Leetcode题:Substring with Concatenation of All Words

You are given a string, S, and a list of words, L, that are all of the same length. Find all starting indices of substring(s) in S that is a concatenation of each word in L exactly once and without any intervening characters.

For example, given:
S"barfoothefoobarman"
L["foo", "bar"]

You should return the indices: [0,9].
(order does not matter).

想法一:假设L中的单位长度为n,依次从S中取长度为n的子串,如果在L中,就记下来。需要借助hash或map,如果整个L都匹配完了,就算是一个concatenation;当匹配错误的时候,S右移一个位置。

想法二:事先把L的所有concatenation组合出来,放到hash或map里,然后遍历S的时候直接看。

下面的代码是实现的第一种想法,第二种想法当L中数据较多时由于组合数会剧增,效率较低。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> findSubstring(string S, vector<string> &L) {
        
        vector<int> result;
        int n = L[0].size();
        int len = n * L.size();
        if(len > S.size())
            return result;
        
        map<string, int> m;
        for(int i=0;i<L.size();i++)
            m[L[i]]++; // 发现可以不用特意初始化直接开始自增
            
        int idx = 0;
        map<string, int> tmp;
        while(idx <= S.size() - len)
        {
            bool flag = true;
            tmp.clear();
            for(int i=idx;i<=idx+n*(L.size()-1);i+=n)
            {
                string now = S.substr(i, n);
                if(m.find(now) == m.end())
                {
                    flag = false;
                    break;
                }
                tmp[now]++;
                if(tmp[now] > m[now])
                {
                    flag = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            
            if(flag == true)
                result.push_back(idx);
                
            idx++;
        }
        return result;
    }
};


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