Spring事务配置的五种方式
事务四大特性(简称ACID)
1、原子性(Atomicity):事务中的全部操作在数据库中是不可分割的,要么全部完成,要么均不执行。
2、一致性(Consistency):几个并行执行的事务,其执行结果必须与按某一顺序串行执行的结果相一致。
3、隔离性(Isolation):事务的执行不受其他事务的干扰,事务执行的中间结果对其他事务必须是透明的。
4、持久性(Durability):对于任意已提交事务,系统必须保证该事务对数据库的改变不被丢失,即使数据库出现故障。
Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分,分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分,无论哪种配置方式,一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。
DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化,比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时,DataSource实际为SessionFactory,TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。
具体如下图:
根据代理机制的不同,总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式,配置文件如下:
第一种方式:每个Bean都有一个代理
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>
<!--定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--配置DAO-->
<beanid="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userDao"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<!--配置事务管理器-->
<property name="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
<property name="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/>
<property name="proxyInterfaces"value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"/>
<!--配置事务属性-->
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
第二种方式:所有Bean共享一个代理基类
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>
<!--定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)-->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionBase"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
lazy-init="true"abstract="true">
<!--配置事务管理器-->
<property name="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
<!--配置事务属性-->
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--配置DAO-->
<bean id="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userDao"parent="transactionBase">
<property name="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/>
</bean>
</beans>
第三种方式:使用拦截器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>
<!--定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)-->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionInterceptor"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
<property name="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
<!--配置事务属性-->
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<property name="beanNames">
<list>
<value>*Dao</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>transactionInterceptor</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!--配置DAO-->
<bean id="userDao"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
</beans>
第四种方式:使用tx标签配置的拦截器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>
<!--定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)-->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice"transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:methodname="*"propagation="REQUIRED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisoradvice-ref="txAdvice"
pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
第五种方式:全注解
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>
<tx:annotation-driventransaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>
<!--定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)-->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
</beans>
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解,如下:
packagecom.bluesky.spring.dao;
importjava.util.List;
importorg.hibernate.SessionFactory;
importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
importorg.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;
importcom.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
publicclassUserDaoImpl extendsHibernateDaoSupport implementsUserDao {
publicList<User>listUsers() {
returnthis.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
}
}