shell编程学习笔记三

case 语句
语句格式
case "$variable" in
  模式1)
   命令1
  
  ...
  ;;
  模式2)
   命令2 
   ...
   ;;
esac




模式部分可使用通配符
* 任意字符
? 任意单个字符
[..] 类或范围中任意字符






简单的case语句


示例代码如下:
#!/bin/sh
#test12
#简单case语句
echo -n "enter a number from 1 to 5 :"
 read ANS
  case $ANS in
   1) echo "you select 1"
   ;;
   2) echo "you select 2"
   ;;
   3) echo "you select 3"
   ;;
   4) echo "you select 4"
   ;;
   5) echo "you select 5"
   ;;
   *) echo "`basename $0`: this is not between 1 and 5" >&2
   exit 1
   ;;
esac


执行结果:
 [retacn@localhost tmp]$ ./test12
enter a number from 1 to 5 :0
test12: this is not between 1 and 5
[retacn@localhost tmp]$ ./test12
enter a number from 1 to 5 :1
you select 1






对匹配模式使用(|)或运算符


==================================================================
循环


for
语法格式为:
for 变量名 in 列表
do
  命令1
  命令2 
done


简单的for 循环
示例代码如下:


#!/bin/sh
#test13
#简单for循环
for loop in 1 2 3 4 5
do
 echo $loop
done


执行结果:
[retacn@localhost tmp]$ ./test13
1
2
3
4
5


打印当前目录下所有文件
示例代码如下:
#!/bin/sh
#test14
#打印当前目录下所有文件
for loop in `ls`
 do
   echo $loop
done


执行结果如下:
[retacn@localhost tmp]$ ./test14
helloworld
helloworld.c
myfile1
temp
test
test10
test12
test13
test14
test2
test3
test4
test5
test6
test7
test8
test9
test.txt






在for循环中使用参数
不使用列表选项查看特定参数$@或$*,从命令行中读取参数
示例代码如下:
#!/bin/sh
#test15
#从命令行读取参数
for params
 do
  echo "you supplied $params as a command line option"
done
  echo $params
done


执行结果:
[retacn@localhost tmp]$ ./test15 myfile1 myfile2
you supplied myfile1 as a command line option
you supplied myfile2 as a command line option


 






 
until循环
 循环执行命令直到条件为真时结束
语法格式如下:
util 条件
   命令
done




简单的until循环
监视磁盘空间
示例代码如下:
#!/bin/sh
#test16
#监视磁盘空间
LOOK_OUT=`df | grep /logs | awk '{print $5}' | sed 's/%//g'`
echo $LOOK_OUT
until [ "$LOOK_OUT" -gt "90" ]
do
 echo "filessystem ..log is nearly full"
done 
 
  




while循环
语法格式如下
while 命令
do 
 命令1
 
done



while [condition] ; do




简单的while循环


示例代码如下


#!/bin/sh
#test17
#简单的while循环
COUNT=0
while [ $COUNT -lt 5 ]
do
 COUNT=`expr $COUNT + 1`
 echo $COUNT
done
执行结果
[retacn@localhost tmp]$ ./test17
1
2
3
4
5




循环从文件中读取数据
示例代码如下:
#!/bin/sh
#test18
#从文件中读取数据
while read LINE
 do
 echo $LINE
dUNT < name.txt


执行结果:
[retacn@localhost tmp]$ ./test18
yue
zhen
hua




break和continue


break跳出循环
continue跳出当前循环




 


菜单
示例代码如下:
#!/bin/sh
#test19
#菜单
MYDDATE=`date +%d/%m/%Y`
THIS_HOST=`hostname -s`
USER=`whoami`
#无限循环
while :
do
 #清屏
 tput clear
 cat <<MAYDAY
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 User:$USER              Host:$THIS_HOST             Date:$MYDATE
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
        1:List files in current directory
        2:Use the vi editor
        3:See who is on the system
        H:Help screen
        Q:Exit Menu
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
MAYDAY
echo -e -n "\t Your Choice [1,2,3,h,q] >"
read CHOICE
  case $CHOICE in
  1) ls
   ;;
  2) vi
   ;;
  3) who
   ;;
  Q|q) exit 0
   ;;
  H|h)
   cat <<MAYDAY
     this is the help screen!
MAYDAY
   ;;
  *) echo -e "\t\007unknown user response"
 esac
echo -e -n "\tHit the return key to continue"
read DUMMY
done








执行结果:
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 User:root              Host:localhost             Date:
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
        1:List files in current directory
        2:Use the vi editor
        3:See who is on the system
        H:Help screen
        Q:Exit Menu
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
         Your Choice [1,2,3,H,Q] >q





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