc/init.d/nginx
sudo chown root:root /etc/init.d/nginx

2，修改nginx配置

server {

      listen 80; #the server will be running on this port

      server_name www.yourhost.com;

      root /home/deployer/your_rails_project/public;   # <--- be sure to point to 'public'!
      passenger_enabled on;
   }

Postgresql 安装配置

安装

sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-client libpq-dev
# libpq-dev is required for gem 'pq'

确定运行

netstat -atn | grep -v tcp6 | grep 5432

创建用户 并修改密码

sudo -u postgres createuser --superuser <username>
sudo -u postgres psql postgres
\password <username>

建数据库

create database <database_name>;
grant all privileges on database <database_name> to <user_name>;

修改配置文件使得本地连接ok

vi /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/postgresql.conf
#uncomment listen_addresses = 'localhost'

确保如下信息，否则rails会出错

/etc/postgresql/9.1/main/pg_hba.conf:
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all         all                               md5

配置好数据库以后记得在config/database.yml里修改对应配置

给rails添加Capistrano

在服务器上找个用来签入的库的地方

mkdir -p ~/gitrepo/projectname.git
cd ~/gitrepo/projectname.git
git --bare init

配置一个服务器上的本地的ssh key

# 检测是否有文件，如果没有的话创建一个dsa的key
$test -e ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub || ssh-keygen -t dsa
# 设置本服务器接收使用id_dsa的公钥连接
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2
#这一句其实很重要，因为后面实际上是本地连接这个库拖到部署目录上，所以其实有一个本地ssh本地的过程

注意，这个弄完以后你可以在服务器本地ssh -T ssh://username@server/repo_path/projectname.git

之后yes添加key， 否则会出现key verification failed

tips，记得修改一下nginx的目录，因为Capistrano会添加一个current作为本项目的当前部署版本的根目录，所以应该指向类似于

/webhome/project/current/public

去掉Gemfile的

gem 'capistrano'

的注释

到开发机

把程序添加到git

cd rails_app_dir
git init
git add .

git commit -m 'init commit'

bundle install

bundle pack
git add Gemfile.lock vendor/cache
git commit -m 'bundle gems'

添加远程库

git remote add <repo_name> ssh://user@host/dir_to_repo_in_the_server
#这个例子里就是
#ssh://user@host/~/gitrepo/projectname.git

推上库

git push <repo_name> master
#这里出错大多是因为前面key没配好，或者你忘了把你的公钥传到服务器上去变成authorized_keys2

远程部署

capify .

编辑./config/deploy.rb

配置如下：

set :user, '<username>'
set :domain, '<host_name>' 

set :application, "<app_name>"
set :repository,  "#{user}@#{domain}:/opt/webapp/project_depo/depo.git"

set :deploy_to, "<dir_setted_in_the_nginx>" #in this example /webhome/project

set :scm, "git"
# Or: `accurev`, `bzr`, `cvs`, `darcs`, `git`, `mercurial`, `perforce`, `subversion` or `none`

role :web, domain                          # Your HTTP server, Apache/etc
role :app, domain                          # This may be the same as your `Web` server
role :db,  domain, :primary => true # This is where Rails migrations will run
# role :db,  "your slave db-server here"


set :deploy_via, :remote_cache    # this let the server clone from the git repo in the server
set :branch, 'master'
set :scm_verbose, true
set :use_sudo, false


require 'rvm/capistrano'         # this is useful when you use rvm
set :rvm_ruby_string, "1.9.2"
set :rvm_type, :system           # if you are not use system wide rvm then change it to :user
# if you're still using the script/reaper helper you will need
# these http://github.com/rails/irs_process_scripts

# If you are using Passenger mod_rails uncomment this:
namespace :deploy do
  task :start do ; end
  task :stop do ; end
  task :restart, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do
    run "touch #{File.join(current_path,'tmp','restart.txt')}"
  end
  task :seed do
    run "cd #{current_path}; rake db:seed RAILS_ENV=production"
  end
end

after "deploy:update_code", :bundle_install
desc 'install prerequisites'
task :bundle_install, :roles => :app do
   run "cd #{release_path} && bundle install"
end

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4/15更新更好的版本，无需手动配置自动编译assets

require 'rvm/capistrano'      #add rvm integration
require 'bundler/capistrano'  # add bundler integration
load 'deploy/assets'          # make sure assets are precompiled

set :user, '<username>'
set :domain, '<domain>' 

set :application, "<appname>"
set :repository,  "#{user}@#{domain}:/repopath/repo.git"

set :deploy_to, "/opt/webpath"

set :scm, "git"
set :branch, 'master'
# Or: `accurev`, `bzr`, `cvs`, `darcs`, `git`, `mercurial`, `perforce`, `subversion` or `none`

role :web, domain                          # Your HTTP server, Apache/etc
role :app, domain                          # This may be the same as your `Web` server
role :db,  domain, :primary => true # This is where Rails migrations will run
# role :db,  "your slave db-server here"


set :deploy_via, :remote_cache

set :scm_verbose, true
set :use_sudo, false

set :bundle_dir, ""
set :bundle_flags, ""


# If you are using Passenger mod_rails uncomment this:
namespace :deploy do
  task :start do ; end
  task :stop do ; end
  task :restart, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do
    run "touch #{File.join(current_path,'tmp','restart.txt')}"
  end
  task :seed do
    run "cd #{current_path}; rake db:seed RAILS_ENV=production"
  end
end

准备部署

cap deploy:setup
cap deploy:check
cap deploy:migrations
#如果最后一步有错试试　
#cap deploy:cold

以后部署只需要

git add .
git commit -m 'comments'
git push <repo_name>
cap deploy

# 如果需要取消部署
# cap deploy:rollback

注意这一步如果出现 .../public/image 文件没找到等错误需要在deploy.rb里设置

set :normalize_asset_timestamps, false

另外需要

 bundle exec rake assets:precompile RAILS_ENV=production

参考

http://web-l.nl/posts/5 ：这是一篇非常好的Apache + Passenger的文章