原文地址: http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1435117095903.html
忙了三天,终于把nginx+tomcat+memcached负载均衡集群搭建成功,真的非常兴奋,在此和大家一起分享一下我的成果,希望对大家今后的学习有所帮助,哈哈!首先我强调的是我用的操作系统是CentOS6.4,而且开的是一个VMWARE,其实也没什么影响,但是在Ubuntu下搭建的话,就可能有些许不一样,在centos下我们需要手动去下载一些额外的资源文件。好了,说了这么多,咱们开始吧!
前言:本文档主要讲解,如何在CentOS6.4下搭建Nginx+Tomcat+Memcached负载均衡集群服务器。
(1)Nginx负责负载均衡。
(2)Tomcat负责实际服务。
(3)Memcached负责同步Tomcat的Session,达到Session共享的目的。
1、首先我们来安装一下JDK吧,这不是必须要放在第一步,只是我自己之前在学习hadoop时就已经安装了JDK。
我使用的JDK版本:jdk-6u24-linux-i586.bin(下载地址:JDK下载)
1.1将下载好的JDK放进 local/usr/文件路径下(我所有下载的.tar.gz和.bin文件都是放在该路径下的,以便于以后查找),如果你用的是VMWARE,你可以使用WinSCP来将要传送的文件复制到该路径下即可。
1.2然后使用linux命令解压
tar -zvxf jdk-6u24-linux-i586.bin
1.3安装完成之后,我将其重命名为jdk,只是这样看着比较舒服
mv jdk-6u24-linux-i586 jdk
1.4接着我们编辑/etc/profile,输入linux命令
gedit /etc/profile
1.5编辑profile文件,添加以下文本
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
1.6验证jdk是否安装成功
java -version
Nginx官网:http://nginx.org/
在安装Nginx之前,需要先安装gcc、 openssl、 pcre和zlib软件库,这些貌似在Ubuntu下有些就不需要安装的,根据你自己的需要进行安装。
首先我们来谈一下如果缺少这些问题会报哪些错误以及解决方案:
1)缺少pcre library
./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library. You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.
当执行./configure的时候会抛出说缺少PCRE library 这个是HTTP Rewrite 模块,也即是url静态化的包
所以首先我们要安装这个东西 PCRE下载PCRE ,我选择的是pcre-8.36.tar.gz版本
# tar zxvf pcre-8.36.tar.gz # ./configure # make # make install
2)缺少gcc-c++,也就是c++编译包
libtool: compile: unrecognized option `-DHAVE_CONFIG_H'
libtool: compile: Try `libtool --help' for more information.
make[1]: *** [pcrecpp.lo] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src//pcre-8.31'
make: *** [all] Error 2root@wolfdog-virtual-machine:~/work/pcre-8.12$ libtool -help -DHAVE_CONFIG_H
The program 'libtool' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
sudo apt-get install libtool
在线安装:输入命令:
yum install libtool
再输入:
yum install gcc-c++
3)缺少openssl库
./configure: error: the HTTP cache module requires md5 functions
from OpenSSL library. You can either disable the module by using
--without-http-cache option, or install the OpenSSL library into the system,
or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source with nginx by using
--with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=<path> options.
openssl官网:openssl下载
在线安装:
yum install openssl libssl-dev libperl-dev
4)缺少zlib库
./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.
zlib官网:下载zlib
在线安装:
yum install zlib yum install zlib-devel
2.1接着安装nginx,版本为:nginx-1.7.9.tar.gz
# ./configure # make # sudo make install
1)解压
tar -zxvf nginx-1.7.9.tar.gz cd nginx-1.7.9
# ./configure # make # make install
2.2安装完之后我们就可以在nginx的conf文件夹下面创建一个proxy.conf文件,配置一些代理参数
$cd /usr/local/nginx/conf $sudo touch proxy.conf
#!nginx (-) # proxy.conf proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; #获取真实ip #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; #获取代理者的真实ip client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_connect_timeout 90; proxy_send_timeout 90; proxy_read_timeout 90; proxy_buffer_size 4k; proxy_buffers 4 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
2.3接着,我们要编辑nginx.conf文件
gedit nginx.conf
写上基本配置:
#运行nginx所在的用户名和用户组 #user www www; #启动进程数 worker_processes 8; #全局错误日志及PID文件 error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; #工作模式及连接数上限 events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; } #设定http服务器,利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持 http { #设定mime类型 include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; include /usr/local/nginx/conf/proxy.conf; #charset gb2312; #设定请求缓冲 server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; # fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; # fastcgi_send_timeout 300; # fastcgi_read_timeout 300; # fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; # fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; # fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; # fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; # gzip on; # gzip_min_length 1k; # gzip_buffers 4 16k; # gzip_http_version 1.0; # gzip_comp_level 2; # gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; # gzip_vary on; #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m; ###禁止通过ip访问站点 server{ server_name _; return 404; } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; index index.html index.htm index.jsp;#设定访问的默认首页地址 root /home/www/web/ROOT;#设定网站的资源存放路径 #limit_conn crawler 20; location ~ .*.jsp$ #所有jsp的页面均交由tomcat处理 { index index.jsp; proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;#转向tomcat处理 } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ #设定访问静态文件直接读取不经过tomcat { expires 30d; } location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ { expires 1h; } #定义访问日志的写入格式 log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/localhost.log access;#设定访问日志的存放路径 } }
#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息,说明配置文件正确:
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is okthe configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfull
error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory解决方法:
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /lib64
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /lib
2.5启动与关闭Nginx
1)启动
#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
重启:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
2)关闭
#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop或:
ps -ef | grep nginx找到主进程ID,然后kill即可,如:
# kill -9 [进程号]
好了,这样nginx就安装好了。
(3)检查是否启动成功:
netstat -ano " grep80 "有结果输入说明启动成功
打开浏览器访问此机器的 IP,如果浏览器出现Welcome to nginx! 则表示 Nginx 已经安装并运行成功。如果已经配置了负载均衡服务器,则会看Tomcat中的网站页面
3、安装memcached
Memcached官网:点击进入3.1由于memcached安装时,需要使用libevent类库,所以先安装libevent 下载地址:点击进入
我下载的是版本:libevent-1.4.14b-stable.tar.gz
3.2解压:
libevent-1.4.14b-stable.tar.gz3.3进入
cd libevent-1.4.14b-stable3.4编译安装(默认安装到/usr/local/lib/目录)
# ./configure # make # make install3.5安装memcached, memcached下载网址: http://www.danga.com/memcached/download.bml
1. 解压缩 tar xzfv memcached-1.4.22.tar.gz 2. 进入到 memcached-1.4.22目录 cd memcached-1.4.22 3. 编译,安装 ./configure --prefix=/local/memcached make make install安装完成后,会在 /local/memcached 出现 bin和share目录
进行 bin目录,启动 memcache
方法如下:
./memcached -d -u nobody -m 512 127.0.0.1 -p 11211
此时,会报一个异常
error while loading shared libraries: libevent-1.4.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
原因是找不到libevent-1.4.so.2类库,解决办法如下:
使用LD_DEBUG=help ./memcached -v来确定 加载的类库路径,方法如下:
LD_DEBUG=libs ./memcached -v 2>&1 > /dev/null | less
则系统会显示:
linux:/local/memcached/bin # LD_DEBUG=libs ./memcached -v 2>&1 > /dev/null | less 20421: find library=libevent-1.4.so.2; searching 20421: search cache=/etc/ld.so.cache 20421: search path=/lib/tls/i686/sse2:/lib/tls/i686:/lib/tls/sse2:/lib/tls:/lib/i686/sse2:/lib/i686:/lib/sse2:/lib:/usr/lib/tls/i686 /sse2:/usr/lib/tls/i686:/usr/lib/tls/sse2:/usr/lib/tls:/usr/lib/i686/sse2:/usr/lib/i686:/usr/lib/sse2:/usr/lib (system search path) 20421: trying file=/lib/tls/i686/sse2/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/lib/tls/i686/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/lib/tls/sse2/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/lib/tls/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/lib/i686/sse2/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/lib/i686/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/lib/sse2/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/lib/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/usr/lib/tls/i686/sse2/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/usr/lib/tls/i686/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/usr/lib/tls/sse2/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/usr/lib/tls/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/usr/lib/i686/sse2/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/usr/lib/i686/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/usr/lib/sse2/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: trying file=/usr/lib/libevent-1.4.so.2 20421: ./memcached: error while loading shared libraries: libevent-1.4.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
我们看到,memcached会到很多地方去找,所以根据其它求,我们只需建一个软链接,指定到我们安装的类库上即可方法如下: ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-1.4.so.2 /lib/libevent-1.4.so.2 现在可以正常启动memcached了 ./memcached -d -u nobody -m 512 127.0.0.1 -p 11211memcache启动参数说明:
可以到这里去下载https://github.com/gwhalin/Memcached-Java-Client/downloads
1)工具类
package org.memcached.dhp.test; import java.util.Date; import com.danga.MemCached.MemCachedClient; import com.danga.MemCached.SockIOPool; /** * * <pre><b>功能描述:</b>Memcached的 工具类 * * @author xie)<br> * * <b>修改历史:</b>(修改人,修改时间,修改原因/内容) * * </pre> */ public final class MemcachedUtil { /** * <b>构造函数:工具类,禁止实例化</b> * */ private MemcachedUtil() { } // 创建全局的唯一实例 private static MemCachedClient mcc = new MemCachedClient(); /** * 自身实例 */ private static MemcachedUtil memcachedUtil = new MemcachedUtil(); // 设置与缓存服务器的连接池 static { // 服务器列表和其权重 String[] servers = {"192.168.13.100:11211" };// Ip地址和端口号 // 权重 Integer[] weights = {3 }; // 获取socket连接池的实例对象 SockIOPool pool = SockIOPool.getInstance(); // 设置服务器信息 pool.setServers(servers); pool.setWeights(weights); // 设置初始连接数、最小和最大连接数以及最大处理时间 pool.setInitConn(5); pool.setMinConn(5); pool.setMaxConn(250); pool.setMaxIdle(1000 * 60 * 60 * 6); // 设置主线程的睡眠时间 pool.setMaintSleep(30); // 设置TCP的参数,连接超时等 pool.setNagle(false); pool.setSocketTO(3000); pool.setSocketConnectTO(0); // 初始化连接池 pool.initialize(); // 压缩设置,超过指定大小(单位为K)的数据都会被压缩 // mcc.setCompressEnable(true); // mcc.setCompressThreshold(64 * 1024); mcc.setPrimitiveAsString(true); // 设置序列化 } /** * * <pre><b>功能描述:</b>获取唯一实例. * * @author :xiezhaodong * <b>创建日期 :</b>2012-4-25 上午10:57:41 * * @return * * <b>修改历史:</b>(修改人,修改时间,修改原因/内容) * * </pre> */ public static MemcachedUtil getInstance() { return memcachedUtil; } /** * * <pre><b>功能描述:</b>新增一个缓存数据 * * @author :xiezhaodong * <b>创建日期 :</b>2012-4-25 上午10:55:15 * * @param key 缓存的key * @param value 缓存的值 * @return 操作结果 * * <b>修改历史:</b>(修改人,修改时间,修改原因/内容) * * </pre> */ public boolean add(String key, Object value) { // 不会存入缓存 return mcc.add(key, value); // return mcc.set(key, value); } /** * * <pre><b>功能描述:</b>新增一个缓存数据 * * @author :xiezhaodong * <b>创建日期 :</b>2012-4-25 上午10:56:15 * * @param key 缓存的key * @param value 缓存的值 * @param expiry 缓存过期的时间 * @return 操作结果 * * <b>修改历史:</b>(修改人,修改时间,修改原因/内容) * * </pre> */ public boolean add(String key, Object value, Date expiry) { // 不会存入缓存 return mcc.add(key, value, expiry); // return mcc.set(key, value, expiry); } /** * <pre><b>功能描述:</b>替换已有的缓存数据 * * @author :xiezhaodong * <b>创建日期 :</b>2012-4-25 上午10:55:34 * * @param key 设置对象的key * @return Object 设置对象的值 * @return 是否替换成功 * * <b>修改历史:</b>(修改人,修改时间,修改原因/内容) * * </pre> */ public boolean replace(String key, Object value) { return mcc.replace(key, value); } /** * * <pre><b>功能描述:</b>替换已有的缓存数据 * * @author :xiezhaodong * <b>创建日期 :</b>2012-4-25 上午10:43:17 * * @param key 设置对象的key * @return Object 设置对象的值 * @param expiry 过期时间 * @return 是否替换成功 * * <b>修改历史:</b>(修改人,修改时间,修改原因/内容) * * </pre> */ public boolean replace(String key, Object value, Date expiry) { return mcc.replace(key, value, expiry); } /** * * <pre><b>功能描述:</b>根据指定的关键字获取对象 * * @author :xiezhaodong * <b>创建日期 :</b>2012-4-25 上午10:42:49 * * @param key 获取对象的key * @return Object 对象值 * * <b>修改历史:</b>(修改人,修改时间,修改原因/内容) * * </pre> */ public Object get(String key) { return mcc.get(key); } }
package org.memcached.dhp.test; import java.io.Serializable; public class Employee implements Serializable { /** * serialVersionUID */ private static final long serialVersionUID = -271486574863799175L; /** * 员工名字 */ private String EmpName; /** * 部门名 */ private String deptName; /** * 公司名 */ private String companyName; /** * * <b>构造函数:</b> * */ public Employee() { } /** * Access method for the empName property * * @return the empName */ public String getEmpName() { return EmpName; } /** * Sets the value of empName the property * * @param empName the empName to set */ public void setEmpName(String empName) { EmpName = empName; } /** * Access method for the deptName property * * @return the deptName */ public String getDeptName() { return deptName; } /** * Sets the value of deptName the property * * @param deptName the deptName to set */ public void setDeptName(String deptName) { this.deptName = deptName; } /** * Access method for the companyName property * * @return the companyName */ public String getCompanyName() { return companyName; } /** * Sets the value of companyName the property * * @param companyName the companyName to set */ public void setCompanyName(String companyName) { this.companyName = companyName; } }3) 测试类
package org.memcached.dhp.test; public class MemcachedUtilTest { public static void main(String[] args) { //add(); print(); } private static void print() { MemcachedUtil cache = MemcachedUtil.getInstance(); Employee emp=(Employee) cache.get("emp"); System.out.println("name:"+emp.getCompanyName()); System.out.println("dep:"+emp.getDeptName()); System.out.println("emp:"+emp.getEmpName()); } private static void add() { MemcachedUtil cache = MemcachedUtil.getInstance(); Employee emp = new Employee(); emp.setCompanyName("Kevin's Company"); emp.setDeptName("R&D Dept"); emp.setEmpName("Kevin"); cache.add("emp", emp); } }