C语言string.h中常用字符函数介绍

strcpy

函数名: strcpy
功 能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
用 法: char * strcpy ( char *destin, char *source);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main( void )
{
char string[10];
char *str1 = "abcdefghi" ;
strcpy (string, str1);
   
printf ( "%s\n" , string);
return 0;
}

  

strncpy

函数名: strncpy
原型: char * strncpy ( char *dest, char *src, size_t n);  
功能:将字符串src中最多n个字符复制到字符数组dest中(它并不像 strcpy 一样遇到NULL才停止复制,而是等凑够n个字符才开始复制),返回指向dest的指针。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main( void )
{
char string[10];
char *str1 = "abcdefghi" ;
strncpy (string, str1,3);
   
printf ( "%s\n" , string);
return 0;
}

  

strcat

函数名: strcat
功 能: 字符串拼接函数
用 法: char * strcat ( char *destin, char *source);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
char destination[25];
char *blank = " " , *c = "C++" , *Borland = "Borland" ;
strcpy (destination, Borland);
strcat (destination, blank);
strcat (destination, c);
printf ( "%s\n" , destination);
return 0;
}

  

strchr

函数名: strchr
功 能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\
用 法: char * strchr ( char *str, char c);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
char string[15];
char *ptr, c = 'r' ;
strcpy (string, "This is a string" );
ptr = strchr (string, c);
if (ptr)
printf ( "The character %c is at position: %d\n" , c, ptr-string);
else
printf ( "The character was not found\n" );
return 0;
}

  

strcmp

函数名: strcmp
功 能: 串比较
用 法: int strcmp ( char *str1, char *str2);
看Asic码,str1>str2,返回值 > 0;两串相等,返回0
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
char *buf1 = "aaa" , *buf2 = "bbb" , *buf3 = "ccc" ;
int ptr;
ptr = strcmp (buf2, buf1);
if (ptr > 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n" );
else
printf ( "buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n" );
ptr = strcmp (buf2, buf3);
if (ptr > 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n" );
else
printf ( "buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n" );
return 0;
}

  

strnicmp

函数名: strnicmp
功 能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
用 法: int strnicmp( char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
char *buf1 = "BBB" , *buf2 = "bbb" ;
int ptr;
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1);
if (ptr > 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n" );
if (ptr < 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n" );
if (ptr == 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n" );
return 0;
}

  

strlen

函数名: strlen
功能: strlen 函数求的是字符串的长度,它求得方法是从字符串的首地址开始到遇到第一个 '\0' 停止计数,如果你只定义没有给它赋初值,这个结果是不定的,它会从字符串首地址一直记下去,直到遇到 '\0' 才会停止。
原型: size_t strlen ( const char *s);
#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{ int i=0;
char *he = "Hello,world" ;
i= strlen (he);
printf ( "字符串长度为%d\n" ,i);
return 0;
} //
运行结果:
字符串长度为11

  

strcspn

函数名: strcspn
功 能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
用 法: int strcspn ( char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main( void )
{
char *string1 = "1234567890" ;
char *string2 = "747DC8" ;
int length;
length = strcspn (string1, string2);
printf ( "Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n" , length);
return 0;
}

  

strdup

函数名: strdup
功 能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
用 法: char *strdup( char *str);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main( void )
{
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde" ;
dup_str = strdup(string);
printf ( "%s\n" , dup_str);
free (dup_str);
return 0;
}

  

stricmp

函数名:stricmp
功 能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
用 法: int stricmp( char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
char *buf1 = "BBB" , *buf2 = "bbb" ;
int ptr;
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);
if (ptr > 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n" );
if (ptr < 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n" );
if (ptr == 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n" );
return 0;
}

  

strerror

函数名: strerror
功 能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
用 法: char * strerror ( int errnum);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main( void )
{
char *buffer;
buffer = strerror ( errno );
printf ( "Error: %s\n" , buffer);
return 0;
}

  

strcmpi

函数名: strcmpi
功 能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
用 法: int strcmpi( char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
char *buf1 = "BBB" , *buf2 = "bbb" ;
int ptr;
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);
if (ptr > 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n" );
if (ptr < 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n" );
if (ptr == 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n" );
return 0;
}

  

strnicmp

函数名: strnicmp
功 能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串
用 法: int strnicmp( char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
char *buf1 = "BBBccc" , *buf2 = "bbbccc" ;
int ptr;
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3);
if (ptr > 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n" );
if (ptr < 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n" );
if (ptr == 0)
printf ( "buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n" );
return 0;
}

  

strnset

函数名: strnset
功 能: 将一个字符串前n个字符都设为指定字符
用 法: char *strnset( char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main( void )
{
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" ;
char letter = 'x' ;
printf ( "string before strnset: %s\n" , string);
strnset(string, letter, 13);
printf ( "string after strnset: %s\n" , string);
return 0;
}

  

strpbrk

函数名: strpbrk
功 能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
用 法: char * strpbrk ( char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main( void )
{
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" ;
char *string2 = "onm" ;
char *ptr;
ptr = strpbrk (string1, string2);
if (ptr)
printf ( "strpbrk found first character: %c\n" , *ptr);
else
printf ( "strpbrk didn't find character in set\n" );
return 0;
}

  

strrchr

函数名: strrchr
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
用 法: char * strrchr ( char *str, char c);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
char string[15];
char *ptr, c = 'r' ;
strcpy (string, "This is a string" );
ptr = strrchr (string, c);
if (ptr)
printf ( "The character %c is at position: %d\n" , c, ptr-string);
else
printf ( "The character was not found\n" );
return 0;
}

  

strrev

函数名: strrev
功 能: 串倒转
用 法: char *strrev( char *str);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
char *forward = "string" ;
printf ( "Before strrev(): %s\n" , forward);
strrev(forward);
printf ( "After strrev(): %s\n" , forward);
return 0;
}

  

strset

函数名: strset
功 能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
用 法: char *strset( char *str, char c);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main( void )
{
char string[10] = "123456789" ;
char symbol = 'c' ;
printf ( "Before strset(): %s\n" , string);
strset(string, symbol);
printf ( "After strset(): %s\n" , string);
return 0;
}

  

strstr

函数名: strstr
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现
用 法: char * strstr ( char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main( void )
{
char *str1 = "Borland International" , *str2 = "nation" , *ptr;
ptr = strstr (str1, str2);
printf ( "The substring is: %s\n" , ptr);
return 0;
}

  

strtod

函数名: strtod
功 能: 将字符串转换为 double 型值
用 法: double strtod ( char *str, char **endptr);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main( void )
{
char input[80], *endptr;
double value;
printf ( "Enter a floating point number:" );
gets (input);
value = strtod (input, &endptr);
printf ( "The string is %s the number is %lf\n" , input, value);
return 0;
}

  

strtok

函数名: strtok
功 能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词
用 法: char * strtok ( char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
char input[16] = "abc,d" ;
char *p;
/* strtok places a NULL terminator
in front of the token, if found */
p = strtok (input, "," );
if (p) printf ( "%s\n" , p);
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
as the first parameter returns a pointer
to the character following the token */
p = strtok (NULL, "," );
if (p) printf ( "%s\n" , p);
return 0;
}

  

strtol

函数名: strtol
功 能: 将串转换为长整数
用 法: long strtol ( char *str, char **endptr, int base);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
char *string = "87654321" , *endptr;
long lnumber;
/* strtol converts string to long integer */
lnumber = strtol (string, &endptr, 10);
printf ( "string = %s long = %ld\n" , string, lnumber);
return 0;
}

  

strupr

函数名:strupr
功 能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
用 法: char *strupr( char *str);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main( void )
{
char string[ ] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" , *ptr; //定义为数组才能修改
/* converts string to upper case characters */
ptr = strupr(string);
printf ( "%s\n" , ptr);
return 0;
}

  

swab

函数名: swab
功 能: 交换字节
用 法: void swab ( char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d" ;
char target[15];
int main( void )
{
swab(source, target, strlen (source));
printf ( "This is target: %s\n" , target);
return 0;
}

  

   以上都是些C中字符串的常用函数,非常实用,此处记录,方便以后温故:)


你可能感兴趣的:(C语言string.h中常用字符函数介绍)