oracle 11g手工建库

手工建库前必须安装好oracle软件
-、手动建库
（Instance + Database, Instance:进程+内存，Database：文件，数据文件+控制文件+Redo文件+其他文件）


（1）、启动实例（spfile）
（2）、建库
（3）、跑脚本
1.参数设置(文档位置：Reference -->1 Initialization Parameters -->Basic Initialization Parameters)


--创建数据库所需要的目录


mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/manual/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area




vi profile.ora 



CLUSTER_DATABASE=false
COMPATIBLE='11.2.0.0.0'
CONTROL_FILES='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/erp/control02.ctl'
DB_BLOCK_SIZE=8192
DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/'
DB_NAME='manual'
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_are'
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE=8G
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=manual
OPEN_CURSORS=300
PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET=300M
PROCESSES=800
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE='EXCLUSIVE'
SESSIONS=1000
SGA_TARGET=600M
UNDO_TABLESPACE='undotbs1'




环境变量

export ORACLE_SID=manual
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export  NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK



2.建库命令(文档位置：Administrator's Guide --> 2 Creating an Oracle Database -->Manually Creating an Oracle Database -->Step 7: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement) '
CREATE DATABASE manual
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/redo01.log') SIZE 60M,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/redo02.log') SIZE 60M,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/redo03.log') SIZE 60M
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   MAXINSTANCES 1
   CHARACTER SET US7ASCII   --建议使用这个：AL32UTF8
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16   --建议使用这个AL16UTF16
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 100M REUSE
     DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/temp01.dbf' 
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
/*
--启动数据库到mount状态
[oracle@felix u01]$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Dec 16 12:13:57 2014


Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.




Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options


SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted




ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup  nomount pfile='/u01/pfile.ora';
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area  208769024 bytes
Fixed Size                  2226936 bytes
Variable Size             180356360 bytes
Database Buffers           20971520 bytes
Redo Buffers                5214208 bytes


--创建数据库：
SQL> CREATE DATABASE manual                      
  2     USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
  3     USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
  4     LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/redo01.log') SIZE 60M,
  5             GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/redo02.log') SIZE 60M,
  6             GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/redo03.log') SIZE 60M
  7     MAXLOGFILES 5
  8     MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
  9     MAXLOGHISTORY 1
 10     MAXDATAFILES 100
 11     MAXINSTANCES 1
 12     CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
 13     NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
 14     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
 15     EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
 16     SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 100M REUSE
 17       DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
 18        TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/temp01.dbf' 
 19        SIZE 20M REUSE
 20     UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
 21        DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/manual/undotbs01.dbf'
 22        SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;


Database created.


SQL> 





*/
3.跑脚本(文档位置：Administrator's Guide --> 2 Creating an Oracle Database -->Manually Creating an Oracle Database --Step 9: Run Scripts to Build Data Dictionary Views）'

oracle的rdbms目录下得更多介绍

1.--执行这个脚本后，创建数据库的统计视图，审计视图。
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql




2.--执行这个脚本后，数据库具有导入导出功能，即可以使用exp、imp、expdp、impdp。
@?/rdbms/admin/catexp.sql




3.--数据库具有pl/sql的使用功能。
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql




4.--创建审计数据字典视图
@?/rdbms/admin/cataudit.sql







[oracle@mydb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/pfile.ora';
Total System Global Area  524288000 bytes
Fixed Size                  2022048 bytes
Variable Size             146802016 bytes
Database Buffers          373293056 bytes
Redo Buffers                2170880 bytes
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/pfile.ora';


File created.


SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.




SQL> startup nomount;


[oracle@felix ~]$ ps -ef|grep ora_
oracle   10075     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_manual
oracle   10077     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_manual
oracle   10079     1 10 15:55 ?        00:01:44 ora_vktm_manual
oracle   10083     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_manual
oracle   10085     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_manual
oracle   10087     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_manual
oracle   10089     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:01 ora_dia0_manual
oracle   10091     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_manual
oracle   10093     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:01 ora_dbw0_manual
oracle   10095     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:09 ora_lgwr_manual
oracle   10097     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_manual
oracle   10099     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_manual
oracle   10101     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_manual
oracle   10103     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:01 ora_mmon_manual
oracle   10105     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:01 ora_mmnl_manual
oracle   10113     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_manual
oracle   10125     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:03 ora_q000_manual
oracle   10127     1  0 15:55 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_manual
oracle   10161     1  0 15:59 ?        00:00:00 ora_smco_manual
oracle   10163     1  0 15:59 ?        00:00:00 ora_w000_manual
oracle   10227     1  0 16:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_w001_manual
oracle   10231     1  0 16:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_w002_manual
oracle   10249     1  0 16:06 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_manual
oracle   10283     1  0 16:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_w003_manual
oracle   10297     1  0 16:11 ?        00:00:00 ora_w004_manual
oracle   10305     1  0 16:11 ?        00:00:00 ora_w005_manual
oracle   10307     1  0 16:11 ?        00:00:00 ora_w006_manual
oracle   10320  9854  0 16:12 pts/3    00:00:00 grep ora_
[oracle@felix ~]$ 
进程都起来了




SQL> show parameter dump


NAME                                 TYPE                   VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
background_core_dump                 string                 partial
background_dump_dest                 string                 /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/man
                                                            ual/manual/trace
core_dump_dest                       string                 /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/man
                                                            ual/manual/cdump
max_dump_file_size                   string                 unlimited
shadow_core_dump                     string                 partial
user_dump_dest                       string                 /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/man
                                                            ual/manual/trace






查看告警日志
[oracle@mydb log]$ tail -f alert_PROD.log