keepalive配置mysql自动故障转移

本文先配置了一个双master环境,互为主从,然后通过Keepalive配置了一个虚拟IP,客户端通过虚拟IP连接master1,当master1宕机,自动切换到master2。一次只能连接其中一个master进行读写,所以是active-passive模式。

一 Mysql主主复制搭建


1.1 实验环境

两台机器事先都已经装好了mysql单实例。 

keepalive配置mysql自动故障转移_第1张图片


二者的端口号需要保持一致,否则在最后用vip连接的时候,不能使用相同端口号连接。
 

 

1.2 实验步骤


1.2.1 修改配置文件

修改master1:

在[mysqld]下面添加:

server-id =  1

relay-log=/data/server/mysql_3307/binlog/ZabbixServer-relay-bin

relay-log-index=/data/server/mysql_3307/binlog/ZabbixServer-relay-bin.index

auto-increment-offset = 1    

auto-increment-increment = 2 

log-slave-updates=true

 

修改master2:

在[mysqld]下面添加:

server-id =  3

relay-log =/data/server/mysql/binlog/single-relay-bin

relay-log-index=/data/server/mysql/binlog/single-relay-bin.index

auto-increment-offset = 2   

auto-increment-increment = 2 

log-slave-updates=true

 

添加auto-increment-offset那两项,是为了避免在MySQL INSERT时主键冲突。

 

修改完后记得重启mysql

 

1.2.2 建复制用户

分别在两台mysql上执行

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'RepUser'@'%'identified by 'beijing';

1.2.3 指向master

两台服务器均为新建立,且无其它写入操作,各服务器只需记录当前自己二进制日志文件及事件位置,以之作为另外的服务器复制起始位置即可。否则,需要先备份主库,在备库进行恢复,从而保持数据一致,然后再指向master。

Master1:

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| File            | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| mysql-bin.000001 |      302|              |                  |                   |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Master2:

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| File            | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| mysql-bin.000001 |      120 |              |                  |                   |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#Master1指向Master2

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER='RepUser',MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.21',MASTER_PASSWORD='beijing',MASTER_PORT=3307,MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=120;

#Master2指向Master1

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER='RepUser',MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.22',MASTER_PASSWORD='beijing', MASTER_PORT=3307,MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=302;


1.2.4 分别启动slave

start slave ;

确保show slave status

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

测试两边是否同步,略。


二:配置keepalived


1 keepalive安装

分别在master1master2上安装keepalive

yum install -ypopt-devel
cd /usr/local/src
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.2.2
./configure --prefix=/
make
make install


2 分别在master1,master2上新建检查mysql脚本

vi/root/check_mysql.sh

内容如下

MYSQL=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
MYSQL_HOST=localhost
MYSQL_USER=root
MYSQL_PASSWORD=system@123


$MYSQL -h $MYSQL_HOST -u $MYSQL_USER -p$MYSQL_PASSWORD -e "show status;" >/dev/null 2>&1
#$mysqlclient --host=$host --port=$port --user=$user --password=$password  -e "show databases;" > /dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? == 0 ]
then
    echo " $host mysql login successfully "
    exit 0
else
    #echo " $host mysql login faild"
    /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
    exit 2
fi


chmod +x/root/check_mysql.sh

3 编写配置文件

vi/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

master1配置内容:

#ConfigurationFile for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {                        ######定义接受邮件的邮箱
  [email protected]
        }
  notification_email_from [email protected]    ######定义发送邮件的邮箱
  smtp_server mail.tuge.com
  smtp_connect_timeout 10
}
vrrp_script check_mysql {                   ######定义监控mysql的脚本
     script "/root/check_mysql.sh"
     interval 2                             ######监控时间间隔
     weight 2                               ######负载参数
     }
vrrp_instance vrrptest {                 ######定义vrrptest实例
        state BACKUP              ######服务器状态
  interfaceeth0                      ######使用的接口
        virtual_router_id 51                ######虚拟路由的标志,一组lvs的虚拟路由标识必须相同,这样才能切换
        priority 150                        ######服务启动优先级,值越大,优先级越高,BACKUP 不能大于MASTER
        advert_int 1                        ######服务器之间的存活检查时间
authentication {
        auth_type PASS                      ######认证类型
        auth_pass ufsoft       ######认证密码,一组lvs 服务器的认证密码必须一致
}
track_script {                              ######执行监控mysql进程的脚本
     check_mysql
     }
virtual_ipaddress {                         ######虚拟IP地址
         192.168.1.60
}
}


这里state不配置MASTER,且优先级一样,是期望在MASTER1宕机后再恢复时,不主动将MASTER状态抢过来,避免MySQL服务的波动。

由于不存在使用lvs进行负载均衡,不需要配置虚拟服务器virtual server,下同。

 

slave配置内容(只是将state改为BACKUP即可):

global_defs {
notification_email {                        ######定义接受邮件的邮箱
  [email protected]
        }
  notification_email_from [email protected]    ######定义发送邮件的邮箱
  smtp_server mail.tuge.com
  smtp_connect_timeout 10
}
vrrp_script check_mysql {                   ######定义监控mysql进程的脚本
     script "/etc/keepalived/check_mysql.sh"
     interval 2                             ######监控时间间隔
     weight 2                               ######负载参数
     }
vrrp_instance vrrptest {                 ######定义vrrptest实例
        state BACKUP               ######服务器状态(主为MASTER,从为BACKUP)
        interface eth0                      ######使用的接口
        virtual_router_id 51                ######虚拟路由的标志,一组lvs的虚拟路由标识必须相同,这样才能切换
        priority 150                        ######服务启动优先级,值越大,优先级越高,BACKUP 不能大于MASTER
        advert_int 1                        ######服务器之间的存活检查时间
authentication {
        auth_type PASS                      ######认证类型
        auth_pass ufsoft       ######认证密码,一组lvs 服务器的认证密码必须一致
}
track_script {                              ######执行监控NGINX进程的脚本
     check_mysql
     }
virtual_ipaddress {                         ######虚拟IP地址
         192.168.1.60
}
}


vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

#注意,在两台机器上都要修改。

添加:

-A INPUT -d 192.168.1.60/32 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -d224.0.0.18 -j ACCEPT #添加VRRP通讯支持


service iptables restart


5 启动keepalived

master1master2上分别启动:
service keepalived start

分别执行ip addr命令,可以在其中一台机器上看到虚拟IP.如:

[root@slave1 keepalived]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_faststate UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:04:05:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.22/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
    inet 192.168.1.60/32 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe04:516/64 scope link tentativedadfailed 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

说明虚拟vip连在了master1这台机器上。

如果自动只连接到了master2,关闭master2keepalived,再启动,自动就连接到master1了。

现在都可以ping通虚拟ip了。



6 测试

停止master1服务器keepalived,检查VIP是否切换到master2服务器(用ip addr命令验证即可);
 

三 测试高可用环境是否配置成功


3.1 建允许远程访问的用户

在master1,master2创建允许远程访问的用户:

grant select,update,delete,insert on *.* to 'dandan' identified by 'dandan';


3.2 访问虚拟IP

用一台同网段的机器访问通过vip访问数据库:

mysql -u dandan-pdandan -h 192.168.1.60 --port 3307

停止master1服务器的mysqlVIP切换到了master2服务器。

master2上查看:

mysql> showprocesslist;
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Id | User        | Host               | db   | Command | Time | State                                                                      | Info             |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
|  3 | root        | localhost          | dba | Query   |    0 | init                                                                       | show processlist |
| 14 | systemuser |                    | NULL |Connect |  247 | Reconnecting after afailed master event read                               | NULL             |
| 15 | systemuser |                    | NULL |Connect |  207 | Slave has read all relaylog; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it | NULL             |
| 90 |dandan      | 192.168.1.60:39995 |dba  | Sleep   |    8|                                                                            | NULL             |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+

看到了dandan的连接信息。

 


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