HBase提供了对HBase进行一系列的管理涉及到对表的管理、数据的操作java api。
常用的API操作有:
1、 对表的创建、删除、显示以及修改等,可以用HBaseAdmin,一旦创建了表,那么可以通过HTable的实例来访问表,每次可以往表里增加数据。
2、 插入数据
创建一个Put对象,在这个Put对象里可以指定要给哪个列增加数据,以及当前的时间戳等值,然后通过调用HTable.put(Put)来提交操作,子猴在这里提请注意的是:在创建Put对象的时候,你必须指定一个行(Row)值,在构造Put对象的时候作为参数传入。
3、 获取数据
要获取数据,使用Get对象,Get对象同Put对象一样有好几个构造函数,通常在构造的时候传入行值,表示取第几行的数据,通过HTable.get(Get)来调用。
4、 浏览每一行
通过Scan可以对表中的行进行浏览,得到每一行的信息,比如列名,时间戳等,Scan相当于一个游标,通过next()来浏览下一个,通过调用HTable.getScanner(Scan)来返回一个ResultScanner对象。HTable.get(Get)和HTable.getScanner(Scan)都是返回一个Result。Result是一个
KeyValue的链表。
5、 删除
使用Delete来删除记录,通过调用HTable.delete(Delete)来执行删除操作。(注:删除这里有些特别,也就是删除并不是马上将数据从表中删除。)
6、 锁
新增、获取、删除在操作过程中会对所操作的行加一个锁,而浏览却不会。
7、 簇的访问
客户端代码通过ZooKeeper来访问找到簇,也就是说ZooKeeper quorum将被使用,那么相关的类(包)应该在客户端的类(classes)目录下,即客户端一定要找到文件hbase-site.xml。
import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ZooKeeperConnectionException; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes; public class HBaseTest { private static Configuration conf = null; /** * 初始化配置 */ static { Configuration HBASE_CONFIG = new Configuration(); //与hbase/conf/hbase-site.xml中hbase.zookeeper.quorum配置的值相同 HBASE_CONFIG.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "10.1.1.1"); //与hbase/conf/hbase-site.xml中hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort配置的值相同 HBASE_CONFIG.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181"); conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(HBASE_CONFIG); } /** * 创建一张表 */ public static void creatTable(String tableName, String[] familys) throws Exception { HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf); if (admin.tableExists(tableName)) { System.out.println("table already exists!"); } else { HTableDescriptor tableDesc = new HTableDescriptor(tableName); for(int i=0; i<familys.length; i++){ tableDesc.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(familys[i])); } admin.createTable(tableDesc); System.out.println("create table " + tableName + " ok."); } } /** * 删除表 */ public static void deleteTable(String tableName) throws Exception { try { HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf); admin.disableTable(tableName); admin.deleteTable(tableName); System.out.println("delete table " + tableName + " ok."); } catch (MasterNotRunningException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ZooKeeperConnectionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 插入一行记录 */ public static void addRecord (String tableName, String rowKey, String family, String qualifier, String value) throws Exception{ try { HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName); Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey)); put.add(Bytes.toBytes(family),Bytes.toBytes(qualifier),Bytes.toBytes(value)); table.put(put); System.out.println("insert recored " + rowKey + " to table " + tableName +" ok."); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 删除一行记录 */ public static void delRecord (String tableName, String rowKey) throws IOException{ HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName); List list = new ArrayList(); Delete del = new Delete(rowKey.getBytes()); list.add(del); table.delete(list); System.out.println("del recored " + rowKey + " ok."); } /** * 查找一行记录 */ public static void getOneRecord (String tableName, String rowKey) throws IOException{ HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName); Get get = new Get(rowKey.getBytes()); Result rs = table.get(get); for(KeyValue kv : rs.raw()){ System.out.print(new String(kv.getRow()) + " " ); System.out.print(new String(kv.getFamily()) + ":" ); System.out.print(new String(kv.getQualifier()) + " " ); System.out.print(kv.getTimestamp() + " " ); System.out.println(new String(kv.getValue())); } } /** * 显示所有数据 */ public static void getAllRecord (String tableName) { try{ HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName); Scan s = new Scan(); ResultScanner ss = table.getScanner(s); for(Result r:ss){ for(KeyValue kv : r.raw()){ System.out.print(new String(kv.getRow()) + " "); System.out.print(new String(kv.getFamily()) + ":"); System.out.print(new String(kv.getQualifier()) + " "); System.out.print(kv.getTimestamp() + " "); System.out.println(new String(kv.getValue())); } } } catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main (String [] agrs) { try { String tablename = "scores"; String[] familys = {"grade", "course"}; HBaseTest.creatTable(tablename, familys); //add record zkb HBaseTest.addRecord(tablename,"zkb","grade","","5"); HBaseTest.addRecord(tablename,"zkb","course","","90"); HBaseTest.addRecord(tablename,"zkb","course","math","97"); HBaseTest.addRecord(tablename,"zkb","course","art","87"); //add record baoniu HBaseTest.addRecord(tablename,"baoniu","grade","","4"); HBaseTest.addRecord(tablename,"baoniu","course","math","89"); System.out.println("===========get one record========"); HBaseTest.getOneRecord(tablename, "zkb"); System.out.println("===========show all record========"); HBaseTest.getAllRecord(tablename); System.out.println("===========del one record========"); HBaseTest.delRecord(tablename, "baoniu"); HBaseTest.getAllRecord(tablename); System.out.println("===========show all record========"); HBaseTest.getAllRecord(tablename); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }