Android高手进阶教程(四)之 ----Android 中自定义属性(attr.xml,TypedArray)的使用

今天我们的教程是根据前面一节扩展进行的,如果你没有看,请点击 Android高手进阶教程(三) 查看第三课,这样跟容易方便你的理解!

   在xml 文件里定义控件的属性,我们已经习惯了android:attrs="" ,那么我们能不能定义自己的属性能,比如:test:attrs="" 呢?答案是肯定的.

  好了我就不卖关子了,直接进入主题。大致以 下步骤:

  一、在res/values文件下定义一个attrs.xml文件.代码如下:  

<?xml  version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>     
<resources>     
     <declare-styleable name="MyView">     
        <attr  name="textColor" format="color" />     
        <attr  name="textSize" format="dimension" />     
     </declare-styleable>     
</resources>    
一、在 res/values文件下定义一个attrs.xml文件.代码如下:  
<?xml version="1.0"  encoding="utf-8"?> 
<resources> 
    <declare- styleable name="MyView"> 
        <attr name="textColor"  format="color" /> 
        <attr name="textSize"  format="dimension" /> 
    </declare-styleable> 
</resources>    

  二、 我们在MyView.java 代码修改如下,其中下面的构造方法是重点,我们获取定义的属性我们R.sytleable.MyView_textColor, 获取方法中后面通常设定默认值(float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.MyView_textSize, 36 ); ), 防止我们在xml 文件中没有定义.从而使用默认值!

获取,MyView 就是定义在<declare-styleable name="MyView "></declare-styleable> 里的名字,获取里面属性用 名字_ 属性 连接起来就可以.TypedArray 通常最后调用 .recycle() 方法,为了保持以后使用该属性一致性!

public MyView(Context  context,AttributeSet attrs)     
    {     
         super(context,attrs);     
        mPaint = new Paint();     
              
        TypedArray a =  context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,     
                 R.styleable.MyView);     
             
        int textColor =  a.getColor(R.styleable.MyView_textColor,     
                 0XFFFFFFFF);     
        float textSize =  a.getDimension(R.styleable.MyView_textSize, 36);     
             
         mPaint.setTextSize(textSize);     
         mPaint.setColor(textColor);     
             
         a.recycle();     
    }    
public MyView(Context  context,AttributeSet attrs)  
 {  
  super(context,attrs);  
   mPaint = new Paint();  
    
  TypedArray a =  context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,  
    R.styleable.MyView);  
     
  int textColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.MyView_textColor,  
     0XFFFFFFFF);  
  float textSize =  a.getDimension(R.styleable.MyView_textSize, 36);  
    
   mPaint.setTextSize(textSize);  
  mPaint.setColor(textColor);  
     
  a.recycle();  
 }   

MyView.java 全部代码如下:

package com.android.tutor;     
import  android.content.Context;     
import android.content.res.TypedArray;      
import android.graphics.Canvas;     
import  android.graphics.Color;     
import android.graphics.Paint;     
import  android.graphics.Rect;     
import android.graphics.Paint.Style;      
import android.util.AttributeSet;     
import android.view.View;      
public class MyView extends View {     
    private Paint  mPaint;     
    private Context mContext;     
    private static  final String mString = "Welcome to Mr Wei's blog";     
         
     public MyView(Context context) {     
        super(context);     
         mPaint = new Paint();     
    }     
    public  MyView(Context context,AttributeSet attrs)     
    {     
         super(context,attrs);     
        mPaint = new Paint();     
              
        TypedArray a =  context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,     
                 R.styleable.MyView);     
             
        int textColor =  a.getColor(R.styleable.MyView_textColor,     
                 0XFFFFFFFF);     
        float textSize =  a.getDimension(R.styleable.MyView_textSize, 36);     
             
         mPaint.setTextSize(textSize);     
         mPaint.setColor(textColor);     
             
         a.recycle();     
    }     
    @Override    
    protected  void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {     
        // TODO Auto-generated  method stub     
        super.onDraw(canvas);     
        //设置填充      
        mPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL);     
             
         //画一个矩形,前俩个是矩形左上角坐标,后面俩个是右下角坐标     
         canvas.drawRect(new Rect(10, 10, 100, 100), mPaint);     
              
        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);     
        //绘制文字     
         canvas.drawText(mString, 10, 110, mPaint);     
    }     
}     
package com.android.tutor;  
import android.content.Context;   
import android.content.res.TypedArray;  
import  android.graphics.Canvas;  
import android.graphics.Color;  
import  android.graphics.Paint;  
import android.graphics.Rect;  
import  android.graphics.Paint.Style;  
import android.util.AttributeSet;  
import  android.view.View;  
public class MyView extends View {  
  private Paint mPaint;  
 private Context mContext;  
 private  static final String mString = "Welcome to Mr Wei's blog";  
   
  public MyView(Context context) {  
  super(context);  
  mPaint =  new Paint();  
 }  
 public MyView(Context context,AttributeSet  attrs)  
 {  
  super(context,attrs);  
  mPaint = new Paint();   
    
  TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,  
     R.styleable.MyView);  
    
  int textColor =  a.getColor(R.styleable.MyView_textColor,  
    0XFFFFFFFF);  
   float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.MyView_textSize, 36);  
     
  mPaint.setTextSize(textSize);  
   mPaint.setColor(textColor);  
    
  a.recycle();  
 }  
  @Override 
 protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {  
  // TODO  Auto-generated method stub  
  super.onDraw(canvas);  
  //设置填充  
   mPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL);  
    
  //画一个矩形,前俩个是矩形左上角坐标,后面俩个是右下 角坐标  
  canvas.drawRect(new Rect(10, 10, 100, 100), mPaint);  
     
  mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);  
  //绘制文字  
   canvas.drawText(mString, 10, 110, mPaint);  
 }  
}  

三、将我们自定义的MyView 加入布局main.xml 文件中,平且使用自定义属性,自定义属性必须加上:

   xmlns:test ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.android.tutor "蓝色 是自定义属性的前缀,红色 是我们包名.

  main.xml 全部代码如下:

<?xml    
version="1.0"  encoding="utf-8"?>   
<LinearLayout    
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"   
                 
xmlns:test="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.android.tutor"   
    android:orientation="vertical"  
     android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
     android:layout_height="fill_parent"  
    >   
<TextView      
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"    
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"    
     android:text="@string/hello"  
    />   
<com.android.tutor.MyView    
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"    
     android:layout_height="fill_parent"    
    test:textSize="20px"  
     test:textColor="#fff"  
/>   
</LinearLayout>  
<?xml  
version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout 
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
               
xmlns:test="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.android.tutor"
     android:orientation="vertical"
     android:layout_width="fill_parent"
     android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
<TextView  
     android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
     android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
     android:text="@string/hello"
    />
<com.android.tutor.MyView
  android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
     android:layout_height="fill_parent" 
    test:textSize="20px"
     test:textColor="#fff"
/>
</LinearLayout>

   四、运行之效果如下图:

  今天就到此结 束,大家有什么疑问的,请留言,我会及时答复大家!谢谢~

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