什么是pom?
pom作为项目对象模型。通过xml表示maven项目,使用pom.xml来实现。主要描述了项目:包括配置文件;开发者需要遵循的规则,缺陷管理系统,组织和licenses,项目的url,项目的依赖性,以及其他所有的项目相关因素。这是一个一站式项目管理商店,里面包含了项目需要的各种东西。事实上,在maven的世界里,一个项目不需要任何代码,仅仅是一个pom.xml。
快速查看
这是一个pom's项目元素列表。modelVersion包含4.0.0。这是目前唯一支持Maven的2和3的POM版本。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!-- The Basics --> <groupId>...</groupId> <artifactId>...</artifactId> <version>...</version> <packaging>...</packaging> <dependencies>...</dependencies> <parent>...</parent> <dependencyManagement>...</dependencyManagement> <modules>...</modules> <properties>...</properties> <!-- Build Settings --> <build>...</build> <reporting>...</reporting> <!-- More Project Information --> <name>...</name> <description>...</description> <url>...</url> <inceptionYear>...</inceptionYear> <licenses>...</licenses> <organization>...</organization> <developers>...</developers> <contributors>...</contributors> <!-- Environment Settings --> <issueManagement>...</issueManagement> <ciManagement>...</ciManagement> <mailingLists>...</mailingLists> <scm>...</scm> <prerequisites>...</prerequisites> <repositories>...</repositories> <pluginRepositories>...</pluginRepositories> <distributionManagement>...</distributionManagement> <profiles>...</profiles> </project>下面开始对这个配置文件进行详细介绍:
基本内容:
pom包含了一个项目所需的必要信息,以及在构建过程中使用插件的配置
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!-- The Basics --> <groupId>...</groupId> <artifactId>...</artifactId> <version>...</version> <packaging>...</packaging> <dependencies>...</dependencies> <parent>...</parent> <dependencyManagement>...</dependencyManagement> <modules>...</modules> <properties>...</properties>
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.0</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>test</scope> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> ... </dependencies>
type:相应的依赖产品包形式,如jar,war
scope:用于限制相应的依赖范围,包括以下的几种变量:
compile :默认范围,用于编译
provided:类似于编译,但支持你期待jdk或者容器提供,类似于classpath
runtime:在执行时,需要使用
test:用于test任务时使用
system:需要外在提供相应得元素。通过systemPath来取得
systemPath: 仅用于范围为system。提供相应的路径
optional: 标注可选,当项目自身也是依赖时。用于连续依赖时使用
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId> <artifactId>maven-embedder</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId> <artifactId>maven-core</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency>
<project> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId> <artifactId>my-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> </project>
<project> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId> <artifactId>my-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <relativePath>../my-parent</relativePath> </parent> <artifactId>my-project</artifactId> </project>
dependencyManagement:
用于父项目配置共同的依赖关系,主要配置依赖包相同因素,如版本,scope。
合成(或者多个模块)
一个项目有多个模块,也叫做多重模块,或者合成项目。
如下的定义:
<project> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId> <artifactId>my-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <modules> <module>my-project1<module> <module>my-project2<module> </modules> </project>
<project> <!-- "Project Build" contains more elements than just the BaseBuild set --> <build>...</build> <profiles> <profile> <!-- "Profile Build" contains a subset of "Project Build"s elements --> <build>...</build> </profile> </profiles> </project>
<build> <defaultGoal>install</defaultGoal> <directory>${basedir}/target</directory> <finalName>${artifactId}-${version}</finalName> <filters> <filter>filters/filter1.properties</filter> </filters> ... </build>
<project> <build> ... <resources> <resource> <targetPath>META-INF/plexus</targetPath> <filtering>false</filtering> <directory>${basedir}/src/main/plexus</directory> <includes> <include>configuration.xml</include> </includes> <excludes> <exclude>**/*.properties</exclude> </excludes> </resource> </resources> <testResources> ... </testResources> ... </build> </project>
在build时,执行的插件,比较有用的部分,如使用jdk 5.0编译等等
<project> <build> ... <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <extensions>false</extensions> <inherited>true</inherited> <configuration> <classifier>test</classifier> </configuration> <dependencies>...</dependencies> <executions>...</executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
<plugin> <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId> <executions> <execution> <id>echodir</id> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <phase>verify</phase> <inherited>false</inherited> <configuration> <tasks> <echo>Build Dir: ${project.build.directory}</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin>
<build> <sourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/java</sourceDirectory> <scriptSourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory> <testSourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory> <outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/classes</outputDirectory> <testOutputDirectory>${basedir}/target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory> ... </build>
<project> <build> ... <extensions> <extension> <groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId> <artifactId>wagon-ftp</artifactId> <version>1.0-alpha-3</version> </extension> </extensions> ... </build> </project>
<reporting> <plugins> <plugin> <outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/site</outputDirectory> <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId> <reportSets> <reportSet></reportSet> </reportSets> </plugin> </plugins> </reporting>
<reporting> <plugins> <plugin> ... <reportSets> <reportSet> <id>sunlink</id> <reports> <report>javadoc</report> </reports> <inherited>true</inherited> <configuration> <links> <link>http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/</link> </links> </configuration> </reportSet> </reportSets> </plugin> </plugins> </reporting>
<licenses> <license> <name>Apache 2</name> <url>http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt</url> <distribution>repo</distribution> <comments>A business-friendly OSS license</comments> </license> </licenses>
<organization> <name>Codehaus Mojo</name> <url>http://mojo.codehaus.org</url> </organization>
<developers> <developer> <id>eric</id> <name>Eric</name> <email>[email protected]</email> <url>http://eric.propellors.net</url> <organization>Codehaus</organization> <organizationUrl>http://mojo.codehaus.org</organizationUrl> <roles> <role>architect</role> <role>developer</role> </roles> <timezone>-6</timezone> <properties> <picUrl>http://tinyurl.com/prv4t</picUrl> </properties> </developer> </developers>
<contributors> <contributor> <name>Noelle</name> <email>[email protected]</email> <url>http://noellemarie.com</url> <organization>Noelle Marie</organization> <organizationUrl>http://noellemarie.com</organizationUrl> <roles> <role>tester</role> </roles> <timezone>-5</timezone> <properties> <gtalk>[email protected]</gtalk> </properties> </contributor> </contributors>
<issueManagement> <system>Bugzilla</system> <url>http://127.0.0.1/bugzilla</url> </issueManagement>
<ciManagement> <system>continuum</system> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8080/continuum</url> <notifiers> <notifier> <type>mail</type> <sendOnError>true</sendOnError> <sendOnFailure>true</sendOnFailure> <sendOnSuccess>false</sendOnSuccess> <sendOnWarning>false</sendOnWarning> <configuration><address>[email protected]</address></configuration> </notifier> </notifiers> </ciManagement>
<mailingLists> <mailingList> <name>User List</name> <subscribe>[email protected]</subscribe> <unsubscribe>[email protected]</unsubscribe> <post>[email protected]</post> <archive>http://127.0.0.1/user/</archive> <otherArchives> <otherArchive>http://base.google.com/base/1/127.0.0.1</otherArchive> </otherArchives> </mailingList> </mailingLists>
<scm> <connection>scm:svn:http://127.0.0.1/svn/my-project</connection> <developerConnection>scm:svn:https://127.0.0.1/svn/my-project</developerConnection> <tag>HEAD</tag> <url>http://127.0.0.1/websvn/my-project</url> </scm>
<distributionManagement> <repository> <id>proficio-repository</id> <name>Proficio Repository</name> <url>file://${basedir}/target/deploy</url> </repository> </distributionManagement>
<distributionManagement> <repository> <id>proficio-repository</id> <name>Proficio Repository</name> <url>scp://sshserver.yourcompany.com/deploy</url> </repository> </distributionManagement>
<distributionManagement> <repository> <id>proficio-repository</id> <name>Proficio Repository</name> <url>sftp://ftpserver.yourcompany.com/deploy</url> </repository> </distributionManagement>
<distributionManagement> <repository> <id>proficio-repository</id> <name>Proficio Repository</name> <url>scpexe://sshserver.yourcompany.com/deploy</url> </repository> </distributionManagement> <build> <extensions> <extension> <groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId> <artifactId>wagon-ssh-external</artifactId> <version>1.0-alpha-6</version> </extension> </extensions> </build>
<distributionManagement> <repository> <id>proficio-repository</id> <name>Proficio Repository</name> <url>ftp://ftpserver.yourcompany.com/deploy</url> </repository> </distributionManagement> <build> <extensions> <extension> <groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId> <artifactId>wagon-ftp</artifactId> <version>1.0-alpha-6</version> </extension> </extensions> </build>
<profiles> <profile> <id>test</id> <activation>...</activation> <build>...</build> <modules>...</modules> <repositories>...</repositories> <pluginRepositories>...</pluginRepositories> <dependencies>...</dependencies> <reporting>...</reporting> <dependencyManagement>...</dependencyManagement> <distributionManagement>...</distributionManagement> </profile> </profiles>