oracle 中 rollup、cube、grouping 使用详解 -- 使用oracle 样例表演示

-- 使用oracle 的样列库,演示 rollup, cube, grouping 的用法与使用场景

--- ROLLUP , 为了理解分组的成员数量,我增加了 分组的计数  COUNT(SAL)
  SELECT   E1.DEPTNO,
           JOB,
           TO_CHAR (E1.HIREDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
           SUM (SAL),
           COUNT (SAL)
    FROM   emp e1
GROUP BY   ROLLUP (E1.DEPTNO, E1.JOB, E1.HIREDATE);

/*
分组情况为:
DEPTNO,job,HIREDATE   第 1 种分组  (A,B,C) 
DEPTNO,job,           第 2 种分组  (A,B)  
DEPTNO                 第 3 种分组  (A)  
                       总分一个组
                       
-- 结果如下:  并进行部分数据解释,以便读者理解
    DEPTNO JOB       TO_CHAR(E1   SUM(SAL) COUNT(SAL)
---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
        10 CLERK     1982-01-23       1300          1   (A,B,C)  -- 10号部门,CLERK工种,入职日期为1982-01-23,只有一个成员 工资和为:1300
        10 CLERK                      1300          1   (A,B)    -- 10号部门,CLERK工种,只有一个成员 工资和为:1300
        10 MANAGER   1981-06-09       2450          1   (A,B,C)  -- 与第一条记录相似的分析 
        10 MANAGER                    2450          1   (A,B)
        10 PRESIDENT 1981-11-17       5000          1   (A,B,C)  
        10 PRESIDENT                  5000          1   (A,B,C)
        10                            8750          3   (A)      -- 10号部门有3个成员,工资总计为8750
        20 CLERK     1980-12-17        800          1
        20 CLERK                       800          1
        20 ANALYST   1981-12-03       3000          1
        20 ANALYST                    3000          1
        20 MANAGER   1981-04-02       2975          1
        20 MANAGER                    2975          1
        20                            6775          3
        30 CLERK     1981-12-03        950          1
        30 CLERK                       950          1
        30 MANAGER   1981-05-01       2850          1
        30 MANAGER                    2850          1
        30 SALESMAN  1981-02-20       1600          1
        30 SALESMAN  1981-02-22       1250          1
        30 SALESMAN  1981-09-08       1500          1
        30 SALESMAN  1981-09-28       1250          1
        30 SALESMAN                   5600          4    (A,B)    -- 30号部门,SALESMAN工种,有4个成员 工资和为:5600 
        30                            9400          6    (A)      -- 30号部 有6个成员, 工资总计为:9400 
                                     24925         12     ()      -- 所有部门工资总和为:24925                        
*/


--- CUBE , 为了理解分组的成员数量,我增加了 分组的计数  COUNT(SAL)
  SELECT   E1.DEPTNO,
           JOB,
           TO_CHAR (E1.HIREDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
           SUM (SAL),
           COUNT (SAL)
    FROM   emp e1
GROUP BY   CUBE (E1.DEPTNO, E1.JOB, E1.HIREDATE);

/*
分组原则:
GROUP BY CUBE(A, B, C),则首先会对(A、B、C)进行GROUP BY,然后依次是(A、B),(A、C),(A),(B、C),(B),(C),最后对全表进行GROUP BY操作。

-- 结果 :  并进行部分数据解释,以便读者理解
    DEPTNO JOB       TO_CHAR(E1   SUM(SAL) COUNT(SAL)
---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
                                     24925         12   -- 全表分组,工资总合:24925 
                     1980-12-17        800          1   
                     1981-02-20       1600          1
                     1981-02-22       1250          1
                     1981-04-02       2975          1
                     1981-05-01       2850          1
                     1981-06-09       2450          1
                     1981-09-08       1500          1
                     1981-09-28       1250          1
                     1981-11-17       5000          1
                     1981-12-03       3950          2   (C)  1981-12-03 入职的有2位员工,工资总计3950
                     1982-01-23       1300          1
           CLERK                      3050          3   (B) CLERK 工种,共计有3位员工,工资总计:3050
           CLERK     1980-12-17        800          1
           CLERK     1981-12-03        950          1
           CLERK     1982-01-23       1300          1
           ANALYST                    3000          1
           ANALYST   1981-12-03       3000          1
           MANAGER                    8275          3
           MANAGER   1981-04-02       2975          1
           MANAGER   1981-05-01       2850          1
           MANAGER   1981-06-09       2450          1
           SALESMAN                   5600          4
           SALESMAN  1981-02-20       1600          1
           SALESMAN  1981-02-22       1250          1
           SALESMAN  1981-09-08       1500          1
           SALESMAN  1981-09-28       1250          1
           PRESIDENT                  5000          1
           PRESIDENT 1981-11-17       5000          1
        10                            8750          3
        10           1981-06-09       2450          1
        10           1981-11-17       5000          1
        10           1982-01-23       1300          1
        10 CLERK                      1300          1
        10 CLERK     1982-01-23       1300          1
        10 MANAGER                    2450          1
        10 MANAGER   1981-06-09       2450          1
        10 PRESIDENT                  5000          1
        10 PRESIDENT 1981-11-17       5000          1
        20                            6775          3  (A) -- 20号部 有3个成员, 工资总计为:6775 
        20           1980-12-17        800          1
        20           1981-04-02       2975          1
        20           1981-12-03       3000          1
        20 CLERK                       800          1
        20 CLERK     1980-12-17        800          1
        20 ANALYST                    3000          1
        20 ANALYST   1981-12-03       3000          1
        20 MANAGER                    2975          1
        20 MANAGER   1981-04-02       2975          1
        30                            9400          6  (A) -- 30号部 有6个成员, 工资总计为:9400 
        30           1981-02-20       1600          1
        30           1981-02-22       1250          1
        30           1981-05-01       2850          1
        30           1981-09-08       1500          1
        30           1981-09-28       1250          1
        30           1981-12-03        950          1
        30 CLERK                       950          1
        30 CLERK     1981-12-03        950          1
        30 MANAGER                    2850          1
        30 MANAGER   1981-05-01       2850          1
        30 SALESMAN                   5600          4  (A、B) 30号部门,  SALESMAN 工种,有4 个成员,工资总计:5600
        30 SALESMAN  1981-02-20       1600          1  
        30 SALESMAN  1981-02-22       1250          1
        30 SALESMAN  1981-09-08       1500          1  (A、B、C)  0号部门,  SALESMAN 工种,1981-09-08入职,1 个员工,工资总计:1500
        30 SALESMAN  1981-09-28       1250          1  (A、B、C)  0号部门,  SALESMAN 工种,1981-09-28入职,1 个员工,工资总计:1250

已选择65行。
*/

--- GROUPING函数
/*
GROUPING 是一个聚合函数,它产生一个附加的列,当用 CUBE 或 ROLLUP 运算符添加行时,附加的列输出值为1,当所添加的行不是由 CUBE 或 ROLLUP 产生时,附加列值为0。
仅在与包含 CUBE 或 ROLLUP 运算符的 GROUP BY 子句相联系的选择列表中才允许分组。

语法:  GROUPING ( column_name )

是 GROUP BY 子句中用于检查 CUBE 或 ROLLUP 空值的列。

返回类型: int

分组用于区分由 CUBE 和 ROLLUP 返回的空值和标准的空值。作为CUBE 或 ROLLUP 操作结果返回的 NULL 是 NULL 的特殊应用。它在结果集内作为列的占位符,意思是"全体"。
*/

-- grouping 样列
  SELECT   E1.DEPTNO,
           JOB,
           TO_CHAR (E1.HIREDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD') HIREDATE,
           SUM (SAL),
           COUNT (SAL),
           GROUPING (E1.DEPTNO) d,
           GROUPING (JOB) j,
           GROUPING (E1.HIREDATE) h
    FROM   emp e1
GROUP BY   ROLLUP (E1.DEPTNO, E1.JOB, E1.HIREDATE);



/*
-- 结果 :  并进行部分数据解释,以便读者理解

    DEPTNO JOB       HIREDATE     SUM(SAL) COUNT(SAL)   D   J   H
---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- --- ---
        10 CLERK     1982-01-23       1300          1   0   0   0   所有列都有数据作为分组,所以全为 0
        10 CLERK                      1300          1   0   0   1   DEPTNO JOB列 有数据,而HIREDATE没有数据,所以 H 列产生的值为:1
        10 MANAGER   1981-06-09       2450          1   0   0   0    
        10 MANAGER                    2450          1   0   0   1
        10 PRESIDENT 1981-11-17       5000          1   0   0   0
        10 PRESIDENT                  5000          1   0   0   1
        10                            8750          3   0   1   1
        20 CLERK     1980-12-17        800          1   0   0   0
        20 CLERK                       800          1   0   0   1
        20 ANALYST   1981-12-03       3000          1   0   0   0
        20 ANALYST                    3000          1   0   0   1
        20 MANAGER   1981-04-02       2975          1   0   0   0
        20 MANAGER                    2975          1   0   0   1
        20                            6775          3   0   1   1
        30 CLERK     1981-12-03        950          1   0   0   0
        30 CLERK                       950          1   0   0   1
        30 MANAGER   1981-05-01       2850          1   0   0   0
        30 MANAGER                    2850          1   0   0   1
        30 SALESMAN  1981-02-20       1600          1   0   0   0
        30 SALESMAN  1981-02-22       1250          1   0   0   0
        30 SALESMAN  1981-09-08       1500          1   0   0   0
        30 SALESMAN  1981-09-28       1250          1   0   0   0
        30 SALESMAN                   5600          4   0   0   1
        30                            9400          6   0   1   1
                                     24925         12   1   1   1   
*/


-- 应用 grouping  
SELECT   CASE
              WHEN (    GROUPING (E1.DEPTNO) = 0 AND GROUPING (JOB) = 0 AND GROUPING (HIREDATE) = 0)
                   THEN DEPTNO|| ' '|| JOB|| ' ' || TO_CHAR (HIREDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD')|| ' subtotal:'
              WHEN (    GROUPING (E1.DEPTNO) = 0 AND GROUPING (JOB) = 0 AND GROUPING (HIREDATE) = 1)
                   THEN DEPTNO || ' ' || JOB || ' subtotal:'
              WHEN (    GROUPING (E1.DEPTNO) = 0 AND GROUPING (JOB) = 1 AND GROUPING (HIREDATE) = 1)
                   THEN DEPTNO || ' subtotal:'
              WHEN (    GROUPING (E1.DEPTNO) = 1 AND GROUPING (JOB) = 1 AND GROUPING (HIREDATE) = 1)
                   THEN 'Total:'
           END
              "Total", 
           SUM (SAL), COUNT (SAL)
    FROM   emp e1
GROUP BY   ROLLUP (E1.DEPTNO, E1.JOB, E1.HIREDATE);

-- 结果如下:
/*
Total                                  SUM(SAL) COUNT(SAL)
------------------------------------ ---------- ----------
10 CLERK 1982-01-23 subtotal:              1300          1   (A,B,C) 分组
10 CLERK subtotal:                         1300          1   (A,B) 分组
10 MANAGER 1981-06-09 subtotal:            2450          1
10 MANAGER subtotal:                       2450          1
10 PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 subtotal:          5000          1
10 PRESIDENT subtotal:                     5000          1
10 subtotal:                               8750          3  (A) 分组 10号部门,共3个成员,工资总计:8750
20 CLERK 1980-12-17 subtotal:               800          1
20 CLERK subtotal:                          800          1
20 ANALYST 1981-12-03 subtotal:            3000          1
20 ANALYST subtotal:                       3000          1
20 MANAGER 1981-04-02 subtotal:            2975          1
20 MANAGER subtotal:                       2975          1
20 subtotal:                               6775          3
30 CLERK 1981-12-03 subtotal:               950          1
30 CLERK subtotal:                          950          1
30 MANAGER 1981-05-01 subtotal:            2850          1
30 MANAGER subtotal:                       2850          1
30 SALESMAN 1981-02-20 subtotal:           1600          1
30 SALESMAN 1981-02-22 subtotal:           1250          1
30 SALESMAN 1981-09-08 subtotal:           1500          1
30 SALESMAN 1981-09-28 subtotal:           1250          1
30 SALESMAN subtotal:                      5600          4
30 subtotal:                               9400          6
Total:                                    24925         12  () 全部总计:12 个成员,工资总计为:24925

已选择25行。
*/


 

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