http://www.cnblogs.com/hnrainll/archive/2012/01/06/2314863.html
1.活用Android线程间通信的Message机制
1.1.Message
代码在frameworks\base\core\java\android\Os\Message.java中。
Message.obtain函数:有多个obtain函数,主要功能一样,只是参数不一样。作用是从Message Pool中取出一个Message,如果Message Pool中已经没有Message可取则新建一个Message返回,同时用对应的参数给得到的Message对象赋值。
Message Pool:大小为10个;通过Message.mPool->(Message并且Message.next)-> (Message并且Message.next)-> (Message并且Message.next)...构造一个Message Pool。Message Pool的第一个元素直接new出来,然后把Message.mPool(static类的static变量)指向它。其他的元素都是使用完的 Message通过Message的recycle函数清理后放到Message Pool(通过Message Pool最后一个Message的next指向需要回收的Message的方式实现)。下图为Message Pool的结构:
1.2.MessageQueue
MessageQueue里面有一个收到的Message的对列:
MessageQueue.mMessages(static变量)->( Message并且Message.next)-> ( Message并且Message.next)->...,下图为接收消息的消息队列:
上层代码通过Handler的sendMessage等函数放入一个message到MessageQueue里面时最终会调用 MessageQueue的 enqueueMessage函数。enqueueMessage根据上面的接收的Message的队列的构造把接收到的Message放入队列中。
MessageQueue的removeMessages函数根据上面的接收的Message的队列的构造把接收到的Message从队列中删除,并且调用对应Message对象的recycle函数把不用的Message放入Message Pool中。
1.3.Looper
Looper对象的创建是通过prepare函数,而且每一个Looper对象会和一个线程关联
public static final void prepare() { if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(new Looper()); }
private Looper() { mQueue = new MessageQueue(); mRun = true; mThread = Thread.currentThread(); }
public static final void prepareMainLooper() { prepare(); setMainLooper(myLooper()); if (Process.supportsProcesses()) { myLooper().mQueue.mQuitAllowed = false; } }
public static final void loop() { Looper me = myLooper(); MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue; while (true) { Message msg = queue.next(); // might block //if (!me.mRun) { // break; //} if (msg != null) { if (msg.target == null) { // No target is a magic identifier for the quit message return; } if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " "+ msg.callback + ": " + msg.what); msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println("<<<<< Finished to" + msg.target + " "+ msg.callback); msg.recycle(); } } }
public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback) { mLooper = looper; mQueue = looper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; } public interface Callback { public boolean handleMessage(Message msg); }
public final Message obtainMessage(int what, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj){ return Message.obtain(this, what, arg1, arg2, obj); }
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis){ boolean sent = false; MessageQueue queue = mQueue; if (queue != null) { msg.target = this; sent = queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis); } else { RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"); Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e); } return sent; }
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.callback != null) { handleCallback(msg); } else { if (mCallback != null) { if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { return; } } handleMessage(msg); } }
package com.android.messageexample; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Color; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Looper; import android.os.Message; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.LinearLayout; import android.widget.TextView; public class MessageExample extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private final int WC = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT; private final int FP = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT; public TextView tv; private EventHandler mHandler; private Handler mOtherThreadHandler=null; private Button btn, btn2, btn3, btn4, btn5, btn6; private NoLooperThread noLooerThread = null; private OwnLooperThread ownLooperThread = null; private ReceiveMessageThread receiveMessageThread =null; private Context context = null; private final String sTag = "MessageExample"; private boolean postRunnable = false; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); context = this.getApplicationContext(); LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(this); layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL); btn = new Button(this); btn.setId(101); btn.setText("message from main thread self"); btn.setOnClickListener(this); LinearLayout.LayoutParams param = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(250,50); param.topMargin = 10; layout.addView(btn, param); btn2 = new Button(this); btn2.setId(102); btn2.setText("message from other thread to main thread"); btn2.setOnClickListener(this); layout.addView(btn2, param); btn3 = new Button(this); btn3.setId(103); btn3.setText("message to other thread from itself"); btn3.setOnClickListener(this); layout.addView(btn3, param); btn4 = new Button(this); btn4.setId(104); btn4.setText("message with Runnable as callback from other thread to main thread"); btn4.setOnClickListener(this); layout.addView(btn4, param); btn5 = new Button(this); btn5.setId(105); btn5.setText("main thread's message to other thread"); btn5.setOnClickListener(this); layout.addView(btn5, param); btn6 = new Button(this); btn6.setId(106); btn6.setText("exit"); btn6.setOnClickListener(this); layout.addView(btn6, param); tv = new TextView(this); tv.setTextColor(Color.WHITE); tv.setText(""); LinearLayout.LayoutParams param2 = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(FP, WC); param2.topMargin = 10; layout.addView(tv, param2); setContentView(layout); //主线程要发送消息给other thread, 这里创建那个other thread receiveMessageThread = new ReceiveMessageThread(); receiveMessageThread.start(); } //implement the OnClickListener interface @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch(v.getId()){ case 101: //主线程发送消息给自己 Looper looper; looper = Looper.myLooper(); //get the Main looper related with the main thread //如果不给任何参数的话会用当前线程对应的Looper(这里就是Main Looper)为Handler里面的成员mLooper赋值 mHandler = new EventHandler(looper); //mHandler = new EventHandler(); // 清除整个MessageQueue里的消息 mHandler.removeMessages(0); String obj = "This main thread's message and received by itself!"; //得到Message对象 Message m = mHandler.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, obj); // 将Message对象送入到main thread的MessageQueue里面 mHandler.sendMessage(m); break; case 102: //other线程发送消息给主线程 postRunnable = false; noLooerThread = new NoLooperThread(); noLooerThread.start(); break; case 103: //other thread获取它自己发送的消息 tv.setText("please look at the error level log for other thread received message"); ownLooperThread = new OwnLooperThread(); ownLooperThread.start(); break; case 104: //other thread通过Post Runnable方式发送消息给主线程 postRunnable = true; noLooerThread = new NoLooperThread(); noLooerThread.start(); break; case 105: //主线程发送消息给other thread if(null!=mOtherThreadHandler){ tv.setText("please look at the error level log for other thread received message from main thread"); String msgObj = "message from mainThread"; Message mainThreadMsg = mOtherThreadHandler.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, msgObj); mOtherThreadHandler.sendMessage(mainThreadMsg); } break; case 106: finish(); break; } } class EventHandler extends Handler { public EventHandler(Looper looper) { super(looper); } public EventHandler() { super(); } public void handleMessage(Message msg) { //可以根据msg.what执行不同的处理,这里没有这么做 switch(msg.what){ case 1: tv.setText((String)msg.obj); break; case 2: tv.setText((String)msg.obj); noLooerThread.stop(); break; case 3: //不能在非主线程的线程里面更新UI,所以这里通过Log打印收到的消息 Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj); ownLooperThread.stop(); break; default: //不能在非主线程的线程里面更新UI,所以这里通过Log打印收到的消息 Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj); break; } } } //NoLooperThread class NoLooperThread extends Thread{ private EventHandler mNoLooperThreadHandler; public void run() { Looper myLooper, mainLooper; myLooper = Looper.myLooper(); mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper(); //这是一个static函数 String obj; if(myLooper == null){ mNoLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(mainLooper); obj = "NoLooperThread has no looper and handleMessage function executed in main thread!"; } else { mNoLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(myLooper); obj = "This is from NoLooperThread self and handleMessage function executed in NoLooperThread!"; } mNoLooperThreadHandler.removeMessages(0); if(false == postRunnable){ //send message to main thread Message m = mNoLooperThreadHandler.obtainMessage(2, 1, 1, obj); mNoLooperThreadHandler.sendMessage(m); Log.e(sTag, "NoLooperThread id:" + this.getId()); }else{ //下面new出来的实现了Runnable接口的对象中run函数是在Main Thread中执行,不是在NoLooperThread中执行 //注意Runnable是一个接口,它里面的run函数被执行时不会再新建一个线程 //您可以在run上加断点然后在eclipse调试中看它在哪个线程中执行 mNoLooperThreadHandler.post(new Runnable(){ @Override public void run() { tv.setText("update UI through handler post runnalbe mechanism!"); noLooerThread.stop(); } }); } } } //OwnLooperThread has his own message queue by execute Looper.prepare(); class OwnLooperThread extends Thread{ private EventHandler mOwnLooperThreadHandler; public void run() { Looper.prepare(); Looper myLooper, mainLooper; myLooper = Looper.myLooper(); mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper(); //这是一个static函数 String obj; if(myLooper == null){ mOwnLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(mainLooper); obj = "OwnLooperThread has no looper and handleMessage function executed in main thread!"; } else { mOwnLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(myLooper); obj = "This is from OwnLooperThread self and handleMessage function executed in NoLooperThread!"; } mOwnLooperThreadHandler.removeMessages(0); //给自己发送消息 Message m = mOwnLooperThreadHandler.obtainMessage(3, 1, 1, obj); mOwnLooperThreadHandler.sendMessage(m); Looper.loop(); } } //ReceiveMessageThread has his own message queue by execute Looper.prepare(); class ReceiveMessageThread extends Thread{ public void run() { Looper.prepare(); mOtherThreadHandler = new Handler(){ public void handleMessage(Message msg) { Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj); } }; Looper.loop(); } } }
转自:http://qaohao.iteye.com/blog/509145