SD卡分析三

4: CARD层分析:
因为这些记 忆卡都是块设备,当然需要提供块设备的驱动程序,这部分就是实现了将你的SD卡如何实现为块设备的。先看block.C中的probe函数
MMC  块设备用如下结构表示:
struct mmc_blk_data {
    spinlock_t    lock;
    struct gendisk    *disk;
    struct mmc_queue queue;
    unsigned int    usage;
    unsigned int    read_only;
};
我们先看 mmc_blk_alloc( )
    devidx = find_first_zero_bit(dev_use, MMC_NUM_MINORS);
    if (devidx >= MMC_NUM_MINORS)//这表明我们的 mmc  层对多支持16个card,每个card占8分区
        return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);
    __set_bit(devidx, dev_use);

    md->disk = alloc_disk(1 << MMC_SHIFT);//分配一个磁盘,8个分区
    //8 partion
    if (md->disk == NULL) {
        ret = -ENOMEM;
        goto err_kfree;
    }

    spin_lock_init(&md->lock);
    md->usage = 1;

    ret = mmc_init_queue(&md->queue, card, &md->lock);//注一
    if (ret)
        goto err_putdisk;
    md->queue.issue_fn = mmc_blk_issue_rq;//这个函数很重要,待会详细分析
    md->queue.data = md;
    md->disk->major    = MMC_BLOCK_MAJOR;
    md->disk->first_minor = devidx << MMC_SHIFT;
    md->disk->fops = &mmc_bdops;磁盘的操作函数
    md->disk->private_data = md;
    md->disk->queue = md->queue.queue;
    md->disk->driverfs_dev = &card->dev;

    /*
     * As discussed on lkml, GENHD_FL_REMOVABLE should:
     *
     * - be set for removable media with permanent block devices
     * - be unset for removable block devices with permanent media
     *
     * Since  MMC  block devices clearly fall under the second
     * case, we do not set GENHD_FL_REMOVABLE.  Userspace
     * should use the block device creation/destruction hotplug
     * messages to tell when the card is present.
     */这个注释如何理解呢?

    sprintf(md->disk->disk_name, "mmcblk%d", devidx);//这个名字将在/proc/device下出现
我们可以看到在/sys/block下有 个"mmcblk0
    blk_queue_hardsect_size(md->queue.queue, 512);//设置硬件扇区的容量

}
注一:
mq->queue = blk_init_queue(mmc_request, lock);初始化将request函数与队列绑定
    if (!mq->queue)
        return -ENOMEM;
    mq->queue->queuedata = mq;
    mq->req = NULL;
    blk_queue_prep_rq(mq->queue, mmc_prep_request);
//命令预处理,为驱动程序在返回evl_next_request之前,提供检查和预处理请求的机制,详 细见LDD3 P485
    //command prepare process
    blk_queue_ordered(mq->queue, QUEUE_ORDERED_DRAIN, NULL);// 
    //barrier request屏障请求,防止重新组合产生的错误,设置标准后,保证请求的数据及时写入到介质。
mq->sg = kmalloc(sizeof(struct scatterlist) *
            host->max_phys_segs, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!mq->sg) {
            ret = -ENOMEM;
            goto cleanup_queue;
        }
        sg_init_table(mq->sg, host->max_phys_segs);
    }
//分配scatterlist结构体
mq->thread = kthread_run(mmc_queue_thread, mq, "mmcqd");最后设置了一个内核线程,线程关联的函数是mmc_queue_thread,这个很重要,我们待会分析。
接下来调用 mmc_blk_set_blksize来设置block的长度为512。
一切都准备好了以后激活磁 盘:add_disk(md->disk);
最后来分析request函数:
*
* Generic  MMC  request handler.  This is called for any queue on a
* particular host.  When the host is not busy, we look for a request
* on any queue on this host, and attempt to issue it.  This may
* not be the queue we were asked to process.也就是说,elv_next_request返回来的
req不一定是mq->req
*/
static void mmc_request(struct request_queue *q)
{
    struct mmc_queue *mq = q->queuedata;
    struct request *req;
    int ret;
    if (!mq) {
        printk(KERN_ERR "MMC: killing requests for dead queue/n");
        while ((req = elv_next_request(q)) != NULL) {
            do {
                ret = __blk_end_request(req, -EIO,
                            blk_rq_cur_bytes(req));// 没有可以处理的请求,则就素这个请求
            } while (ret);
        }
        return;
    }
    if (!mq->req)
        wake_up_process(mq->thread);//注一
}
注 一:我们发现,与LDD3中介绍的块设备编程方法不同,并没有出来任何与bio结构相关的东西,当请求获取后,我们通过什么来进行数据块的传输呢,这里就 是通过唤醒mq->thread线程来实现的,这个线程实际上就是mmc_queue_thread函数
static int mmc_queue_thread(void *d)
{
    struct mmc_queue *mq = d;
    struct request_queue *q = mq->queue;

    current->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC;

    down(&mq->thread_sem);
    do {
        struct request *req = NULL;

        spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);
        set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
        if (!blk_queue_plugged(q))
            req = elv_next_request(q);
        mq->req = req;
        spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);

        if (!req) {
            if (kthread_should_stop()) {
                set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
                break;
            }
            up(&mq->thread_sem);
            schedule();
            down(&mq->thread_sem);
            continue;
        }
        set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
// 蓝色部分不是很理解,大概的意思应该还是获取一个可处理的请求

        mq->issue_fn(mq, req);//注一
    } while (1);
    up(&mq->thread_sem);

    return 0;
}
注一:我们看看issue_fn函数做了些什么,这个函数相当复杂
我们看关键的部分:
brq.data.sg = mq->sg;
brq.data.sg_len = mmc_queue_map_sg(mq);
/*
         * Adjust the sg list so it is the same size as the
         * request.
         */
        if (brq.data.blocks != req->nr_sectors) {
            int i, data_size = brq.data.blocks << 9;
            struct scatterlist *sg;

            for_each_sg(brq.data.sg, sg, brq.data.sg_len, i) {
                data_size -= sg->length;
                if (data_size <= 0) {
                    sg->length += data_size;
                    i++;
                    break;
                }
            }
            brq.data.sg_len = i;
        }
以上这些代码用来准备scatterlist,这是数据传输的缓冲区
        mmc_wait_for_req(card->host, &brq.mrq);接下来我们向host发送请求,这个函数应该很熟悉了,它的最后一句就是 host->ops->request(host, mrq),这样就和我们驱动程序的request联系起来了,由于这次cmd—>data成员不再为空,所以启动的是数据传输了。

5 实验:
将默认的平台信息作了更改,这样
.get_ro        = s3cmci_get_ro,
.get_cd        = s3cmci_card_present,
两个函数就有实际的作用了

static struct s3c24xx_mci_pdata s3cmci_def_pdata = {
    /* This is currently here to avoid a number of if (host->pdata)
     * checks. Any zero fields to ensure reaonable defaults are picked. */
       .detect_invert=0,
       .wprotect_invert=1,
       .gpio_detect=1,
       .gpio_wprotect = 1 ,
};
不过还有一点不清楚的是,
host_dodma 设置为1的时候,在/sdcard    下找不到任何东西 /proc/devices中也查找不到相应的设备
从打印的信息看:
7>mmc0: clock 0Hz busmode 1 powermode 1 cs 0 Vdd 21 width 0 timing 0
<6>s3c2440-sdi s3c2440-sdi: running at 0kHz (requested: 0kHz).
<7>mmc0: clock 197753Hz busmode 1 powermode 2 cs 0 Vdd 21 width 0 timing 0
<6>s3c2440-sdi s3c2440-sdi: running at 198kHz (requested: 197kHz).
<7>mmc0: clock 197753Hz busmode 1 powermode 2 cs 1 Vdd 21 width 0 timing 0
<6>s3c2440-sdi s3c2440-sdi: running at 198kHz (requested: 197kHz).
<7>mmc0: starting CMD0 arg 00000000 flags 000000c0
<7>s3c2440-sdi s3c2440-sdi: CMD[OK] #1 op:0 arg:0x00000000 flags:0x08c0 retries:0 R0:0x00000000
<7>mmc0: req done (CMD0): 0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
发送命令基本都是成功的,为什么会这样???
6结论:到此为止,按照数据和命令流的方向,我们分析了 MMC  子系统的基本结构,很多细节的地方还不是很清楚,不过至少为写驱动程序做了相应的准备了。

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